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Consumer Arbitration System: some «smart» proposals de lege ferenda
Get PDFSiendo importante el paso de los Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) a los
Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) de primera generación, con la incorporación en
los primeros de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), mucho
más lo es la incorporación de la inteligencia artificial a la resolución extrajudicial
de conflictos y la aparición de los smart ODR. En este sentido, el presente trabajo
analiza la posible puesta en práctica de la inteligencia artificial en el Sistema
Arbitral de Consumo, efectuando una serie de propuestas en la aplicación de esta
como herramienta asistencial y analizando su posible utilización como
herramienta decisoria. Asimismo, las aludidas propuestas se acompañan de otras
propuestas «inteligentes», que también consideramos adecuadas propuestas de
mejora en el actual contexto de fomento de los ADR y de la llamada Cuarta
Revolución Industrial (4.0).While the transition from Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to first generation
Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) is important, with the incorporation of the
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the former, much more
important is the incorporation of artificial intelligence in the extrajudicial
resolution of conflicts and the emergence of smart ODR. In this sense, this paper
analyses the possible implementation of artificial intelligence in Consumer
Arbitration System, making a series of proposals for its application as a welfare
tool and analysing its possible use as a decision-making tool. Likewise, these
proposals are accompanied by other «smart» proposals that we consider
appropriate proposals in the current context of promoting ADR and of the so-
called Fourth Industrial Revolution (4.0).Derech
La figura del bróker como antihéroe: Reflexiones éticas del personaje cinematográfico
No full textEn este trabajo se estudia la transcendencia que adquiere el cine como transmisor del comportamiento de la persona y de su interacción con el entorno socio-económico. En esta línea de investigación, se seleccionan una serie de películas cinematográficas que presentan una visión actual de un problema de índole global, como fue la crisis real y financiera del año 2008. En el estudio de estos films existen diversas consideraciones que pueden ser de interés para su reflexión desde un punto de vista ético.Administración y Dirección de Empresa
Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFMeaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) has been found to be effective in improving meaning in life and increasing fulfillment in participants with cancer. However, to date, no previous studies have compared MCP with evidence-based treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The aim of this study was to analyze the differential efficacy of MCP, compared to CBT, in participants with cancer. The study is a randomized controlled trial with 76 participants, n = 41 (MCP) and n = 35 (CBT). At posttreatment, the MCP intervention for cancer survivors was more effective than CBT in increasing the presence of meaning in life, purpose and meaning in life, and life goals. Moreover, our results showed that, at posttreatment and the 6-month follow-up, MCP and CBT were similarly effective in improving depression and developing posttraumatic growth. This study suggests that MCP could be more effective than CBT in improving meaning in life, purpose, and life goals, and equally effective as CBT in improving depression and posttraumatic growth, in cancer survivors.Medicin
Editorial: Ketogenic diets for cognitive and behavioral function
Get PDFResources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization,
Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. MG-P:
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding
acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration,
Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization,
Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. MC-B:
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding
acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration,
Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization,
Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. GC-E:
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding
acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration,
Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization,
Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. MB:
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding
acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration,
Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization,
Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.Neurodegenerative diseases represent a broad set of pathologies, based on the
progressive death of neurons in different regions of the nervous system. Given the
complexity of the nervous system, manifestations depending on the affected area are
numerous and diverse. Prominent among these is the potential impairment of movement,
memory, language, cognition, and learning, causing patients to suffer deterioration in their
quality of life and autonomy.
