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Comparing 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict pathological complete response (pCR) and 3-year invasive disease-free survival (3-y iDFS) in patients (pts) with HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC): An unplanned exploratory analysis of PHERGain trial
Get PDFThe PHERGain phase II trial (1) (NCT03161353) demonstrated the feasibility of
chemotherapy (CT)-free treatment using a PET-based, pCR-adapted strategy in HER2+ EBC
pts treated with dual HER2 blockade (trastuzumab pertuzumab; HP). Due to limited PET
availability, breast MRI is warranted as an alternative tool for assessing early treatment
response.Medicin
Estudio retrospectivo en gatos con síndrome del paracaidista tratados con ácido tranexámico por efusiones cavitarias en el Hospital Veterinario de referencia UCV
Get PDFIntroducción – Los servicios de urgencias veterinarias reciben con gran frecuencia pacientes felinos politraumatizados debido a caídas de considerables metros de altura. Como resultado, los gatos presentan lesiones tales como fracturas de extremidades, neumotórax y laceraciones faciales entre otras. Todo ello se conoce como el síndrome del gato paracaidista. Este estudio retrospectivo tiene como objetivo principal reportar las particularidades clínicas y analíticas en una población de gatos caídos, además de describir el uso de ácido tranexámico como agente antifibrinolítico.
Materiales y métodos – Se realizó una búsqueda de datos de gatos caídos tratados con ácido tranexámico en el Hospital Veterinario UCV en el periodo entre 2019 y 2023. Cuarenta y nueve gatos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión del estudio. Se recogieron sus datos y se realizó un análisis estadístico principalmente descriptivo elaborado con el programa SPSS.
Resultados – El análisis de los datos mostró aspectos relevantes como: lesiones más representadas, siendo neumotórax (73,5%), fracturas de extremidades (48,8%) y sangrado oral (30,6%); supervivencia de la población (91,8%); un ATTS mayor se correlacionó significativamente (p=0,014) con la mortalidad; no se observó relación significativa (p=0,93) entre supervivencia de los pacientes y presencia de líquido libre medido por la escala AFS.
Conclusiones – La mortalidad de los gatos del estudio con sospecha de hemorragias cavitarias y el uso de ácido tranexámico no parece ser superior a la de otros estudios de gatos caídos. Una puntuación elevada en la ATTS se relacionó con una mayor probabilidad de mortalidad en esta población.Introduction – Veterinary emergency services frequently receive polytraumatized feline patients due to falls from considerable heights. As a result, cats present injuries such as limb fractures, pneumothorax and facial lacerations among others. This is known as ¨High-Rise-Syndrome¨. This retrospective study has as main objective to report the clinical and analytical particularities in a population of fallen cats, as well as to describe the use of tranexamic acid as an antifibrinolytic agent.
Materials and methods – Data search of fallen cats treated with tranexamic acid at the UCV Veterinary Hospital in the period between 2019 and 2023. Forty-nine cats met the inclusion criteria for the study. Patient data were collected and a mainly descriptive statistical analysis elaborated with SPSS software was performed.
Results – Data analysis showed relevant aspects such as: most represented injuries, pneumothorax (73,5%), limb fractures (48,8%) and oral bleeding (30,6%); population survival (91,8%); higher ATTS correlated significantly (p=0,014) with mortality; no significant relationship (p=0,93) was observed between survival and presence of free fluid measured by the AFS.
Conclusions – Mortality of study cats with suspected cavitary hemorrhages and use of tranexamic acid does not appear to be higher than in other studies of fallen cats. An elevated ATTS was associated with an increased likelihood of mortality in this population.Veterinari
Efecto del protocolo de refrigeración y de congelación sobre la calidad del semen criocongelado de machos cabríos
Get PDFLa crioconservación del semen caprino desempeña un papel crucial en los programas
de cría y conservación animal. Sin embargo, durante el proceso de congelación y
descongelación, la calidad del semen puede ser afectada debido a la sensibilidad de los
espermatozoides a las bajas temperaturas y a los cambios en la estructura celular. En
este estudio, evaluamos los efectos de diferentes protocolos de enfriamiento y
congelación sobre la calidad del semen caprino congelado-descongelado algunos que
usan infraestructuras más sofisticadas y otros más sencillas. En concreto, se trataba de
determinar el protocolo óptimo de enfriamiento y congelación del semen caprino que
permitiera obtener la máxima calidad del semen descongelado.
