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Unlocking the potential: How can parcel lockers drive efficiency and environmental friendliness in E-commerce?
Get PDFThis paper analyses the efficiency and carbon footprint of different last-mile delivery solutions, including parcel lockers, pick-up points, and home deliveries. A Decision Support Tool (DST) is developed, utilizing real data on parcel deliveries and time allocation. The DST distinguishes between fixed, variable, and salary costs, revealing that time spent on delivery tasks and associated salary costs are the primary cost drivers. Deliveries to pick-up points are more efficient than deliveries to parcel lockers, but this efficiency depends on the number of parcels delivered. The environmental footprint of the solutions is influenced by how recipients collect their parcels.Unlocking the potential: How can parcel lockers drive efficiency and environmental friendliness in E-commerce?publishedVersio
Kapitalstruktur og lønnsomhet - En kvantitativ undersøkelse av norske børsnoterte selskaper
Get PDFBacheloroppgave i Økonomi og administrasjon fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Denne oppgaven har som formål å undersøke sammenhengen mellom kapitalstruktur og lønnsomhet, i norske børsnoterte selskaper. For å undersøke dette forholdet har det blitt samlet inn regnskapsinformasjon fra 51 selskaper, notert på Oslo Børs i perioden 2018 – 2022. Undersøkelsen benytter paneldata som forskningsmetode.
Før selve undersøkelsen, presenteres det teoretiske rammeverket for oppgaven. Rammeverket består hovedsakelig av fire sentrale teorier; Miller og Modigliani’s proposisjoner(Modigliani & Miller, 1958, 1963), trade off teorien(Kraus & Litzenberger, 1973), agentkostnad teorien(Jensen & Meckling, 1976) og pecking order teorien(Myers, 1984). De sentrale teoriene om kapitalstruktur og lønnsomhet, legger grunnlaget for analysen, og det blir vurdert hvilken av disse som best forklarer undersøkelsens resultater.
Resultatene fra undersøkelsen viser et signifikant positivt forhold mellom variabelen for kapitalstruktur, gitt ved total gjeldsandel, og lønnsomhet, gitt ved egenkapitalrentabilitet. Dette funnet tilsier at jo mer av selskapet som finansieres gjennom gjeld, jo høyere lønnsomhet har de. Dette støtter opp om ideene fra Miller og Modigliani’s andre proposisjon, trade off teorien og agentkostnad teorien. For variablene langsiktig gjeldsandel og kortsiktig gjeldsandel, ble det ikke funnet signifikant bevis for at de påvirker lønnsomhet.
Det er påvist noen avvik ved forutsetningene for regresjonsmodellene og flere av resultatene fra undersøkelsen mangler tilfredsstillende signifikans. Det er derfor påpekt at resultatene fra undersøkelsen kan være upålitelige, og de bør tolkes med en viss forsiktighet
Vil desentralisert finans være underlagt MiCA?
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) i Master of Science i Forretningsjus og økonomi - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Denne avhandlingen undersøker om desentralisert finans (DeFi) reguleres under Market in Crypto-assets (MiCA)-forordningen i EU. DeFi bruker blokkjede-teknologi for å tilby automatiserte finansielle tjenester uten tradisjonelle mellommenn, og utfordrer dermed etablerte finansielle systemer og reguleringer. Avhandlingen undersøker om og når DeFi vil bli underlagt MiCA, med særlig hovedfokus på om CASP kriteriet oppfylles, og hva som ligger i unntaksbestemmelsen; «fullstendig desentralisert måte uten noen mellommann». Dette undersøkes for å vurdere om MiCAs formål om markedsintegritet, investorbeskyttelse og finansiell stabilitet overholdes til tross for unntaksbestemmelsen.
Teoridelen gir en grundig redegjørelse for DeFi, inkludert arkitektur og nøkkelkomponenter, og sammenligner sentraliserte og desentraliserte finansielle systemer. Rammeverket er avgjørende for å forstå både teknologiske og juridiske aspekter ved DeFi.
