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Digital technique to analyze the wear of the slot after orthodontic treatment through fixed multibracket appliances
Get PDFIntroduction To assess the accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of a measurement digital technique to quantify
the wear of the bracket slot walls of the fixed multibracket appliance after orthodontic treatment with the previous
measurement traditional technique (scanning electronic microscope (SEM)).
Methods A total of 100 fixed multibracket appliances were cemented during the 15 months orthodontic treatment
and subsequently removed. The fixed multibracket appliances were submitted preoperatively and postoperatively to
a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan to obtain accurate standard tessellation language (STL) digital files
of the fixed multibracket appliances and to a preoperatively and postoperatively SEM analysis. Afterwards, pre-operatively
and postoperatively STL digital files of each fixed multibracket appliances were aligned using morphometric
software with the best fit algorithm. Subsequently, area and volume wear of fixed multibracket appliances was identified,
isolated and measured.
Results The repeatability and reproducibility of the digital measurement method for the area (
mm2) and volume
(
mm3) were analyzed by Gage R&R statistical analysis. The area wear of the bracket slot walls of the fixed multibracket
appliance after orthodontic treatment showed a repeatability of 3.7% and a reproducibility of 0%. The volume of the
bracket slot walls of the fixed multibracket appliance after orthodontic treatment showed a repeatability of 0.9% and
a reproducibility of 5.6%. However, the traditional measurement technique showed a repeatability of 0.58% and a
reproducibility of 33.01%; hence, it was repeatable but not reproducible.
Conclusions The digital measurement technique is a reproducible, repeatable, and accurate method for quantifying
the wear of the bracket slot walls of the fixed multibracket appliance after orthodontic treatment.Odontologí
Representations and recognition of (un)protected childhood: dilemmas for Social Education from Melilla
Get PDFEl texto1 reflexiona sobre los conceptos de infancia, justicia social, reconocimiento y ciudadanía poniendo el foco en la infancia no acompañada
y las implicaciones para la función socioeducativa relacionadas con este
colectivo. Para ello, se han realizado cinco entrevistas a niños, adolescentes y jóvenes (NNAJ) norafricanos no acompañados que residen en
Melilla (España) y a dos de sus educadores. Dos de los NNAJ aún no
han cumplido los 18 años y residen en un centro de protección, mientras
que los otros tres han cumplido dicha edad y dos viven en pisos tutelados ambos de régimen abierto, subvencionados por la Consejería de
Servicios Sociales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. Como resultado,
ofrecemos un análisis de las experiencias, relatos y situación relacionada
con la infancia y la edad adulta, el reconocimiento, la situación y expectativa legal y el impacto en los profesionales de la Educación Social.
Finalmente se presentan unas conclusiones que pretenden abrir debates
para la formación en la Educación Social, en torno a cuatro líneas de
intervención futura: (1) reforzar la ciudadanía de la infancia; (2) repensar
el sistema de protección de niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes en el
Estado español desde una perspectiva intercultural e identitaria; (3) promover un enfoque de derechos basados en la dignidad humana; (4) y
reforzar la competencia intercultural de los educadores sociales.O texto 1 reflecte sobre os conceitos de infância, justiça social, reconhecimento e cidadania, centrando-se
nas crianças desacompanhadas e nas implicações para a função sócio-educativa relacionada com este grupo. Para
este efeito, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com crianças, adolescentes e jovens não acompanhados do Norte
de África (NNAJ) residentes em Melilla (Espanha) e dois dos seus educadores. Dois do NNAJ ainda não atingiram a
idade de 18 anos e residem num centro de protecção, enquanto os outros três atingiram essa idade e dois vivem
em apartamentos supervisionados, ambos em regime aberto, subsidiados pelo Departamento de Serviços Sociais
da Cidade Autónoma de Melilla. Como principais resultados, podemos destacar a análise das experiências, histórias
e situação relacionadas com a infância e a idade adulta, reconhecimento, situação e expectativas legais e o impacto
sobre os profissionais da educação social. Finalmente, são apresentadas conclusões que visam abrir debates para
a formação em educação social, em torno de quatro linhas de intervenção futura para a educação social: (1) reforçar
a cidadania das crianças; (2) repensar o sistema de protecção da criança em Espanha numa perspectiva intercultural
e baseada na identidade; (3) promover uma abordagem baseada nos direitos baseada na dignidade humana; (4) e
reforçar a competência intercultural dos educadores sociais.The text 1 reflects on the concepts of childhood, social justice, recognition and citizenship, focusing on un -
