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Sites of crisis : histories of the satellite town
Get PDFThis thesis is a history of the relationship between the satellite town and the welfare state analysed through the prism of crisis. Extending the architectural historian Manfredo Tafuri’s concept of history as a project of crisis, the thesis is a critique of historical perspectives that legitimise present development by constructing modernity in terms of ‘progress’. The thesis examines the discourse of satellite town development and crisis by analysing the critique of Oslo’s satellite towns and the Norwegian welfare state as it emerged in reports and mass media between 1969 and 1976. Employing three analytical devices – which combine the welfare state actors of state, capital and civil society with the satellite town functions of housing, centre and neighbourhood – the study refracts the history of the satellite town and the welfare state to reveal how it is the product of disparate conflicts and struggles. The thesis contributes to the theoretical understandings of the welfare state and welfare capitalism. It adds to the existing literature on the relationship between architecture and the welfare state and the literature on satellite towns and new towns, as well as national and Nordic literature on the history of city planning.publishedVersio
Mental Health Services for International Students
No full textThis project explores how design can contribute to international students’ mental health in terms of service and system. The service concepts include supportive interventions like the brochure, the app and website, activities and tools, which are provided and facilitated by the main stakeholders, SiO and the school, by intervening in the system from three levels: international students, peer students, and the environments. The goal of these concepts is to help international students increase the awareness of mental health and know more about relevant services, build peer support and social contact, as well as get access to low-threshold mental health services.
When young adults move to a new country and start their study in a new environment as international students, they may meet different challenges in study and life. They can meet mental health challenges easily because of the cultural difference, language barrier, lack of awareness and knowledge of mental health, lack of social contact, the unfamiliarity of mental health services, etcetera. Besides, the pandemic situation can cause negative feelings and serious social isolation for international students.
A portfolio of concepts are proposed to solve the complicated problems in the system. The service concepts include supportive interventions like the brochure, the app and web-site, activities and tools, which are provided and facilitated by the main stakeholders, SiO and the school, by intervening in the system from three levels: international students, peer students, and the environments. Besides, the proposals which include findings and poten-tial interventions at the system level are drafted to deliver to the main stakeholders.
The value of this project is not only the final design concepts and proposals but also the process of design. During the process, I shared my findings, insights, methods, concepts with experts and stakeholders, like SiO and school, which also helps bring forward the problems, international students’ perspectives, as well as promote Service Design and System Oriented Design.submittedVersio
Tabula plena-urbanisme — en mulighet for sosial bærekraft i byutviklingen?
Get PDFBærekraftig byutvikling handler om å utvikle byer og lokalsamfunn som ivaretar og balanserer alle de tre bærekraftsdimensjonene — miljømessig, sosial og økonomisk bærekraft. Gjenbruk av eksisterende bygninger og sirkulærøkonomiske prinsipper er derfor viktig for en klima- og miljøvennlig byutvikling ettersom det blant annet vil kunne redusere avfall, forurensning og klimagassutslipp. Men kan eksisterende bygninger også bidra til sosial bærekraft i byutviklingen? Jeg tar i masteravhandlingen for meg denne aktuelle utfordringen ved å se på hvordan en «tabula plena-urbanisme», som tar utgangspunkt i bygninger som allerede finnes, kan bidra til sosial bærekraft i byutviklingen. Jeg tar for meg temaet ut ifra følgende problemstilling: Hvordan kan eksisterende bygninger bidra til sosial bærekraft i byutviklingen gjennom faktorer som bruk, prosess og stedsidentitet? Temaet drøftes med utgangspunkt i to prosjekter i byutviklingsprosjektet Hovinbyen i Oslo: Petersborghuset på Ensjø, som er blitt et nabolagshus, og PEX-tårnet på Haraldrud, som er en midlertidig kulturarena. Urbanisme er et tverrfaglig fagområde, og jeg trekker veksler på sosiologiske og samfunnsvitenskapelige tilnærminger, så vel som arkitektur- og kulturminnefaglige. Jeg bygger drøftingen min blant annet på forståelsen av byen som både «urbs» og «civitas», og jeg trekker inn tilpasset gjenbruk, eksperimentell bevaring og sirkulær økonomi. Avhandlingen er et bidrag til mer kunnskap om den sosiale bærekraftsdimensjonen ved at den tar opp hvordan eksisterende bygninger kan bidra til sosial bærekraft i byutviklingen gjennom faktorer som bruk, prosess og stedsidentitet. På den måten er ønsket å bidra til en bredere forståelse av hva som kan bidra til sosial bærekraft.submittedVersio
Reducing private car demand, fact or fiction? A study mapping changes in accessibility to grocery stores in Norway
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Utviklingsselskap som virkemiddel ved havnetransformasjon En casestudie av Sjøsiden-prosjektet i Moss
Get PDFStudiens hensikt er å utforske bruk av utviklingsselskap som virkemiddel ved havnetransformasjon. For å belyse dette har Sjøsidenprosjektet i Moss blitt anvendt som case. Kompakt byutvikling er en målsetting som utfordres av komplekse eiendomsforhold. Skillet mellom reguleringsregimet og eiendomsregimet vanskeliggjør plangjennomføring. Fortetting og transformasjon skaper et behov for virkemidler som bidrar til realisering av arealplaner. Fordi plan- og bygningsloven ikke tar stilling til privatrettslige forhold, har bruken av utviklingsselskaper blitt beskrevet som en reaksjon på kompakt byutvikling.
