Folkehelseinstituttet
Not a member yet
10872 research outputs found
Sort by
Familial confounding or measurement error? How to interpret findings from sibling and co-twin control studies
Get PDFEpidemiological researchers often examine associations between risk factors and health outcomes in non-experimental designs. Observed associations may be causal or confounded by unmeasured factors. Sibling and co-twin control studies account for familial confounding by comparing exposure levels among siblings (or twins). If the exposure-outcome association is causal, the siblings should also differ regarding the outcome. However, such studies may sometimes introduce more bias than they alleviate. Measurement error in the exposure may bias results and lead to erroneous conclusions that truly causal exposure-outcome associations are confounded by familial factors. The current study used Monte Carlo simulations to examine bias due to measurement error in sibling control models when the observed exposure-outcome association is truly causal. The results showed that decreasing exposure reliability and increasing sibling-correlations in the exposure led to deflated exposure-outcome associations and inflated associations between the family mean of the exposure and the outcome. The risk of falsely concluding that causal associations were confounded was high in many situations. For example, when exposure reliability was 0.7 and the observed sibling-correlation was r = 0.4, about 30–90% of the samples (n = 2,000) provided results supporting a false conclusion of confounding, depending on how p-values were interpreted as evidence for a family effect on the outcome. The current results have practical importance for epidemiological researchers conducting or reviewing sibling and co-twin control studies and may improve our understanding of observed associations between risk factors and health outcomes. We have developed an app (SibSim) providing simulations of many situations not presented in this paper.Familial confounding or measurement error? How to interpret findings from sibling and co-twin control studiespublishedVersio
Patient perspectives on infection prevention and control in cancer care: a survey of knowledge and attitudes among persons with cancer and their next of kin
Get PDFpublishedVersio
Process Evaluation of Teaching Critical Thinking About Health Using the Informed Health Choices Intervention in Kenya: A Mixed Methods Study
Get PDFpublishedVersionpublishedVersio
High frequency electromagnetic fields- a summary on potential health effects : Protocol for an umbrella review
No full textFra den spede innføringen av trådløs kommunikasjonsteknologi med 1G tidlig på 80tallet, har det vært en rivende utvikling i de siste tjue årene med utvikling av 2G, 3G og 4G. Bruken av mobiltelefoni har økt betraktelig, og nå bygges nettverk for 5G som tas fortløpende i bruk. Teknologien bygger på signaloverføring via elektromagnetiske bølger, og enkelte er bekymret for at dette kan føre til uønskede helseeffekter. Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) gjorde en vurdering av svake høyfrekvente elektromagnetiske felt og helseeffekter i 2012. Det er behov for å fremskaffe en oppdatert systematisk oversikt over tilgjengelig kunnskap på området. På oppdrag fra Helsedirektoratet og Direktoratet for strålevern og atomsikkerhet skal vi derfor vurdere mulige helseeffekter av svake høyfrekvente elektromagnetiske felt (frekvensområde 10 MHz 300 GHz). Denne vurderingen skal baseres på en vitenskapelig utført sammenfatning og vurdering av systematiske oversikter om helseeffektene av svake høyfrekvente elektromagnetiske felt. Alle helseutfall skal vurderes. Vi skal søke etter systematiske oversikter i relevante litteraturdatabaser. Tittel og sammendrag vil bli vurdert etter forhåndsdefinerte inklusjons- og eksklusjonskriterier. Referansene vurderes av to forskere parvis og uavhengig av hverandre, først tittel og sammendrag, deretter fulltekstversjon. Vi vil vurdere kvaliteten på de inkluderte oversiktene ved hjelp av ROBIS. For hvert helseutfall vil vi bruke alle inkluderte til å oppsummere helseeffektene
Sexting and Mental Health in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study
Get PDFPurpose Research has shown that sexting—the practice of sending, receiving, and forwarding sexual messages on digital media services—is associated with poor mental health. However, few studies have moved beyond cross-sectional designs, demonstrating that individuals who engage in sexting differ in mental health from those who do not. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether sexting was associated with increases in depression symptoms and conduct problems over time. Methods We analyzed data from three rounds of the longitudinal MyLife study among Norwegian adolescents (n = 3,000). The participants completed e-questionnaires containing instruments on sexting and mental health at three annual assessments. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were estimated to examine the effect of sexting on within-person changes in mental health, measured one year later. We also examined the potential reverse order of the effects. Results In accordance with findings from cross-sectional research, the analyses showed that boys who frequently engaged in sexting also reported more depression symptoms and conduct problems. For girls, we found only a significant between-person association for sexting and depression symptoms. However, sexting was not predictive of changes in depression symptoms or conduct problems over time. On the contrary, conduct problems predicted increased sexting scores but only for girls. Discussion Our results suggest that efforts to reduce sexting may not prevent mental health problems among young people. Intervention efforts should thus redirect attention from sexting as a driver of individual mental health problems to educating adolescents on how to perform safe and responsible sexting.Sexting and Mental Health in Adolescence: A Longitudinal StudypublishedVersio
Occupational Therapy Students’ Evidence-Based Practice Skills as Reported in a Mobile App: Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an important aspect of the health care education curriculum. EBP involves following the 5 EBP steps: ask, assess, appraise, apply, and audit. These 5 steps reflect the suggested core competencies covered in teaching and learning programs to support future health care professionals applying EBP. When implementing EBP teaching, assessing outcomes by documenting the student’s performance and skills is relevant. This can be done using mobile devices. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess occupational therapy students’ EBP skills as reported in a mobile app. Methods: We applied a cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics were used to present frequencies, percentages, means, and ranges of data regarding EBP skills found in the EBPsteps app. Associations between students’ ability to formulate the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome/Population, Interest, and Context (PICO/PICo) elements and identifying relevant research evidence were analyzed with the chi-square test. Results: Of 4 cohorts with 150 students, 119 (79.3%) students used the app and produced 240 critically appraised topics (CATs) in the app. The EBP steps “ask,” “assess,” and “appraise” were often correctly performed. The clinical question was formulated correctly in 53.3% (128/240) of the CATs, and students identified research evidence in 81.2% (195/240) of the CATs. Critical appraisal checklists were used in 81.2% (195/240) of the CATs, and most of these checklists were assessed as relevant for the type of research evidence identified (165/195, 84.6%). The least frequently correctly reported steps were “apply” and “audit.” In 39.6% (95/240) of the CATs, it was reported that research evidence was applied. Only 61% (58/95) of these CATs described how the research was applied to clinical practice. Evaluation of practice changes was reported in 38.8% (93/240) of the CATs. However, details about practice changes were lacking in all these CATs. A positive association was found between correctly reporting the "population" and "interventions/interest" elements of the PICO/PICo and identifying research evidence (P<.001). Conclusions: We assessed the students’ EBP skills based on how they documented following the EBP steps in the EBPsteps app, and our results showed variations in how well the students mastered the steps. “Apply” and “audit” were the most difficult EBP steps for the students to perform, and this finding has implications and gives directions for further development of the app and educational instruction in EBP. The EBPsteps app is a new and relevant app for students to learn and practice EBP, and it can be used to assess students’ EBP skills objectively.Occupational Therapy Students’ Evidence-Based Practice Skills as Reported in a Mobile App: Cross-Sectional StudypublishedVersio
Health-promoting behaviors in older adulthood and intrinsic capacity 10 years later: the HUNT study
Get PDFpublishedVersio
Urban-rural disparities in fatal and non-fatal paediatric injuries after trauma – A national retrospective cohort study
Get PDFpublishedVersio
