Brage NIH (Norwegian School of Sport Sciences)
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‘We’re all on the same journey; some are just a bit further down the road than others’: A qualitative study exploring peer mentors’ experiences in Active Rehabilitation camps for individuals with acquired brain injury
Full text linkPurpose: This study aimed to explore how peer mentors experience their role and practice in Active Rehabilitation camps for individuals with acquired brain injury.
Methods: Sixteen peer mentors with acquired brain injury were interviewed, and the data were analysed using Systematic text condensation. Self-determination theory was used to interpret the results.
Results: Six themes were constructed: “Altruistic motives drive peer mentors” engagement”, “What does it mean to be a peer mentor?”, “Peer mentors question their qualifications”, “Camp is tough—Nothing can compare”, “Being a peer mentor—A part of one’s rehabilitation process”, and “Closeness and trust—A bubble of understanding”. The peer mentors reported personal benefits, such as increased knowledge about brain injury, self-esteem, motivation, physical activity, community participation, and social networks. They perceived that mutual understanding among peer mentors and mentees created a safe camp atmosphere, which led to positive experiences.
Conclusion: The peer mentors benefitted from their role and described it as part of their rehabilitation journey. We recommend that peer mentors receive training before entering this position, feedback on their performance, and camp schedules that accommodate time for rest and informal meetings between mentees and peer mentors.publishedVersio
Previous cartilage surgery is associated with inferior patient-reported outcomes after knee arthroplasty
Full text linkPurpose: The hypothesis of the present study assumed that a history of focal cartilage lesions would not affect Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome scores (KOOSs) following knee arthroplasty compared to a matched national cohort of knee arthroplasty patients.
Methods: Fifty-eight knee arthroplasty patients with previous surgery for focal cartilage lesions (cartilage cohort) were compared to a matched cohort of 116 knee arthroplasty patients from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (control group). Age, sex, primary or revision arthroplasty, type of arthroplasty (total, unicondylar or patellofemoral), year of arthroplasty surgery and arthroplasty brand were used as matching criteria. Demographic data and KOOS were obtained through questionnaires. Regression models were employed to adjust for confounding factors.
Results: Mean follow-up post knee arthroplasty surgery was 7.6 years (range 1.2–20.3) in the cartilage cohort and 8.1 (range 1.0–20.9) in the control group. The responding patients were at the time of surgery 54.3 versus 59.0 years in the cartilage and control group, respectively. At follow-up the control group demonstrated higher adjusted Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome subscores than the previous focal cartilage patients with a mean adjusted difference (95% confidence interval in parentheses): Symptoms 8.4 (0.3, 16.4), Pain 11.8 (2.2, 21.4), Activities of daily living (ADL) 9.3 (−1.2, 18.6), Sport and recreation 8.9 (−1.6, 19.4) and Quality of Life (QoL) 10.6 (0.2, 21.1). The control group also demonstrated higher odds of reaching the patient-acceptable symptom state threshold for the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome subscores with odds ratio: Symptoms 2.7 (1.2, 6.4), Pain 3.0 (1.3, 7.0), ADL 2.1 (0.9, 4.6) and QoL 2.4 (1.0, 5.5).
Conclusion: Previous cartilage surgery was associated with inferior patient-reported outcomes after knee arthroplasty. These patients also exhibited significantly lower odds of reaching the patient-acceptable symptom state threshold for the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome subscores.publishedVersio
Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants.
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An ecological approach for skill development and performance in soccer goalkeeper training: Empirical evidence and coaching applications
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Device-measured sedentary time and intensity-specific physical activity in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: The UK Biobank cohort study
Full text linkBackground and aims: Understanding the amounts of intensity-specific movement needed to attenuate the association between sedentary time and mortality may help to inform personalized prescription and behavioral counselling. Herein, we examined the joint associations of sedentary time and intensity-specific physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
Methods: Prospective cohort study including 73,729 adults from the UK Biobank who wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their dominant wrist for at least 3 days, being one a weekend day, between June 2013 and December 2015. We considered the median tertile values of sedentary time and physical activity in each intensity band to determine the amount of physical activity needed to attenuate the association between sedentary time and mortality.