Las muestras de semen se sometieron a enfriamiento a 4 °C a velocidad constante en
un baño de agua programable o a velocidad variable en un vaso de precipitados y se
congelaron utilizando un congelador programable o un método que utilizó una caja de
porexpán con pajuelas suspendidas 3 cm sobre nitrógeno líquido. Posteriormente, el
semen congelado se descongeló y se evaluó su calidad mediante el análisis de semen
asistido por ordenador (CASA) y la integridad de la membrana mediante citometría.
Los resultados del análisis estadístico no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los
tratamientos. Esto indica que, en este estudio en particular, los diferentes protocolos de
enfriamiento y congelación no tuvieron un impacto significativo en la calidad del semen
descongelado por lo que puede usarse cualquiera de ellos en función de la
disponibilidad de medios y equipamiento en cada laboratorio.
Con los diferentes protocolos estudiados, se obtiene una calidad in vitro similar del
semen, lo que permite su uso en la creación de bancos de recursos genéticos para
conservar la diversidad genética en las poblaciones caprinas. Sin embargo, se requieren
investigaciones adicionales para determinar si la fertilidad in vivo también es similar
entre los distintos protocolos.The cryopreservation of goat semen plays a crucial role in animal breeding and
conservation programs. However, during the freezing and thawing process, the quality
of the semen can be affected due to the sensitivity of spermatozoa to low temperatures
and changes in cellular structure. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different
cooling and freezing protocols on the quality of frozen-thawed goat semen, some using
more sophisticated infrastructures and others using simpler methods. Specifically, the
aim was to determine the optimal protocol for cooling and freezing goat semen that would
result in the highest quality of thawed semen.
The semen samples were subjected to cooling at a constant speed in a programmable
water bath at 4°C or at a variable speed in a beaker, and then frozen using a
programmable freezer or a method involving a Styrofoam box with straws suspended 3
cm above liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, the frozen semen was thawed, and its quality
was evaluated using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) and membrane integrity
assessment by cytometry.
The results of the statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the
treatments. This indicates that, in this particular study, the different cooling and freezing
protocols did not have a significant impact on the quality of the thawed semen, and thus
any of them can be used depending on the availability of resources and equipment in
each laboratory.
With the different protocols studied, similar in vitro semen quality is obtained, enabling
its use in the creation of genetic resource banks to conserve genetic diversity in goat
populations. However, further research is needed to determine if in vivo fertility is also
similar among the different protocols.Biotecnologí
Herpes labial. Tratamiento con aciclovir o terapia fotodinámica ¿Cómo influyen en la recurrencia de dichas lesiones?. Revisión sistemática
Get PDFSegún la organización mundial de la salud (OMS) se estima que hoy en día hay
aproximadamente 3.700 millones de personas de menos de 50 años (67%) con
infección por el virus del Herpes simple tipo 1 (VHS-1), adquiriéndose
mayoritariamente durante la infancia. Este tipo de virus causa habitualmente
Herpes orofacial, manifestándose como gingivoestomatitis herpética en una
primoinfección y posteriormente, como Herpes labial o intraoral en lesiones
recurrentes. Este patógeno, una vez entra en el cuerpo humano, causa latencia en
el ganglio de Gasser. Se activa ante determinados estímulos internos o externos
que desencadenan en una primera fase, síntomas prodrómicos, que
posteriormente se evidencian como vesículas con un contenido amarillento que
rompen con facilidad. Cursa con dolor, inflamación y repetidos brotes a lo largo del
tiempo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar, a través de la literatura, si
algunos de los tratamientos más utilizados hoy en día como lo son el Aciclovir y la
Terapia Fotodinámica (TFD), favorecen la prevención de dichas recurrencias
durante largos periodos de tiempo. Para ello, se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas
en diferentes bases de datos, obteniéndose en los estudios variabilidad de
resultados que evaluaban parámetros como el dolor, el tiempo de exposición y
cicatrización de las lesiones. Ambas técnicas terapéuticas presentan efectividad en
el tratamiento de los síntomas, pero no en la prevención de los brotes. No obstante,
la TFD que es un método poco invasivo y selectivo, aunque no prevenga las
recurrencias en el curso de esta enfermedad, parece ser que sí las reduce