For å avgjøre om plattformer som tilbyr kryptotjenester faller utenfor regulering, vil vi analysere hva som går under bestemmelsen: «fullstendig desentralisert måte uten noen mellommann». For å finne ut av dette vil vi vurdere ulike nøkkelkomponenter i DeFi for å avgjøre om og når de oppnår full desentralisering, med Bitcoin som et eksempel. Der delvis desentralisering er ikke tilstrekkelig for å oppfylle MiCAs unntaksbestemmelse, og hele systemets arkitektur og drift må vurderes for å avgjøre om en plattform kan anses som fullstendig desentralisert.. Metodene som brukes inkluderer kvalitativ metode og EU-rettslig metode, gjennom intervjuer med eksperter og analyse av MiCA-forordningen og relevante rapporter.
MiCA er med på å etablere et robust og trygt økosystem for industrien innenfor kryptomarkedet. Imidlertid reises det kritiske spørsmål om lovgivningen gir den nødvendige rettssikkerheten for å beskytte investorer, og om MiCA faktisk øker tilliten til markedet eller legger for store begrensninger på aktørene. Uklarheter i de regulatoriske bestemmelsene, spesielt rundt graden av desentralisering, skaper usikkerhet blant aktører om deres reguleringsstatus.
Selv om MiCA representerer et positivt steg fremover innad i kryptoindustrien, har vi gjennom analyse og diskusjon funnet at det fortsatt er et betydelig arbeid som gjenstår for å tilpasse reguleringen til de utfordringene og risikoene som DeFi står ovenfor. Dette krever en grundigere forståelse av hvordan DeFi-plattformer opererer, og hvordan de kan reguleres på en måte som ikke hemmer innovasjon og vekst i kryptomiljøet
On dihedral angle sums and number of facets for product polytopes
Get PDFIn this paper we present a method for computing the dihedral angle sums (and their two-sided estimates) of cartesian and skew product polytopes provided the sums of dihedral angles (or their estimates) are known for the factors. In addition, a formula for computing the number of facets of such product polytopes is derived. The method proposed is very universal and illustrated by several examples. The estimatesacceptedVersio
Data Is No Free Gift: An Anthropological Perspective on Data Sharing in an Inter-Organizational Context.
Get PDFOrganizational research on data sharing in inter-organizational contexts is limited, giving little insight into why data is or is not shared, often bypassing social and cultural norms, values and perspectives, and issues of power, (dis)trust, and (un)willingness to share. Drawing on an empirical study in the infrastructure sector in the Netherlands,where administrators increasingly urge infrastructure operators to share their data to create a more integrated and resilient infrastructure network, we ask: How is data sharing enabled and constrained according to organizational actors of critical infrastructure operators? Our Eindings exhibit Eive perceived challenges and Eive opportunities of sharing data, providing two main contributions to business anthropology and organization studies. Theoretically, we reconceptualize data sharing as “gift-giving,” helping to identify and understand the human-centered facets hitherto overlooked such as the reciprocal relations and cultural tensions associated with inter-organizational data exchange. Empirically, contributing in a more pragmatic sense, we add the notion of “enclosing”Page 1of 29JBA 13(1): 4-32Spring 2024© The Author(s) 2024ISSN 2245-4217www.cbs.dk/jbaDOI: https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v13i1.6586publishedVersio
Future-Making Power: A Study of Competing Imagined Futures in Healthcare
Get PDFThis paper presents a conceptual model of strategies of power in future-making, informed by a case study in the healthcare sector. In zooming out from investigating the future-making activities of an organizational innovation project team and tracing competing imagined futures enacted by medical professionals and strategic management, this study explains how and why the project struggled to realize its mandate. In this case, we identify three strategies of power, namely mobilization, discipline and discretion, and discuss their potential controversies and combinations. Moreover, we contribute to theories on discretionary power, demonstrating how it is produced by combining interdiscursivity with management control and nondecision. Strategies of discretion are productive in the realm of future-making, particularly in exploiting forces of discipline and mobilization to enable parallel imagined futures to be created and maintained over time. On the downside, this may keep competing imagined futures hostage, potentially serving non-transparent agendas.publishedVersio
Bayesian mode inference for discrete distributions in economics and finance
Get PDFWe propose a straightforward technique for mode inference in discrete data distributions which involves fitting a mixture of novel shifted-Poisson distributions. The credibility and utility of our approach is demonstrated through applications pertaining to loan default risk and inflation expectations.publishedVersio
Categories of white-collar offenders based on the theory of convenience