accompanied children and the implications for the socio-educational function related to this group. For this purpose,
five interviews were conducted with unaccompanied North African children, adolescents and young people (CAYP)
residing in Melilla (Spain) and two of their educators. Two of the CAYP have not yet reached the age of 18 and reside
in a protection centre, while the other three have reached that age and two live in supervised flats, both open regime,
subsidised by the Department of Social Services of the Autonomous City of Melilla. As main results, we can highlight
the analysis of experiences, stories and situation related to childhood and adulthood, recognition, situation and legal
expectation and the impact on Social Education professionals. Finally, conclusions are presented that aim to open
debates for training in Social Education, around four lines of future intervention: (1) reinforcing children’s citizenship;
(2) rethinking the child protection system in Spain from an intercultural and identity-based perspective; (3) promoting
a rights-based approach based on human dignity; (4) and reinforcing the intercultural competence of social.Educació
Management of Osteoarthritis and Joint Support Using Feed Supplements: A Scoping Review of Undenatured Type II Collagen and Boswellia serrata
Get PDFIn the multimodal management of osteoarthritis (OA) in recent decades, the use of feed
supplements to maintain joint cartilage has been advocated. The aim of this scoping review is to
present the results found in the veterinary literature on the use of undenatured type II collagen and
Boswellia serrata in dogs, specifically its use in dogs with clinical signs of OA, healthy dogs after intense
exercise or dogs with diseases that predispose the individual to OA. For this purpose, a literature
review was carried out using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar,
from which a total of 26 records were included in this review: fourteen evaluating undenatured
type II collagen, ten evaluating Boswellia serrata and two evaluating the combination of undenatured
type II collagen and Boswellia serrata. The review of the records showed that undenatured type II
collagen decreases the clinical signs associated with OA, improving the general clinical state with
a reduction in the degree of lameness and increase in physical activity or mobility. Evaluating the
response to supplementation with Boswellia serrata alone is complicated due to the limited publication
of studies and variations in the purity and compositions of the products used, but in general terms,
its combination with other feed supplements produces benefits by relieving pain and reducing the
clinical signs of OA in dogs. The combination of both in the same product provides results similar to
those obtained in undenatured type II collagen studies. In conclusion, undenatured type II collagen
and Boswellia serrata are considered a valid option for the multimodal approach to the management
of OA and for improving activity during intense exercise, but more studies are needed to conclude
whether or not it prevents OA in dogs.This review was partly funded by Vetoquinol Especialidades Veterinarias SAUVeterinari
Cephalometric analysis performance discrepancy between orthodontists and an artificial intelligence model using lateral cephalometric radiographs
No full textPurpose
The purpose of the present clinical study was to compare the Ricketts and Steiner cephalometric analysis obtained by two experienced orthodontists and artificial intelligence (AI)-based software program and measure the orthodontist variability.
Materials and Methods
A total of 50 lateral cephalometric radiographs from 50 patients were obtained. Two groups were created depending on the operator performing the cephalometric analysis: orthodontists (Orthod group) and an AI software program (AI group). In the Orthod group, two independent experienced orthodontists performed the measurements by performing a manual identification of the cephalometric landmarks and a software program (NemoCeph; Nemotec) to calculate the measurements. In the AI group, an AI software program (CephX; ORCA Dental AI) was selected for both the automatic landmark identification and cephalometric measurements. The Ricketts and Steiner cephalometric analyses were assessed in both groups including a total of 24 measurements. The Shapiro–Wilk test showed that the data was normally distributed. The t-test was used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).
Results
The t-test analysis showed significant measurement discrepancies between the Orthod and AI group in seven of the 24 cephalometric parameters tested, namely the corpus length (p = 0.003), mandibular arc (p < 0.001), lower face height (p = 0.005), overjet (p = 0.019), and overbite (p = 0.022) in the Ricketts cephalometric analysis and occlusal to SN (p = 0.002) and GoGn-SN (p < 0.001) in the Steiner cephalometric analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between both orthodontists of the Orthod group for each cephalometric measurement was calculated.