Results: During a median of 6.9 years of follow-up (628,807 person-years), we documented 1521 deaths, including 388 from CVD. Physical activity of any intensity attenuated the detrimental association of sedentary time with mortality. Overall, at least a median of 6 min/day of vigorous physical activity, 30 min/day of MVPA, 64 min/day of moderate physical activity, or 163 min/day of light physical activity (mutually-adjusted for other intensities) attenuated the association between sedentary time and mortality. High sedentary time was associated with higher risk of CVD mortality only among participants with low MVPA (HR 1.96; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.14).
Conclusions: Different amounts of each physical activity intensity may attenuate the association between high sedentary time and mortality.publishedVersio
The gender and sex data gap in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in paediatric patients
Full text linkAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a concerning problem in the paediatric population, impacting joint health and longevity. Moreover, ACL injury hampers physical activity, which is important for children's social network and general well-being. Recent data demonstrates a rise in paediatric ACL reconstructions, affecting both girls and boys. However, it is unclear whether this rise reflects a higher injury rate or a more proactive approach towards surgery, as information on nonoperated patients is lacking. Regarding gender differences, increasing evidence implies that girls engaged in pivoting sports experience a higher incidence of ACL injuries and reinjuries compared to boys. Furthermore, data suggest that girls have inferior outcomes and lower return-to-sport rates than boys. The social context in which girls compete in sports is likely a significant contributing factor to the risk of serious knee injuries. Lack of attention and insufficient data on gender-based differences in ACL injuries, outcomes and evidence-based treatment guidelines highlight the need for further research on this topic.publishedVersio
Interplay of muscle architecture, morphology, and quality in influencing human sprint cycling performance: A systematic review
Full text linkBackground: This systematic review aimed to discern the relationships between muscle morphology, architecture, and quality with sprint cycling performance while considering the multifaceted nature of these relationships across diverse studies.
Methods: Employing the PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search was performed across four primary databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and SPORTDiscus. The Methodological Index For Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Out of 3971 initially identified records, only 10 studies met the eligibility criteria.
Results: These investigations underscored the robust relationship of quadriceps muscle volume with peak power output (R2 from 0.65 to 0.82), suggesting its pivotal role in force production. In muscle architecture, the pennation angle and fascicle length showed varied associations with performance. Furthermore, muscle quality, as denoted by echo intensity, showed preliminary evidence of a potential inverse relationship with performance. The methodological quality assessment revealed varied scores, with the most consistent reporting on the aim, endpoints, and inclusion of consecutive patients. However, limitations were observed in the prospective calculation of study size and unbiased assessment of study endpoints.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that muscle volume is a major determinant of sprint cycling performance. Muscle architecture and quality also impact performance, although in a more intricate way. The review calls for standardised methodologies in future research for a more comprehensive understanding and comparability of results.publishedVersio
Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors from childhood to young adulthood
Full text linkAvhandling (doktorgrad) - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the most common cause of death globally. While these diseases usually manifest in adulthood, several studies have demonstrated that an unfavourable cardiometabolic profile in childhood is predictive of risk status in adulthood. Given the established cardiometabolic health benefits from physical activity and higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and that most adolescents are insufficiently active, a call has been made for more prospective studies in this age interval – particularly among older adolescents and young adults to gain more knowledge about physical activity behaviour through major life transitions.
Aims: We aim to examine I) whether the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth differ by level of CRF, II) changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood, III) prospective associations between physical activity and sedentary time with various risk factors for developing CVD, and IV) tracking of sedentary time, CRF, and other cardiometabolic risk factors from childhood to young adulthood.
Methods: I) Whether the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth differ by CRF level was examined with a systematic review of published literature. II) Levels, trends, and associations of physical activity and sedentary time, CRF, and cardiometabolic risk markers were investigated in the Physical Activity among Norwegian Children Study (PANCS) follow-up, consisting of three study waves at age 9 years (n=731), age 15 years (n=731), and age 24 years (n=258). Physical activity was measured with accelerometery at all time-points.
