Folkehelseinstituttet
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Assessing causal links between age at menarche and adolescent mental health: a Mendelian randomisation study
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Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in Norway: predominance of C. parvum and emergence of C. mortiferum
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The effect of maternal prenatal tobacco smoking on offspring academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Trends in the health status of Ukrainian refugees in Norway according to month of arrival during 2022
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Antipsychotic use during pregnancy and risk of specific neurodevelopmental disorders and learning difficulties in children: a multinational cohort study
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Use of chemotherapy in patients with oesophageal, stomach, colon, rectal, liver, pancreatic, lung, and ovarian cancer: an International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) population-based study
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Hearing Loss and Annual Earnings Over a 20-Year Period: The HUNT Cohort Study
No full textObjectives: The association between hearing loss and income has only been examined in cross-sectional studies. We aim to study annual increase in earnings over 20 years, comparing people with and without hearing loss. Design: We used data from a population-based hearing study in Norway (The Trøndelag Health Study, 1996–1998), including 14,825 persons (46.2% men, mean age at baseline 30.6 years, age range 20 to 40 years). Hearing loss was defined as the pure-tone average threshold of 0.5 to 4 kHz in the better hearing ear ≥20 dB HL (n = 230). Annual earnings were assessed from 1997 to 2017. Longitudinal analyses were performed with linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and education. Results: People without hearing loss at baseline (before age 40) had a greater annual increase in earnings over a 20-year follow-up period compared with people with hearing loss. For people with normal hearing, annual earnings over 20 years increased by 453 Euro (EUR) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 384 to 522) or 13.2% more per year than for people with hearing loss, adjusted for age and sex. The difference in annual earnings over 20 year was greater among women (462 EUR, 95% CI = 376 to 547) than men (424 EUR, 95% CI = 315 to 533), greater among younger than older adults, and greater among lower than higher educated persons. When including adjustment for education in the model, in addition to age and sex, the difference in annual earnings over 20 years between persons with and without hearing loss was reduced (337 EUR, 95% CI = 269 to 405). Conclusions: The results from this large population-based study indicates that people with hearing loss experience lower long-term earnings growth compared with people with normal hearing. The findings highlight the need for increased interventions in the workplace for people with hearing loss.Hearing Loss and Annual Earnings Over a 20-Year Period: The HUNT Cohort StudypublishedVersio