Conclusions
Significant discrepancies were found in seven of the 24 cephalometric measurements tested between the orthodontists and the AI-based program assessed. The intra-operator reliability analysis showed reproducible measurements between both orthodontists, except for the corpus length measurement.Odontologí
Importance of Soft Skills in Health Sciences Students and Their Repercussion after the COVID-19 Epidemic: Scoping Review
Get PDFSoft skills (SKs) are skills related to the interaction among people and their way of dealing
with tasks. Increasingly valued in the workplace, they are especially relevant in health professionals
due to the importance of the relationship among them and their patients and families. Given their
importance, the university training of healthcare professionals must promote the development of SKs.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a turning point in many areas, changing the learning process and,
even more, the use of these soft skills as a fundamental ingredient in human relationships. The aim of
this study was to analyse the available evidence regarding SKs in health science students, specifically
nursing students, and to describe whether there is a worsening in the development of such skills
after the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the PRISMA-ScR methodology for systematic reviews,
this study included articles on social skills and possible changes in these skills as a consequence of
the pandemic in health sciences students The results highlight the importance of these emotional
competences for future nurses, being particularly relevant for communication and emotional selfawareness and showing their influence on academic aspects, such as academic performance or mental
health and coping skills. A major limitation of the present study was not considering aspects such as
compassion or empathy. However, the novelty provided by this work is the analysis of the changes in
SKs produced as a consequence of the pandemic. It is definitely clear that there is a need to enhance
emotional intelligence, and thus soft skills, in future health professionals.Financial support provided by the Catholic University of Valencia Foundation for the publication of this articleMedicin
Assessing Nutritional Status and Frailty among Poor Elderly Individuals in Requena del Tapiche, Peru
Get PDFFrailty is a biological syndrome that leads to a loss of physiological reserve, increasing
susceptibility to adverse health events. In the Peruvian Amazon, the elderly live with hardly any
economic resources, presenting a caloric deficit that is related to functional and cognitive deterioration.
Our objective was to identify the health needs of elderly people living in extreme poverty in Requena
(Peru) by means of a geriatric assessment of the nutritional and functional spheres to design, in the
future, a cooperation project appropriate to the needs detected. This is an observational, descriptive,
and cross-sectional study. Sixty participants were included, and sociodemographic and functional
status variables were analyzed using the MNA and Barthel scales and the Get Up and Go test. The
mean age of the participants was 79 6.67 (women 55% and men 45%), where 60% had frailty. A
statistically significant relationship was found between the MNA scores and Barthel test. Eighty-five
percent were malnourished or at risk and thirteen percent had total or moderate dependence. We
conclude that the nutritional status of the elderly was deficient. The high degree of living alone in
which they live forces them to maintain their independence and their walking stability is normal. The
situation of frailty exceeds the national average, a situation that has repercussions for their quality
of life. We found a statistically significant association between nutritional status, dependence, and
frailty. The better-nourished elderly are less frail and less dependentNutrición humana y dietétic
Upper airway changes after rapid maxillary expansion: three-dimensional analyses
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate volumetric changes in the upper airway using Cone Beam Computed
Tomography (CBCT) in orthodontic patients with maxillary transversal hypoplasia undergoing maxillary disjunction.
The influence of factors such as sex, age, and growth pattern on airway volumetric changes was also assessed.
The sample consisted of 50 growing patients from the dental clinic of Cardenal Herrera CEU University of Valencia.