Oppgaven beskriver hvilke funksjoner utviklingsselskapet Sjøsiden Moss AS har ved havnetransformasjon og i hvilken grad der er et nyttig virkemiddel. Det diskuteres hvilke indikasjoner bruk av utviklingsselskap gir om plan- og bygningslovens egnethet, samt hvilke komplikasjoner som følger av skillet mellom eiendomsregimet og reguleringsregimet.
Sjøsiden Moss AS er et avtalebasert samarbeidsorgan med forankring i privatrettslige prinsipper. Selskapsretten og aksjeloven bidrar til forutsigbarhet for eierne. Den organisatoriske utformingen som aksjeselskap gir økonomiske fordeler. Kommunen får anledning til å påvirke byutviklingen gjennom en mer aktiv rolle. Utviklingsselskap fremstår som et nyttig virkemiddel for deler av transformasjonsprosessen. Strategien må likevel komplementeres med regulative, økonomiske og kooperative virkemidler.
Bruken av utviklingsselskap ved kompakt byutvikling er en indikasjon om at plan- og bygningslovens virkemidler ikke er tilstrekkelige. Regelverket er i liten grad egnet til å sikre gjennomføring, fordi den ikke forholder seg til privatrettslige forhold. Loven virker ikke å ha en eksplisitt ambisjon om å legge til rette for gjennomføring, men en intensjon om å sikre planfaglige hensyn. Realiteten er at det legges betydelige ressurser i planer som ikke kan realiseres, som følge av eiendomsrettens vern i norsk lovgivning. Dette skaper utfordringer for målsettingen om kompakt byutvikling og motsetningen ved komplekse eiendomsforhold forhindrer plangjennomføring.submittedVersio
Fixed Flexibility - Adaptive Reuse: Odda Smelteverk
No full textAdaptive reuse- the process of repairing and restoring existing buildings for new or continued use- is becoming an essential part of architectural practice. They [buildings] are valued for their essential history, their intrinsic sense of collective memory, and the physical contribution that they make to the built environment. But what is to be done with the huge stock of redundant structures?
In my diploma project I aim to answer this question by proposing a transformation of a UNESCO-listed structure at the former industrial site, located in the town of Odda.
Odda Smelting Works has been active in the years 1924- 2003, when the company went bankrupt and production of cyanamide and carbide was laid off. Since then, large parts of the plant with approximately 40 000m 2 worth of building mass have been standing unutilized.
In my transformation project, I am attempting to transform a unique piece of brutalist architecture from 1956, a 160-meter-long roof-structure made of reinforced concrete, located in the former carbide area of the Smelting Works. This 8cm thick concrete roof is known as “The Shell Roof” or Skalltaket in Norwegian.
I chose the strategy of adaptive reuse in order to preserve certain values within the heritage conservation-discussion, such as authenticity and integrity. I introduce a modular structure that is fully reversible because of its’ construction principles.
New suggested program has its’ roots in current use and is highly flexible, preserving the original qualities of the Shell Roof as much as possible, simultaneously allowing Odda to take ownership of the place module by module, inviting inhabitants to incrementally occupy projects’ multiple functions. Assigning the structure new functions thus helps topreserve it through active use.submittedVersio
Reinvesting coastal heath landscape
Get PDFThe heath landscape is an open coastal cultural heritage of Western Europe along the Atlantic coast. For over 4000 years, it has been both a distinctive agricultural type and an essential part of European development. Numerous traces of settlements testify that humans have used the landscape actively. The heather as a biotope resulted from centuries of deprivation of nutrients and was exploited to its limits. Nowadays, the Norwegian heath landscape is scarce, and it is going to disappear without a designer and locals' intervention. How should we maintain such a landscape of tomorrow? How do we approach the natural processes of overgrowing heather?