However, despite being incurable diseases, in recent years the importance of diet
in improving the prognosis of these pathologies has been highlighted. Among these,
ketogenic diets stand out as they are able to counteract the pathogenic processes that
characterize neurodegeneration, such as high oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy
abnormalities at the mitochondrial level. Therefore, they are increasingly being used as
complements to treatments, especially because of the benefits evidenced at the cognitive
and emotional levelsMedicin
Eco-chic or trendy-chic? Decoding consumer preferences in sustainable and fast fashion across the EU
Get PDFThe ongoing transformation of the fashion industry is driven by an increasing focus on
sustainability, ethical practices, and responsible consumer behavior. Simultaneously, social media
platforms have emerged as influential forces in this field, shaping fashion trends and consumer
preferences. Despite a substantial body of literature investigating consumer preferences between fast
and sustainable fashion, a gap in understanding the intricate relationship between fashion preferences,
socio-economic profiling, and social media engagement is evident. Thus, this research was aimed at
comparatively decoding EU consumers' preferences for fast fashion against sustainable fashion by
exploring the interplay of demographic factors ‒ age, gender, and geographical location ‒ on fashion
preferences, as expressed through the digital engagement with fashion-related content on the Meta
social platforms. The research methodology implied resorting to logistic regression analysis, aiming to
uncover the underlying patterns that fundamentally characterize consumers' preferences for fashion in
the EU. The results provide novel insights into how digital engagement with fashion-related content can
act as a barometer for regional fashion identities and preferences, useful for the identification of both
convergence and inflection points. Moreover, findings offer a robust foundation for crafting strategies
that promote sustainable fashion practices, tailored to specific EU age, gender, and location
demographics, by leveraging the insights gained about EU consumer preferences.Marketing y Empres
Análisis comparativo del Practicum en dos modalidades de Magisterio desde la perspectiva de los profesores
Get PDFLos profesores de Magisterio son testigos de excepción de los efectos que producen las Prácticas en su actitud frente al estudio y su formación competencial como futuros maestros. Se presentan aquí los resultados referidos a los profesores de un estudio más amplio que valoraba la comparación entre dos planes de Magisterio desde el punto de vista de los alumnos, profesores y tutores de los colegios. Uno de los planes es el denominado Plan de Innovación Metodológica de Magisterio (PIMM). Plan de creado por la Universidad Católica de Valencia que da una preponderancia al tiempo de estancia en los centros escolares a lo largo de todos los cursos escolares de la carrera universitaria. Esta reflexión da pie a una nueva investigación basada en las diferencias metodológicas necesarias para desarrollar correctamente un plan apoyado en gran medida en el Practicum. Asimismo, se da pie al análisis sobre la utilización que los profesores hacen de la experiencia que los alumnos tienen en el desarrollo del Practicum.Educació
Desarrollo de nuevos elementos antimicrobianos de protección individual: mascarillas, pantallas faciales y crema labial antimicrobiana
No full textEl mundo se ha enfrentado de forma reciente a grandes desafíos como la pandemia de la
enfermedad infecciosa del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por el patógeno
Síndrome Respiratorio Severo Agudo Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Está ampliamente
aceptado que las mascarillas y las pantallas faciales son herramientas de protección
eficaces para evitar la transmisión bacteriana y viral entre personas. Sin embargo, estos
utensilios de protección están fabricados de materiales que carecen de propiedades de
inactivación frente a virus como el SARS-CoV-2 o bacterias resistentes a antibióticos. En
este contexto, en este trabajo se han desarrollado novedosas tecnologías que dotan a los
materiales de protección individual de propiedades antimicrobianas frente a virus con y
sin envoltura o frente a bacterias resistentes a antibióticos. De este modo, en este estudio
se ha desarrollado una tecnología basada en un amonio cuaternario como el cloruro de
benzalconio aplicado a filtros de mascarilla y pantallas de protección facial. Este
compuesto dota a los materiales de protección de capacidad antiviral frente a virus con
envoltura como el bacteriófago Phi6 o el SARS-CoV-2. Además, protege también a los
usuarios frente a bacterias resistentes a antibióticos como la Staphylococcus aureus o la
Staphylococcus epidermidis resistentes a meticilina. También se ha desarrollado una
tecnología de bajo coste basada en jabón solidificado que es eficaz contra virus con
envoltura sin resultar tóxica para las células epiteliales humanas. Por otro lado, se ha
desarrollado una nueva tecnología antimicrobiana basada en un compuesto natural y
biodegradable como es el extracto de arándanos rojo. Este extracto contiene
proantocianidinas, las cuales son unas moléculas que han demostrado ser efectivas en la
inactivación de virus con envoltura y bacterias Grampositivas resistentes a meticilina.