Airway volume was measured in mm3 before treatment (T0) and after palatal disjunction (T1). The final sample
included 37 subjects in the treatment group and 13 in the control group. The volume gained exclusively from the
disjunction treatment was determined to differentiate it from natural growth. The control group showed a mean
volume increase from 10,911.3 ± 1,249.6 mm3 to 13,168.9 ± 1,789.7 mm3, representing a mean increase of 2,257.6
mm3 or + 20.9%. The treatment group exhibited an increase from 14,126.3 ± 4,399.8 mm3 at T0 to 18,064.1 ± 4,565.9
mm3 at T1, corresponding to a gain of 3,937.8 mm3 or + 31.8%. Significant differences in airway volume were
observed after palatal disjunction compared to the control group. The expansion of the maxilla led to a significant
increase in airway volume in the treated patients, estimated at 5,183 mm3 (+ 41.5%).Odontologí
Contribution of Hemogram Plan in the Horse’s Clinical Evaluation
No full textThe interpretation of the blood count is essential to help the equine clinician in the diagnosis, prognosis, patient management, and control of equine diseases. Hematologic alterations often reflect the condition of the individual or an overall response to a pathological situation. A thorough clinical examination of the patient is essential to correctly interpret the hematological results. The most common abnormalities in the erythrogram are mainly anemia and polycythemia. The frequent causes of anemia in horses are acute and chronic blood loss, hemolytic anemia, and anemia caused by chronic disease. Evaluation of leukogram, including a total white cell count, a differential cell count, absolute numbers of specific leukocytes can help identify abnormalities that may suggest specific diseases such as a viral or bacterial infection, inflammatory disorders or even a neoplastic process. The platelet count is most often used to monitor or diagnose conditions that cause too much bleeding related with thrombocytopenia; it can be due to multiple mechanisms such as reduction of thrombopoiesis (myeloptisis, myelofibrosis, myeloproliferative disease, and idiopathic medullary aplasias or due to the effect of mielosuppresive drugs), increased peripheral destruction of platelets (immune mediated thrombocytopenia), consumption (dissemined intravascular coagulation) sequestration of the spleen and loss of platelets by idiopathic origin.Veterinari
Literature and Female Education: the Case of Leticia Valle
Get PDFEl propósito de este artículo es analizar, a través del relato de Rosa Chacel Memorias de Leticia Valle el proceso educativo de una joven preadolescente en contextos formales y no formales en la España de la primera década del s. XX. El comportamiento del personaje femenino evidencia al lector a lo largo de este relato que una educación intelectual no es suficiente para la maduración de la personalidad; debe ir acompañada de un adecuado cultivo de la dimensión afectiva, de la comunicación interpersonal en un ambiente de confianza y de la comprensión de los posibles conflictos interiores para resolverlos durante su crecimiento. Asimismo, el texto narrativo de Rosa Chacel refleja que una relación equilibrada entre educador y educando constituye la base del éxito en la enseñanza-aprendizaje. Como conclusión del análisis de la novela y de su personaje femenino protagonista, consideramos que los textos literarios pueden convertirse para el docente en un medio excelente para mostrar modelos educativos que sirvan de análisis y referente para la educación integral del alumno en la escuela del s. XXI.Using Rosa Chacel’s Memorias de
Leticia Valle this article will analyze both the
formal and non-formal learning process of
a pre-adolescent girl in the first decade of
20th century Spain. The way in which the
female character behaves through this story shows readers that an intellectual education is not enough for an appropriate
personality development, which should go
hand in hand with the nourishment of the
affective aspect, of interpersonal communication in an environment of trust, and of
a true understanding of any possible internal conflict to be able to solve them while
growing up. Rosa Chacel’s narrative text
also reflects that a balanced relationship
between teacher and pupil is the key to
success in the teaching and learning process. As a conclusion of the analysis of the
novel and its main female character, we
believe that literary texts can become an
excellent tool for teachers to show educational models to be used as a source of
analysis and guide for a full fledged education of students in the 21th school.Educació
Analysis of the Influence of Socio-Demographic Variables and Some Nutrition and Lifestyle Habits on Beverage Consumption in the Spanish Population
Get PDFBeverages and drinks play a significant role in maintaining the integral health of individuals.
The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of beverage consumption in different groups of the
Spanish population and to investigate its relationship with other nutritional variables and habits. To
achieve the objectives, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. For
data collection, a questionnaire was designed and validated that explored different beverage and
food consumption variables as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The instrument was
disseminated, among the Spanish young adult population, through snowball sampling using social
networks, collecting a sample of 17,541 valid surveys. Bivariate comparative analyses and correlation
analyses were performed, and finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used in
order to study the relationships between variables related to drinking and health. The main results
show significant differences in the pattern of beverage consumption between the socio-demographic
variables of sex, age and educational level, as well as between different areas of Spain, while the
PCA model shows the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with the
Healthy Nutrition Index of the population and sport practice. Based on the results of the study, the
following conclusions were reached: the beverage consumption pattern of the Spanish population is
affected by socio-demographic variables. Healthier drinking habits affect the nutrition and health of
the population.Nutrición humana y dietétic