The project is situated at Bliksvær - an archipelago of approx. sixty islands located 15 km west of Bodø in Norway - operating as protected natural reservoir and a nationally valuable cultural heather landscape. Investigated coastal valley and the heather field on the main island are recognizable landscape entities on the Western coast of Norway. Therefore, Bliksvær, with its rare biotope, and aesthetics can be an example for other coastal heaths where high-quality food production may be the new purpose for management inlined with tourism.
The thesis aims to question the current conservation practices and implies that it is impossible to preserve the heather landscape in its totality at Bliksvær. Traditional farming does not fulfill farmers’ needs and aspirations, while modern producers pretend to be nostalgic historical actors living in paradoxes. The proposal strives for a genuine representation of a farmer to whom the heather landscape represents the landscape of labor. It welcomes both locals and new neo-rural operators to continue the management, directly impacting nature, the rural economy, and the lives of various animals.
Shifting focus from cultural landscape to cultural experience may allow farmers to stay on-site by embracing and reimaging the Nordic wilderness. Gastronomic movement contributes to managing and protecting the environment. The program introduces high-quality gastronomical landscapes – the spaces and linkages where food is produced and transformed by chefs and food innovators into sensory experiences and pleasurable eating, as a new way to rediscover the heathers and strengthen the local economy.
Finally, through the introduction of the landscape architecture toolbox, the project reveals cultural practices and sustains local knowledge while transforms the issue of overgrowing into a profitable autonomous ecosystem. Overgrown nature in the coastal valley becomes a new precedent - introduced as a constructed landscape with enhanced landscape entities. The thesis develops an agroforestry system that suggests an answer to the current problem of the overgrowing landscape in the valley. It suggests that instead of combating natural processes, the farmers should convert it into an efficient and self-sufficient agricultural system that strengthens the local biotope, supports annual crops to grow in more significant amounts, and ultimately improves the soil quality; an initiator for further development.
In time, landscape architect as an accelerator, the farmer and ecologist can reconstruct intended areas into a new design form, creating social spaces. In between, designed “landscape piazzas” are formed for people to engage with the new, multi-layered landscape. Some of them intend to collect run-off water used for irrigation or animals. They become a destination in the paths of the valley among fertile fields. The surrounding reservoir functions as a unique framework and place to explore.
The project includes facilities where guests may experience the site through their senses. A landscape architect initiates a heather garden where coastal heritage and new gastronomic culture meet. The structures are situated along the main path - a straight line defined by a bedrock uniting the productive valley with the heather garden. The shapes of the proposed architecture resemble turf removal excavation. The work of creating peats has left significant permanent traces in the coastal landscape. As a result of geometrical forms, the proposed architecture is based on the principle of the horizons - earth - infinite - sky horizon. Structures mean implementing local materials and objects on-site into their form, creating a humble, primitive architecture defined as a cave, hut, and platform. In order to increase the interaction between the heather and the encompassing sea, the project provides three additional smaller trails. They unite the heather garden with several sand beaches, which Bliksvær is known for. Travelers in all seasons may access the sea by boats, kayaks, or surfboards. - thus ending in another landscape entity.
The surrounding wild heather and the designed garden are put in contrast to highlight the impact of the traditional practices on nature. The garden becomes a contemporary living museum in its original context merged with the proposed architecture, available for people to interact with, while wild heather is left alone mainly for animals. The garden’s geometrical shapes are temporary, lasting from season to season. The grass functions as a white canvas in time of harvesting in the fall. Farmers and visitors may engage with it and experience the traditional techniques of heather preservation, leaving a temporary imprint in the form of land art. The project suggests two alternatives of the design.
A global shift is needed to ensure enough healthy and safe food for everyone, and at the same time, preserve our heritage. The project focuses on a local scale and reinvests the "forgotten" coast, but it strives to become a guide plan for a new sustainable coastal agricultural system in Norway on a larger scale. The designer's role is to enable these types of landscapes, anticipate climate change and facilitate the locals to shift to more sustainable and innovative farming systems; the urge is to transform these landscapes for more significant food autonomy on the islands and isolated places. Through a design, planning, and management plan, this project can be an answer for this issue; we need designers to help activate these areas.submittedVersio
Transitions in the Longyear river: working with flows and collected material as a landscape practice
No full textsubmittedVersio
Urban Habitat Transformation and the African Middle Class The Case of Kileleshwa, Nairobi, Kenya
Get PDFThe subject of urban transformation in cities generally and in those of the global south in particular is a significant matter that requires to be understood and where possible, guide policy. The forecasting of rapid growth of cities of the south due to increasing urbanization and rapid population growth has brought with it challenges and opportunities. While poverty is growing in cities of the south, there is an emergenceof a significant middle class that has also increased the demand for basic urban goods such as decent housing and infrastructure. There is increased interest by developers toprovide housing for this class and this is evident across many cities of the south. Many of the housing developments are occurring in grey field areas meaning that they are transforming these areas into a new typology. The nature of this transformation is creating new challenges that will require to be understood and addressed.