Get PDFPurpose This paper aims to make a contribution to the offender-based perspective when researching white-collar and corporate crime. Previously, the offender-based perspective has emphasized general characteristics of actors such as social and occupational status, respectability and power. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents categories of offender types in their roles when offending. Findings Based on the theory of convenience with 14 convenience propositions along three dimensions, it is possible to identify eight offender categories. Research limitations/implications Alternative theories for identification of offender categories might be applied in future research to compare with categories presented in this paper based on convenience theory. Practical implications These offender categories are labeled opportunist, illusionist, manipulator, ignorer, defender, reactionist, rescuer and controller. Social implications The offender-bases rather than the offence-based perspective is needed to increase law enforcement understanding of white-collar and corporate crime. Originality/value When researchers study the extent of seriousness of white-collar and corporate crime in the future, it is suggested that they use such labels to distinguish between serious and less serious offenders.acceptedVersio
Exploring Eco-Design Strategies in Italian Design-Driven Firms
Get PDFGiven the growing emergence of environmental challenges, firms must reduce environmental impacts and achieve business performance. Hence, we investigate how environmental sustainability approaches relate to design-driven innovation (DDI) in the context of new product development, focusing on active design-oriented firms in Italy's industrial sector. This paper, in particular, addresses to what extent eco approaches to design are adopted and connected to new product development in these innovation-driven firms, and how such approaches relate to innovation, customer value creation, and business performance. These relationships are examined through an empirical investigation of the Italian manufacturing companies associated with the Industrial Design Association (ADI, Associazione del Design Industriale), from the entrepreneurial perspective. The study reveals three different clusters of companies with varying levels of adoption of eco-design approaches and a combination of such approaches. One cluster reveals the highest level of adoption of all the types of approaches, the second a high level of adoption of three types of approaches (durability, reduction, recycling), and a low level of adoption of the other three types (reparability, disassembling, regeneration) and a third cluster performs a medium level of adoption of all the types of approaches. Further, we discovered that from the entrepreneur's perspective, firms adopting design for durability and design for recycling approaches positively and significantly impact innovation, customer value and business performance. By identifying diverse eco-design approaches in design-oriented enterprises, the study offers a significant contribution to understanding the relationship between design-driven innovation and environmental sustainability.Exploring Eco-Design Strategies in Italian Design-Driven FirmspublishedVersio
Project leadership and representation: powering purposive social value
Get PDFPurpose – The paper discusses sustainability, in terms of creating purposive social value, which is increasingly an inherent characteristic of project leading and doing. Consequently, project scholars are currently grappling with what purposive social value creation means to initiation and execution of projects. Design/methodology/approach – In line with recent development we offer reflections on the empowering nature of leadership enabling social value, its underlying forms of power and the dilemmas involved. Our theorizing is based on recent developments in literature on the value of sustainability in the context of projects, combined with literature on project leadership and reflections on the processes of power. Findings – Based on a process ontology, we suggest that leadership for purposive social value creation calls for a rethinking of leadership as an inclusive patterning of actions, making it relational, boundary spanning and socialized in nature and essentially entailing a politics of representation. Research limitations/implications – The paper is conceptual, so it has all the limitations of any conceptual paperthat innovates a new field of inquiry. It is a not a hypothetic-deductively structured paper but is abductive in nature, combining disparate literary studies in a conceptual framework for further inquiry. Practical implications – The legitimacy of leadership for purposive social value does not reside in the singular formal position of a project leader but in its broader vesting and representation. Social implications – The paper calls for a rethinking of the nature of project leadership power relations, processes oriented toward the achievement of purposive social value and representation of interests. Originality/value – This paperfulfills an identified need to study how purposive social value can be enabled by socialized and distributed project leadership that represents a broad-based and coherent conception of interests.acceptedVersio