NUPI Research Online (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs)
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Trade barriers or trade facilitators? The heterogeneous impact of food standards in international trade
Get PDFRecent research shows that the effect of food standards can beheterogeneous across sectors or countries: theysometimes act as barriers to trade, but in other cases may lead to increased trade. I present empirical evidence on Norwegian seafood export showing that foreign food standards, measured by SPS notificationsto the WTO, generallyhave a negative impact on total exports, the number of exporters and their average exports. However, for fresh seafood,there is a positive counteracting effect. I present a theoretical explanation for this, suggesting that food standards reduce consumer uncertainty about quality and safety and therefore increase demand.Trade barriers or trade facilitators? The heterogeneous impact of food standards in international tradepublishedVersio
Kvifor forhandle fred? Ein analyse av forhandlingsstart i den væpna konflikten i Colombia
Get PDFpublishedVersio
Kunstig intelligens, roboter og fremtidens krigføring - en revolusjon?
Get PDFDette er den første rapporten fra et omfattende prosjekt som søker å
gi en bedre forståelse av forholdet mellom teknologi, krig og samfunn,
med et spesielt henblikk på utviklingen av nye teknologier, fremtidens
forventede krigføring, og hvilke konsekvenser dette vil ha for
samfunnene våre. Denne rapporten har til hensikt å sondere terrenget,
snarere enn å komme med klare anbefalinger og konkrete svar. Formålet
er heller å stille spørsmål og komme opp med problemstillinger som
synes relevante for videre diskusjon og forskning.publishedVersio
Introduction: Civil Society, Public Debate and Natural Resource Management
Get PDFIn: Overland I. (ed.) Public Brainpower. (2018)publishedVersio
Tre grunner til at Norge bør med i FNs sikkerhetsråd
Get PDFNorge har meldt seg på i kampen om en plass i FNs Sikkerhetsråd i 2021-2022. Kronikken presenterer 3 grunner til at Norge bør med i Sikkerhetsrådet.Tre grunner til at Norge bør med i FNs sikkerhetsrådpublishedVersio
Implementation in practice: The use of force to protect civilians in United Nations peacekeeping
Get PDFSince the failures of the United Nations of the early 1990s, the protection of civilians has evolved as a new norm for United Nations peacekeeping operations. However, a 2014 United Nations report found that while peacekeeping mandates often include the use of force to protect civilians, this has routinely been avoided by member states. What can account for this gap between the apparently solid normative foundations of the protection of civilians and the wide variation in implementation? This article approaches the question by highlighting normative ambiguity as a fundamental feature of international norms. Thereby, we consider implementation as a political, dynamic process where the diverging understandings that member states hold with regard to the protection of civilians norm manifest and emerge. We visualize this process in combining a critical-constructivist approach to norms with practice theories. Focusing on the practices of member states’ military advisers at the United Nations headquarters in New York, and their positions on how the protection of civilians should be implemented on the ground, we draw attention to their agency in norm implementation at an international site. Military advisers provide links between national ministries and contingents in the field, while also competing for being recognized as competent performers of appropriate implementation practices. Drawing on an interpretivist analysis of data generated through an online survey, a half-day workshop and interviews with selected delegations, the article adds to the understanding of norms in international relations while also providing empirical insights into peacekeeping effectiveness.Implementation in practice: The use of force to protect civilians in United Nations peacekeepingpublishedVersio
Rival priorities in the Sahel – finding the balance between security and development
Get PDFThe G5 Sahel initiative goes some way to make up for the lack of supranational coordination in the troubled Sahel region. If moulded in the interests of development, it could bring about positive change. But the initiative risks becoming yet another excuse to get more ‘boots on the ground’, if external stakeholders place too much emphasis on fighting terror and stopping migration.publishedVersio
EU climate and energy policy: new challenges for old energy suppliers
Get PDFThis chapter is a product of the EUNOR project, financed by the Research Council of Norway’s programme ‘Europe in Transition (EUROPA)’, and theRusCasp project, financed by the Research Council of Norway’s programme PETROSAMpublishedVersio
International Cybersecurity: Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
Get PDFTikk and Kerttunen inform new entrants and nonparticipating governments of the discussions and outcomes of the UN First Committee Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) and discuss prospects for the 2019/2020 GGE. They explain why the Group will not able to provide answers to practical cybersecurity issues facing the majority of states. The authors call states to critically review their reasons for and expectations towards the UN First Committee dialogue on international cybersecurity.International Cybersecurity: Orchestral Manoeuvres in the DarkpublishedVersio
Cyber Security Capacity Building in Myanmar
Get PDFDigitalization is exposing developing countries to a growing number of risks, as well as opportunities associated with connecting to the Internet. Myanmar stands out as a critical case of both the pitfalls and the benefits Internet connection can bring. Amidst a political transition from military rule to a functioning democracy Myanmar is adding ICT to key areas like banking and e-government. Having been one of the least connected countries in the world only five years ago the country is now connecting to the Internet at an unprecedented pace, with little or no institutions in place to ensure the transition goes smoothly. Using the framework of Cyber Security Capacity Building (CCB) we examine the risks and potential benefits of Myanmar’s embracement of digital technologies.Cyber Security Capacity Building in MyanmarpublishedVersio