significativamente.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that today there
are approximately 3,700 million people under 50 years of age (67%) with herpes
simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, mostly acquired during the childhood. This
type of virus usually causes orofacial herpes, manifesting as herpetic
gingivostomatitis in a primary infection and later, as labial or intraoral herpes in
recurrent lesions. This pathogen, once it enters the human body, causes latency in
the Gasserian ganglion. It is activated by certain internal or external stimuli that
trigger prodromal symptoms in the first phase, which later become evident as
vesicles with yellowish content that break easily. It presents with pain, inflammation
and repeated flare-ups over time. The objective of this work is to review, through the
literature, if some of the most used treatments today, such as Aciclovir and
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), favor the prevention of such recurrences for long
periods of time. For this, bibliographic searches were carried out in different
databases, obtaining variability of results in the studies that evaluated parameters
such as pain, exposure time and healing of the lesions. Both therapeutic techniques
are effective in treating symptoms, but not in preventing outbreaks. However, PDT,
which is a minimally invasive and selective method, although it does not prevent
recurrences in the course of this disease, seems to reduce them significantly.Odontologí
Learning from history. Deconstructing the charge-and-discharge system within an accountability context
Get PDFThe charge-and-discharge system was widely used throughout previous centuries and in all types of institutions, but the variables that shape accountability arrangements have not been analysed systematically in a comprehensive way. This study provides an extensive survey of charge-and-discharge accounting across a wide time frame (from the Roman Empire to the nineteenth century), a range of institutions (government, aristocratic, church, business and so forth), and a range of countries. Such large-scale comparisons benefit researchers who are focusing on a single time period, region, or institutional type. Our main objective is to decompose the charge-and-discharge system and classify its elements in terms of cause-and-effect relationships. We adopt a qualitative methodology to identify the features, the cause-and-effect relationships, and the spheres in which meaning is perceived (accounting, institutions, and society). Based on our results, we conclude that the charge-and-discharge system is a multivariable and multicausal phenomenon used in the context of delegated management, which acquires greater relevance as a mechanism of accountability. Charge-and-discharge involves an obligation to explain and justify one’s conduct. Our objective is to open further discussion in an accountability context and facilitate future in-depth studies that reveal the development, processes, and effects of accountability within the accounting, institutional and social context across space and time.Administración y Dirección de Empresa
The Path Towards Effective Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Policies: Recommended Actions
Get PDFThe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial burden worldwide. After over six decades of
research, there is finally a licensed immunization option that can protect the broad infant population,
and other will follow soon. RSV immunization should be in place from season 2023/2024 onwards. Doing
so requires thoughtful but swift steps. This paper reflects the view of four immunization experts on
the efforts being made across the globe to accommodate the new immunization options and provides
recommendations organized around five priorities: (I) documenting the burden of RSV in specific popu-
lations; (II) expanding RSV diagnostic capacity in clinical practice; (III) strengthening RSV surveillance;
(IV) planning for the new preventive options; (V) achieving immunization targets. Overall, Spain has
been a notable example of converting RSV prevention into a national desideratum and has pioneered the
inclusion of RSV in some of the regional immunization calendars for infants facing their first RSV season.Sanofi has funded the medical writing and editorial support of
this manuscript. The authors were not paid for writing the publication.Medicin
Superando la última gran barrera para la inclusión educativa: el capacitismo en las aulas de magisterio
No full textEn esta propuesta se presentan los resultados de investigación sobre el capacitismo en el alumnado de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación, así como el impacto que la formación en el Modelo de la Diversidad (Palacios y Romañach, 2006) y en el Paradigma de la Neurodiversidad (Singer, 1998) tienen sobre dicho de creencias, valores y prácticas.Antropologí