In this thesis, the nature of this transformation is explored in terms of its processes and outcomes. This was investigated through the following key research question: What are the processes, characteristics and outcomes of the rapid transformation occurring in low-rise urban residential areas in Nairobi? The transformation is occurring rapidly and leading to the vertical densification of residential areas in the city of Nairobi. One such residential area is Kileleshwa, which formed the case study of this investigation. It is a residential area – in the western suburbs of the city – that continues to transform as a housing settlement unlike elsewhere, where the transformation is from housing to other economic and social activities.
Using a predominantly qualitative approach, the key actors involved in the process of transformation were investigated. Their strategies for achieving their desired outcomes was of key interest. Also explored was the physical outcome of the ongoing transformation as manifested in the emergent building typology of the residential area. In tandem with this, the social outcomes of the ongoing transformation were of significant interest as well. Scrutinized closely, was the growing middle class in the residential area and the ways in which it was gaining a foothold in the historically upmarket neighbourhood. The question of the urban quality and sustainability of the transforming urban habitat was an important concern in the investigation. It was explored loosely as a way of evaluating the nature of the transformation vis-à-vis the future viability of the urban habitat.
The findings of the investigation are that property developers wield the greatest degree of influence in the process of urban habitat transformation hence are shaping the course of urban development in the city. Moreover, this process is permeated by informality and irregularity. Consequently, a key morphological outcome is that a profound shift in housing typology is occurring with the development of high-rise apartment blocks in place of low-rise single family detached housing. However, this is occurring in contravention of zoning regulations that cap the height limit to mid-rise housing. As a result, a low-density residential area is transforming into a high-density one without commensurate physical and social infrastructure to support it hence potentially compromising its urban quality and sustainability. Nevertheless, the development of the apartment form of housing – ranging in type from studio to fourbedroom apartment units - is making it possible for middle-class residents – from renters to purchasers, with a wide range of incomes - to access what was, historically, an exclusive high-income residential area. This is increasing the diversity of income groups accommodated in the residential area hence creating the possibility for a more spatially inclusive urban habitat.
The investigation concludes that developers´ actions, coupled with growing middle class demand for housing, and a lax regulatory regime are leading to the rapid transformation of a residential area through a profound change in its housing typology. This has both pros and cons. Seen from an economic point of view, the densification of housing, in increasing available housing units in the property market, creates the possibility for high profits for developers and investors through a significant return on investment on housing units sold or rented. Considered from a social point of view, the densification of housing in making available more housing options, is increasing access to housing for the growing middle class who would otherwise be unable to afford housing in an historically exclusive low-density urban habitat. Viewed from an environmental point of view, while densified housing is characteristic of a compact urban form, which is considered to be a feature of sustainable urban development and increasing urban quality, this has to be accompanied by commensurate urban infrastructure. However, the absence of adequate physical and social infrastructure in the ongoing transformation of the case study urban habitat is likely to lead to the habitat´s deterioration both in terms of its urban quality and sustainability.
Thus, to achieve a viable urban habitat in the long-term, an important shift needs to occur in the manner of the transformation. The local authority needs to exercise greater control in the course of urban development for the city through better urban management. For higher density housing to work – for a growing population while enhancing the urban quality and sustainability of the evolving urban habitat – this needs to be deliberately planned for, with emerging infrastructural challenges addressed as well.acceptedVersio
Trace – Coastal landscape protection of Lathari beach in Alta, Norway
No full textWhat does protection mean for a changing landscape? This project is informed by historical traces that show the landscape changing through time and the existing traces onsite, telling the story behind the land.
Alta is the largest town in the west part of the Finnmark region in Northern Norway. Lathari beach lies at the inner reaches of the Alta fjord, which is one of the most fascinating and famous outdoor recreation spaces in the suburban area. Dynamic forces entangle together on the site because of its unique location.
The erosion happens and pine trees are falling on the north of the forest, and this process is speeding up because of the pier construction related to Alta dam. While on the south part, a new road in the forest is under planning, posing a new threat to pine trees. The planning of a new driving road reveals the construction expansion, which causes pressure to this narrow na-ture environment. Two scenarios were proposed towards the situation.
The project consists of four parts, one in the forest and three along the coastline. Trace is the common theme, and each part gets its topic: Succession, Erosion, Lifecycle and Land memory. The whole storyline will end with an open ground on the forepart of the headland for meditation by exposing their bodies to the open environment