Folkehelseinstituttet
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Objectively measured environmental factors in relation to school travel mode among adolescents: a decision tree analysis
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Dose rate-driven responses to ionizing radiation in CBA/Ca and C57BL/6N evaluated using benchmark dose (BMD) modeling
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Risk assessment of bovine tuberculosis introduction and establishment in Norway
Get PDFVKM has assessed the risk of introduction and spread of bovine tuberculosis in Norway and cannot rule out that the disease still exists in Norway. There is a low risk of the disease being reintroduced with imported cattle, but the import of llamas and alpacas poses a greater risk. If the disease were to establish in Norway, there is a high risk of spread both among domestic animals and to wildlife. These are the main conclusions The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) has made in a risk assessment commissioned by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. Background Following the outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in 2022, VKM was asked to investigate the risk of introduction as well as the risk of spread and establishment of the disease in Norway. The disease primarily affects cattle, but other animals and humans can also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease that is difficult to diagnose. Therefore, it may take months or years before infected animals are detected. This makes it challenging to eradicate the disease. Conclusions With today's very limited import, VKM concludes it is unlikely that bovine tuberculosis will be introduced to Norway with cattle. Since neighboring countries Sweden and Finland are free from the disease, migration of wildlife will not pose a risk of introduction. However, as the source of the 2022 outbreak has not been identified, it cannot be determined if the disease is still present in Norway. “Alpacas and llamas pose a greater risk. These species are particularly susceptible to the disease, and animals have been imported to Norway, also from countries where the bacterium is common in the cattle population. It is therefore likely that the bacterium could be introduced to Norway with these species if imports continue”, says Eystein Skjerve, Scientific leader of the project team. There is significant trade and transportation of live animals (cattle, alpacas, and llamas) within Norway. If bovine tuberculosis were to establish here, such movements would pose a significant risk of spreading the bacterium. Furthermore, manure from infected herds could pose a risk of spreading to livestock and wild animals. Additionally, contact between livestock and wild animals, such as badgers, wild boars, and various deer species, could lead to the spread of the disease to the wild population. If bovine tuberculosis is established in Norway, a control and eradication strategy would require considerable time and resources. If the disease is introduced to-, and established in wild animal populations, experience from other countries indicates that it will be very challenging to eradicate the disease. “The risk of transmission of bovine tuberculosis to humans is generally low. Veterinarians, farmers, and slaughterhouse workers have an increased risk of infection. If the disease is established in Norway, the greatest risk of transmission to humans is through the consumption of both unpasteurised milk and dairy products”, Skjerve says. Risk-Reducing Measures VKM was also asked to identify several measures that could reduce the risk of introduction and establishment of bovine tuberculosis in Norway: Avoid importing animals from countries and regions where bovine tuberculosis is present in livestock. Avoid importing roughage to Norway from countries and regions with bovine tuberculosis. Increase testing requirements for the trade and movement of alpacas and llamas inside Norway. In the event of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis, reduce contact between livestock and wild animals and routinely test wild animals (badgers, wild boars, and deer species). (...)Risk assessment of bovine tuberculosis introduction and establishment in NorwayacceptedVersio
Årsrapport 2024 med resultater og forbedringstiltak fra kvalitetsregister for pankreaskreft
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Risk and protective factors for positive upbringing conditions and the prevention of crime among children and adolescents: A brief report