Además, la no toxicidad de este compuesto fue demostrada con el organismo modelo
Caenorhabditis elegans. Por último, se ha llevado a cabo el desarrollo de una crema labial
antimicrobiana basada en extractos naturales de arándanos rojos. Esta crema permite
formar una barrera protectora en la vía de entrada de microorganismos que protege contra
virus con y sin envoltura, contra bacterias Gram positivas y Gram negativas y también
contra infecciones causadas por hongos.
Los materiales desarrollados en este trabajo pueden ayudar en la lucha contra la actual
pandemia del COVID-19 o en futuras pandemias ofreciendo una novedosa forma de
protección contra una amplia variedad de microorganismos patógenos.The world has recently faced big challenges such as the Coronavirus disease (COVID-
19) pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-
2) pathogen. It is widely accepted that face masks and face shields are effective
protective tools to prevent bacterial and viral transmission between people. However,
these protective utensils are made of materials than lack of inactivation properties against
viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this context, in this work,
novel technologies have been developed that provide personal protective equipment with
antimicrobial properties against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses or against
multidrug-resistant bacteria. Thus, in this study, a technology based on a quaternary
ammonium such as benzalkonium chloride has been developed applied to mask filters
and face shields. This compound provides protective materials with antiviral capacity
against enveloped viruses such as bacteriophage Phi6 or SARS-CoV-2. In addition, it also
protects users against multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. A low-cost
technology based on solidified hand soap has also been developed that is effective against
enveloped viruses without being toxic to human epithelial cells. On the other hand, a new
antimicrobial technology has been developed based on a natural and biodegradable
compound such as cranberry extract. This extract contains proanthocyanidins, which are
molecules that have been shown to be effective in the inactivation of enveloped viruses
and methicillin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the non-toxicity of this
compound was demonstrated with the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally,
the development of an antimicrobial lipstick based on natural extracts of cranberries has
been carried out. This cream allows to form a protective barrier in the entry route of
microorganisms that protect against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, against Grampositive
and Gram-negative bacteria and against infections caused by fungi.
The materials developed in this work can help in the fight against the current COVID-19
pandemic or in possible future pandemics by offering a novel form of protection against
a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms.BiotecnologíaCiencias de la Vida y del Medio Natura
Content and vices of consent of the Law of 'only yes means yes'
Get PDFEl presente trabajo pretende profundizar algunos aspectos controvertidos sobre el consentimiento
de la Ley del ‘solo sí es sí”. En concreto se analizarán las características que deberá tener dicho
consentimiento para tener validez, los distintos vicios que pueda tener, así como las consecuencias
jurídicas de tales vicios. Para ello estudiaremos distintos autores que han tratado esta institución,
conjuntamente con jurisprudencia al respecto, e intentaremos aportar algo de luz a este elemento
clave de la tipicidad en los delitos contra la libertad sexual ―primera conclusión de este estudio―.
Siguiendo con las conclusiones, el consentimiento supone un elemento de eliminación de la
tipicidad de los delitos contra la libertad sexual siempre que se formule con todos los elementos
para su validez. Asimismo, el consentimiento en modo alguno será valido si cuenta con algún vicio
de los señalados en el artículo 178 del Código penal. Además, tanto la concurrencia de un
consentimiento válido como de los vicios de este debe ser objeto de prueba en cada uno de los
procesos por delitos contra la libertad sexual.The present work aims to delve into some controversial aspects about the consent of the Law of
'only yes means yes'. Specifically, the characteristics that said consent must have to be valid, the
different defects it may have, as well as the legal consequences of such defects will be analyzed. To
do this, we will study different authors who have dealt with this institution, together with
jurisprudence in this regard, and we will try to shed some light on this key element of the typical
nature of crimes against sexual freedom - the first conclusion of this study. Continuing with the
conclusions, consent represents an element of eliminating the typicity of crimes against sexual
freedom as long as it is formulated with all the elements for its validity. Likewise, consent will in no
way be valid if it has any of the defects indicated in article 178 of the Penal Code. Furthermore, both
the existence of valid consent and its defects must be proven in each of the proceedings for crimes
against sexual freedom.Derech
Evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoide mediante ecografía carotídea en adición a la estimación clásica
No full textIntroducción: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune
sistémica crónica que va más allá de la inflamación articular. Una de las
comorbilidades principales en pacientes con AR es el incremento del riesgo
cardiovascular (RCV). A pesar de la reconocida conexión entre AR y el RCV, los
mecanismos subyacentes no están completamente claros. Esta brecha en la
comprensión resalta la necesidad de estudios adicionales para optimizar la
atención y prevención en esta población vulnerable.
