NUPI Research Online (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs)
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From careful participant to budding partner: China in the Sustainable Development Agenda
Get PDFThis brief is part of a larger project on China and the international Sustainable Development
Agenda funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Framework Agreement No 14/9422).China is an increasingly active player in the Sustainable Development Agenda. It has staked out a national Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) plan that stresses comprehensive development with serious consideration to environmental issues. Internationally, China’s development role is growing, manifested through increasing trade, aid, and investment and a stronger position within many international organizations. China uses SDG-related activities to promote and align its domestic and international development interests.publishedVersio
China’s role in the Sustainable Development Agenda: Considerations for Norway
Get PDFChina’s role as an international development actor is growing, with real and increasing potential to impact Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). On some issues, Chinese initiatives align well with Norwegian interests, but China’s approach to development also diverges on some key practices and norms. While Chinese international efforts meet mixed reactions, Norway should stake out its own course for when and how to engage with China over SDGs.publishedVersio
Russian approaches to military technology. The Northern dimension
Get PDFThis policy brief is part of the project “Theory and technology. New framework for Norwegian security and defence policy (TEOTEK)”, financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Defence.This policy brief presents the main findings of a project on Russian approaches to technological challenges, and the implications for security developments in the High North. It begins by examining the Russian debate on the technological challenges identified as posing a threat to national security by the country’s policymakers. Next, it explores how these challenges have been dealt with by Russia in the post-2014 context, paying special attention to developments in the field of military technology and how President Putin has taken advantage of these to address questions of strategic balance. Finally, the brief sets out the strategic implications for Norway, as NATO’s representative in this northern corner and Russia’s direct neighbour.publishedVersio
Age of Marriage and Women's Political Engagement: Evidence from India
Get PDFAlthough decades have passed since most women in the democratic world gained the right to vote and run for election, a large gender gap in political participation persists, particularly in developing countries. This short paper considers an important—and previously overlooked—factor limiting the political engagement of many women in the developing world: marriage age. Drawing on nationally representative data from India and instrumenting marriage age with menarche age, we find delaying marriage has substantial positive effects on women’s everyday political participation. A standard deviation increase in marriage age makes a woman 25 percent more likely to attend local council meetings, and 8 percent more likely to discuss politics with her husband. Exploring mechanisms, we show that education and time—rather than employment, mobility, and household decision-making power—appear to be the main channels. These findings underscore the critical role of early marriage in impeding women’s participation in the political sphere.publishedVersio
Ad hoc coalitions and institutional exploitation in international security: towards a typology
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Hacking democracy: managing influence campaigns and disinformation in the digital age
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Fra «fiskebrevet» til EØS: Betydningen av toll for norsk sjømateksport til EU
Get PDFEn «tollens arkeologi» viser hvordan dagens toll for norsk sjømat er basert på ulike handelsavtaler inngått med EU over 50 år. Videre tallfestes den økonomiske virkningen av toll og tollkvoter med EØS, EU-medlemskap eller bortfall av EØS. Handelsavtalene reduserte tollen fra 2,3 til en milliard NOK i 2018. EØS-avtalen sto for 2/3 av tollinnsparingen, mens «fiskebrevet» fra 1973 utgjorde mindre enn 1/10. Bortfall av EØS kan føre til et eksporttap på inntil mer enn tre milliarder kroner for fangstnæringen, mens EU-medlemskap kan bety økt eksport, særlig for oppdrettsnæringen.Fra «fiskebrevet» til EØS: Betydningen av toll for norsk sjømateksport til EUpublishedVersio
Political Change, Women’s Rights, and Public Opinion on Gender Equality in Myanmar
Get PDFMyanmar’s introduction of competitive elections after decades of military rule raised expectations for progress in economic and social development, including in the area of women’s rights. In this paper, we draw on data from two national surveys, interviews, and existing qualitative studies to explore public opinion on women’s rights and gender equality. Do Burmese people support gender equality? How are their views on gender related to other aspects of political culture, such as traditional values and views toward authoritarianism and democracy? Our objective is to gain better understanding of the opportunities and obstacles to egalitarian social change and democratic consolidation. Our analysis of survey data reveals that attitudes toward gender roles are conservative, traditional and anti-democratic beliefs are widespread, and these views are strongly associated. Our findings imply that tendencies in public opinion provide a resource for Burmese nationalist groups and politicians and an obstacle to activists seeking greater alignment with global norms on gender equality.acceptedVersio
Doing Less With More? The Difficult ‘Return’ of Western Troop Contributing Countries to United Nations Peacekeeping
Get PDFAmong others, the deployment of the UN stabilization mission to Mali (MINUSMA) in 2013 has been characterized by a number of researchers as a ‘return’ of Western troop contributors to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping in Africa. The aim of this report is to look at the reality of that ‘return,’ and whether it has enhanced the effectiveness of UN peacekeeping overall and of the UN mission in Mali in particular. In policy and academic circles, the return has been hailed as an opportunity for Western member states to contribute niche capabilities such as ISRs including surveillance drones, military transport and attack helicopters, special forces, and to share experiences and practices developed over a long period of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism warfare in e.g. Afghanistan and Iraq. In Mali, the UN mission is mired in a situation where these experiences were considered as relevant, all the more so as some considered that new UN peacekeeping missions could be deployed to Libya, Somalia, Syria, or in Yemen, thereby making Mali a key testing ground for the future from this perspective. However, while Western countries may indeed have lessons to share, the report argues that so far their contribution to MINUSMA has been a very mixed blessing. The report explores these challenges and impact of them on the effectiveness of UN peacekeeping, defined as the ability to sustain peace over time.publishedVersio
Malaysia: How to Scale Up Investment in Renewable Energy
Get PDFMalaysia set a target of 20% renewables in the energy mix by 2025, an 18% increase from the 2% it had in 2018. One of the planned measures is the development of large-scale solar power. To reach the target, it will be necessary to attract a total of USD 8 billion of renewable energy investment during this period. Considering the fact that Malaysia attracted only USD 2.5 billion from 2006 to 2018, the country will need to attract USD 1.3 billion on average every year from 2019. To achieve this, it will need to undertake serious reform measures to improve the investment climate for renewables and conditions for renewable energy deployment. Given the ever-increasing global competition for renewable energy investment, the rapid implementation of such reforms becomes an imperative. This in turn requires strong governance. We propose five actions that can improve the attractiveness of Malaysia’s investment climate for renewable energy to 2025 and beyond: reform energy governance in favour of renewable energy; ensure streamlined management of the regulatory framework for renewable energy; develop a framework for easier grid connection and use; enhance awareness-raising measures for investors; make market entry easy and attractive.This policy brief is a product of the ASEAN Climate Change and Energy Project (ACCEPT) ACCEPT is funded by the Norwegian Government under the Norwegian-ASEAN Regional Integration Programme (NARIP) and is jointly implemented by the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) and the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI).publishedVersio