No full textOppvekstsvilkår handler om rammene barn vokser opp under, og inkluderer både de nære og de strukturelle forholdene som påvirker deres utvikling, helse og læring. Formålet med denne oppsummeringen er å identifisere fremmende og hemmende faktorer for barn og unges oppvekst, samt beskyttelses- og risikofaktorer for at barn og unge begår kriminalitet. Vi søkte i databasene Epistemonikos og Web of Science, samt i Google og OpenAlex etter kunnskapsoppsummeringer og faglige retningslinjer. Én forsker gjennomførte studieutvelgelse og datauthenting. Vi benyttet kunstig intelligens som støtteverktøy i vurdering av referanser og datauthentingen, med manuell kvalitetssikring. Vi strukturerte de identifiserte faktorene knyttet til barns og unges oppvekstsvilkår og kriminalitet i henhold til Bronfenbrenners utviklingsøkologiske modell. Vi inkluderte og hentet data fra 17 kunnskapsoppsummeringer: fem oversikter over oversikter (publisert 2021- 2025) og 12 systematiske oversikter (publisert 2024-2025). De favnet et bredt spekter av temaer. Vi fant at hyppig forekommende fremmere for gode oppvekstsvilkår bl.a. inkluderte skoletilhørighet og nære relasjoner til foreldre. Hyppig forekommende hemmere for gode oppvekstsvilkår inkluderte bl.a. lav sosial status, mobbing, skolefravær, dårlige familieforhold og psykiske helseplager. Hyppig forekommende beskyttelsesfaktorer for at barn og unge skal begå kriminalitet inkluderte bl.a. trygt og støttende skole- og nærmiljø og god tilknytning til foreldre, mens hyppig forekommende risikofaktorer for at barn og unge skal begå kriminalitet inkluderte bl.a. dårlig skolemiljø, skolefravær, kriminalitet i nærmiljøet, fattigdom og omsorgssvikt. Resultatene må tolkes med varsomhet, da tids- og ressursrammene ikke tillot grundige analyser og vurderinger av kunnskapsgrunnlaget.publishedVersio
Hjemmeforhold og familiekonflikt
No full textNotat skrevet på oppdrag fra Barne-, ungdoms- og familiedirektoratet (Bufdir) som del av prosjektet «Langtidskonsekvenser av koronapandemien for oppvekst og likestilling»publishedVersio
Impairments due to vision and hearing – An evidence and gap map of studies with Norwegian data
No full textFolkehelserapporten vurderes utvidet med et kapittel om funksjonsnedsettelser. Til dette er det behov for å få oversikt over relevante forskningspublikasjoner. Vi utarbeidet et forskningskart over artikler fra primærstudier med norske data om funksjonsnedsettelser som gjelder syn, hørsel og døvblindhet. Vi utførte systematiske søk etter primærstudier publisert mellom 1990 og 2025, som omhandler personer bosatt i Norge med funksjonsnedsettelser som følge av nedsatt syn- og hørsel, uansett alder og årsak. Vi inkluderte studier publisert i fagfellevurderte tidsskrifter uansett studiedesign. Aktuelle områder (typer utfall) relevant for Folkehelserapporten ble inkludert, men ikke problemstillinger knyttet til etiologi, effekt av tiltak, eller basalmedisinsk forskning. Totalt ble 248 artikler inkludert; 144 om hørsel-, 74 om syn-, 15 om både syn- og hørselsutfordringer, og 15 artikler om døvblindhet. Kunnskapsgrunnlaget omfatter alle aldersgrupper fra nyfødte til geriatriske populasjoner. Områder som belyses ble kodet innenfor 25 kategorier. Vi kodet flest artikler for hjelpemidler (n=88), skole, utdanning og arbeid (n=50), og livskvalitet og mestring (n=49). Forskningskartet viste forskningshull på temaer som mortalitet, somatisk helse, kognisjon, ensomhet og inkludering, aktivitet og deltakelse, levevaner, og om brukerfaringer med tjenester. Dataene fra forskningskartet er tilgjengeliggjort for alle interesserte på den digitale formidlingsplattformen EPPI-Vis.publishedVersio
Hazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health
No full textEnniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are cyclic hexadepsipeptide fungal metabolites which have demonstrated antibiotic, antimycotic, and insecticidal activities. The substantial toxic potentials of these mycotoxins are associated with their ionophoric molecular properties and relatively high lipophilicities. ENNs occur extensively in grain and grain-derived products and are considered a food safety issue by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The tolerable daily intake and maximum levels for ENNs in humans and animals remain unestablished due to key toxicological and toxicokinetic data gaps, preventing full risk assessment. Aiming to find critical data gaps impeding hazard characterization and risk evaluation, this review presents a comprehensive summary of the existing information from in vitro and in vivo studies on toxicokinetic characteristics and cytotoxic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, endocrine, reproductive and developmental effects of the most prevalent ENN analogues (ENN A, A1, B, B1) and BEA. The missing information identified showed that additional studies on ENNs and BEA have to be performed before sufficient data for an in-depth hazard characterisation of these mycotoxins become available.Hazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human healthpublishedVersionpublishedVersio