Objetivo: Evaluar el RCV en pacientes con AR mediante el empleo de la
ecografía de carótidas en adición a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles transversal incluyendo
pacientes con AR y controles voluntarios sin historia de eventos
cardiovasculares. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre julio de 2019 y enero de 2020.
Se excluyeron individuos con edad por encima de los 75 años, enfermedad
cardiovascular establecida y/o enfermedad renal crónica.
Resultados: En total, se incluyeron 200 pacientes con AR y 111 controles. Las
variables demográficas y clínicas fueron comparables entre los grupos de
estudio. Se halló correlación entre la edad, el IMC y la presencia de hipertensión
arterial en ambos grupos. Los pacientes con AR evidenciaron un mayor grosor
íntima-media y una mayor presencia de placas en el estudio de ecografía
carotídea respecto a los controles guardando relación con una mayor duración
de la enfermedad y el DAS28. La prevalencia de aterosclerosis subclínica
estimada por ecografía carotídea fue aproximadamente dos veces mayor en los
pacientes con AR que la observada en los controles, emparejados por edad,
sexo y FRCV clásicos.
Conclusiones: La ecografía carotídea permite estimar de forma más precisa el
RCV en pacientes con AR, y debe considerarse como una herramienta valiosa
en este sentido. En pacientes con AR es necesario un control estricto de la
inflamación desde su diagnóstico, junto con el manejo intensivo de los FRCV
tradicionales.Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune
disease that extends beyond joint inflammation. One of the major comorbidities
in RA patients is an increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). Despite the recognized
connection between RA and CVR, the underlying mechanisms are not fully
understood. This gap in understanding highlights the need for further studies to
optimize care and prevention in this vulnerable population.
Objective: To assess the CVR in RA patients using carotid ultrasound in addition
to classic cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted, including RA
patients and volunteer controls without a history of cardiovascular events. The
study was carried out between July 2019 and January 2020. Individuals over 75
years old, with established cardiovascular disease and/or chronic kidney disease
were excluded.
Results: A total of 200 RA patients and 111 controls were included. Demographic
and clinical variables were comparable between study groups. A correlation was
found between age, BMI, and the presence of hypertension in both groups. RA
patients showed a greater intima-media thickness and a higher presence of
plaques in carotid ultrasound compared to controls, related to longer disease
duration and higher DAS28 scores. The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis
estimated by carotid ultrasound was approximately twice as high in RA patients
than in controls, matched for age, sex, and classic CVRF.
Conclusions: Carotid ultrasound allows for a more accurate estimation of CVR
in RA patients and should be considered a valuable tool in this regard. In RA
patients, strict control of inflammation from diagnosis, along with intensive
management of traditional CVRFs, is necessary.MedicinaCiencias de la Salu
COVID-19 and young people in Spain. The emergence of values education as a strategy for civic responsibility
No full textThe impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has provoked a series of consequences all over the world, especially in young people. On the other hand, this sector of the population has shown an evident and baffling increased failure to comply with public health measures put in place, which has had a knock-on effect on the number of infections detected. These attitudes have resulted in repeated calls by bodies such as the World Health Organisation to remember the risks of this kind of behaviour for the wider community. In Spain, this scenario has been noteworthy in the 15 to 29 age group, with 20% of individuals becoming infected. In view of this, there is an unarguable need to rethink civic responsibility. This study carries out a review of the educational laws in this country by performing an analysis on how civic responsibility has been addressed at curricular level.Educació