Analysis of the Psychosocial Sphere of Older Adults in Extreme Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon
Get PDFThe situation of social exclusion in which older adults live in extreme poverty is a problem that leads to psychological alterations such as depression or cognitive deterioration. Our objective was to analyze the living conditions and the psychosocial sphere of older adult people living in extreme poverty in Requena del Tapiche in Peru. This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sixty participants between 60 and 100 years of age of both sexes were included who gave their informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, and the Gijón, family Apgar, Yesavage, and Pfeiffer scales were used. The sample was composed of 55% women and 45% men, with a mean age of 79.2 years (SD 6.67). More than half live alone or with their spouse. Fifty-seven percent sleep on the floor or on wood, and about 82% do not have safe water. Family dysfunction is found in 40%, and 98% are at social risk or with an established social problem and a precarious economic situation. More than 60% suffer from depressive symptoms, which are more frequent in women. We conclude that older adults perceive deficient family support, observing a deteriorated social situation. Most of them are at risk of social exclusion and loneliness, making them more vulnerable. They show sadness, with a high rate of depression. People with more cognitive impairment live alone, and those in social exclusion suffer a higher degree of depression. More cooperative projects and health promotion interventions developed in the peripheral neighborhoods of Requena del Tapiche are needed to improve the impact on the health of older adult people in extreme poverty.The publication costs of this work have been financed by the Catholic University of Valencia under grant 2023-275-001.Medicin
Clinical, histological, and molecular differences in melanoma due to different TERT promoter mutations subtypes. A retrospective cross‐sectional study in 684 melanoma patients
No full textDifferences in survival according to the pTERT mutation subtypes (−124C > T, −146C > T, and tandem −138_139CC > TT) have been observed. The present study aimed to describe the clinical as the histopathological and molecular cutaneous melanoma features according to the presence of the three most prevalent pTERT mutation subtypes (−124C > T, −146C > T, and tandem −138_139CC > TT). A retrospective cross‐sectional study including 684 patients was designed, and a Partial Least‐Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) was performed. After the PSL‐DA, it was observed that the tandem −138_139CC > TT subtype differs from the other subtypes. The model demonstrated that the −124C > T and the −138_139 CC > TT subtypes were associated with fast‐growing melanomas (OR 0.5, CI 0.29–0.86, p = .012) and with Breslow >2 mm (OR 0.6, CI 0.37–0.97, p = .037), compared to the −146C > T mutation. Finally, the −124C > T appeared to be more associated with the presence of TILs (non‐brisk) than the −146C > T (OR 0.6, CI 0.40–1.01, p = .05). These findings confirmed that the −124C > T and the tandem −138_139 CC > TT subtypes are both highly associated with the presence of features of aggressiveness; however, only the −124C > T was highly associated with TILs. This difference could explain the worse survival rate associated with the tandem −138_139CC > TT mutations.Medicin
Interconectando culturas a través de la performance: una aproximación analítica transoceánica
No full textLas propuestas didácticas para la nueva sociedad del conocimiento están destinadas a revolucionar el proceso educativo, potenciando las habilidades y competencias necesarias para enfrentar los desafíos del siglo XXI. Al aprovechar las herramientas tecnológicas y enfocarse en la personalización y relevancia del aprendizaje, se busca formar individuos capaces de adaptarse y contribuir de manera significativa en esta era de constante cambio y evolución. De este modo, a lo largo de este libro se pueden observar diferentes publicaciones a través de las cuales se exponen propuestas didácticas que abarcan multitud de temas y área diferentes. Además, estas van destinadas a todas las etapas educativas o a determinados grupos concretos dentro de la educación, cubriendo así el amplio espectro de casuísticas que pueden encontrarse en la realidad educativa. El objetivo principal es dar a conocer experiencias reales y propuestas que den respuesta a las necesidades y los retos existentes en la comunidad educativa. Todo esto con la finalidad de poder avanzar y conseguir una educación de mayor calidad, innovadora y que apueste por la investigación, el cambio y la constante actualización.Educació