Main results: I) Most published studies indicate that physical activity is more beneficial for cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with lower CRF levels compared to their more fit peers. However, the evidence quality is weak due to potential selective reporting and a high risk of bias in most of the included studies. II) We observed a significant decrease in device-measured physical activity and an increase in sedentary time from childhood to adolescence. These variables remained relatively stable during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. The absolute tracking of physical activity over time was weak, but individuals in the lowest quartile of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity at age 9 were significantly more likely to stay in that quartile by age 24 compared to peers in the higher quartiles at baseline. III) Sedentary time during adolescence was linked to lower peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in young adulthood, while MVPA and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were associated with higher VO2peak over this period. Furthermore, higher levels of VPA during adolescence was associated to favourable changes in visceral fat, insulin levels, and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood. The relationship between VPA and cardiometabolic risk may vary based on childhood BMI tertiles, with those in the highest tertile demonstrating the most favourable association. IV) Several cardiometabolic risk markers tracked of moderate to strong magnitude from childhood into young adulthood, including BMI, waist circumference, VO2peak, LDL-cholesterol, and clustered cardiometabolic risk. Systolic blood pressure demonstrated moderate to weak stability, while sedentary time, insulin, and high-sensitivity CRP exhibited weak to no tracking over this period. Tracking of waist circumference was slightly stronger in girls than boys, while VO2peak had higher stability among boys. Tracking patterns for the other risk markers were similar between boys and girls.
Conclusions: Significant changes in physical activity and sedentary time occurred between ages 9 and 15, with only smaller changes between ages 15 and 24. Less active children were more likely to remain less active young adults, suggesting early intervention may be necessary. Furthermore, key cardiometabolic risk factors remained stable from ages 9 to 24. However, sedentary time appear less stable and may be more modifiable than risk factors of high stability. Supporting current recommendations, being more active and less sedentary in adolescence is associated with better cardiometabolic health in young adulthood. Particularly, VPA shows benefits for various cardiometabolic health markers. Additionally, physical activity could be most beneficial among youth “at risk” (e.g., low CRF, obese).publishedVersionInstitutt for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sport Science
A performance analysis of jumps in the speed disciplines of alpine ski racing
Full text linkMasteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between take-off angle, take-off speed, landing hill angle to the flight length, in the speed disciplines, among World Cup athletes. Additionally, this study also suggests a way of categorizing types of jumps, and examine the different categories relationship to take-off angle, take-off speed, landing hill angle and flight length. Furthermore, to propose a definition of performance and to analyze performance at the flight phase in jumps, including looking at parameters affecting the flight performance.
Methods: The project included a total of 719 jumps. Data collection occurred from the 2021/2022 season to 2024/2025 season at speed discipline training and race training, all data was collected through video and GNSS (Admos). Descriptive statistic was used to describe the data, multiple linear regression and correlation was utilized to identify variable predictors of flight length and flight performance.
Results: The flight length is described 62 % by take-off angle, take-off speed and landing hill angle. Take-off speed differs significantly between trainings and race trainings based on these results. The jump characteristics was differed in three groups based on landing hill angle: flat, mid and steep. Flight length, take-off angle, take-off speed and landing hill angle describes about 15 % of the flight performance.
Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate the factors affecting flight length and flight performance in alpine skiing jumps. Key findings include that take-off angle, take-off speed, and landing hill angle affects the flight length. Landing hill angle significantly affects take-off angle, flight length, and take-off speed in the different groups. Flight length, take-off angle, take-off speed and landing hill angle does not describe the flight performance significantly. This research conducts a great base for further investigation on performance and characteristics of jumps. This knowledge is valuable for both athletes, coaches, and the academic community. Hence, this thesis can provide new insight and establish a basis for future research and theoretical developments.Institutt for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc