BI Open (Norwegian Business School)
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Usikkerhetshåndtering: PUMP-modellens innvirkning på Workday Adaptive Planning-prosjektet
Get PDFBacheloroppgave i Økonomi og administrasjon fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Denne bacheloroppgaven undersøker bruken av PUMP-rammeverket for usikkerhetshåndtering i prosjektledelse, da spesifikt i implementeringen av økonomisystemet Workday Adaptive Planning i Torghatten AS. Kunnskapsgrunnlaget for oppgaven er opparbeidet gjennom deltakelse i fagene Prosjektledelse og Bacheloroppgave i Prosjektledelse ved BI Trondheim.
Oppgavens formål er å søke og vurdere hvordan usikkerhet ble håndtert i implementeringen av Workday Adaptive Planning-prosjektet, og den avgrensede problemstillingen vi skal utforske er: "Hvordan ble usikkerhet håndtert I prosjektet Workday Adaptive Planning I forhold til PUMP - modellen?"
Oppgavestrukturen er delt inn i fire deler. Dette inkluderer en innledning som setter scenen for oppgaven og introduserer Torghatten AS og Workday Adaptive Planning-prosjektet. Metodedelen gjør rede for den kvalitative tilnærmingen med intervjuer og sekundærdata. Teoridelen tar for seg de 7 fasene i PUMP-modellen til Chris Chapman og Stephen Ward som teoretisk rammeverk. Etter å ha redegjort for de teoretiske perspektivene, vil disse bli vurdert opp mot praktisk gjennomføring i lys av funnene og diskusjonen.
Avslutningsvis sammenfatter hovedkonklusjonen de viktigste funnene fra delkonklusjonene i kapittel 3, og ser på styrkene og svakhetene med usikkerhetshåndteringen i prosjektet i forhold til PUMP-modellen
A Disrupting Strategic Metal: The Norwegian Aluminium Industry Meets World War II
Get PDFThis article offers a new interpretation of the coming of state ownership in aluminium-related big businesses in Norway. It shows that the Norwegian aluminium business of the late 1930s and the 1940s was undertaken by a Scandinavian business elite fully capable of filling capital requirements after the war. This elite had, however, entangled itself in the German war effort in Norway mainly by supporting the building of new aluminium plants under the German occupiers’ control. This left it morally vulnerable to the increasing emphasis during the war on aluminium as a strategic metal. The Allied war effort—especially evident in US attitudes—had come to see the cartelized aluminium industry of the 1930s as working against the national interest by impacting national production capacity in a negative way. The Allies bombed the major new plant in Norway in 1943, and after the war the US acted restrictively toward Norwegian capital assets in the US. By pursuing ownership after 1945, the Norwegian state performed strategic ownership roles in large corporations, thereby also protecting these entities from the possible wrath of the US against private owners.publishedVersio
National Interests as Positive Externalities: Headquarters Retainment as Justification for Hybrid State-owned Enterprises in Norway (2000–2021)
Get PDFAs a result of the partial privatization and public listing of two large state-owned enterprises in 2001, the Norwegian state became the largest owner at the Oslo stock exchange. A new mode of corporate governance was developed, through which retainment of the corporate headquarters (HQ) of hybrid state-owned enterprises became the sole political goal of continued state ownership in these corporations. This article explores the perceived benefits to the national economy of these company HQ through an investigation of public documents and interviews with key stakeholders. The article argues that the main function of the goal of HQ retainment was to portray national interests and political goals as mere (positive) externalities of HQ location, and that this goal was formalized due to a perceived need to depoliticize the corporate governance of hybrid state-owned enterprises.publishedVersio
Colour/shape-taste correspondences across three languages in ChatGPT
Get PDFCrossmodal correspondences, the tendency for a sensory feature / attribute in one sensory modality (either physically present or merely imagined), to be associated with a sensory feature in another sensory modality, have been studied extensively, revealing consistent patterns, such as sweet tastes being associated with pink colours and round shapes across languages. The present research explores whether such correspondences are captured by ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI. Across twelve studies, this research investigates colour/shapes-taste crossmodal correspondences in ChatGPT-3.5 and -4o, focusing on associations between shapes/colours and the five basic tastes across three languages (English, Japanese, and Spanish). Studies 1A-F examined taste-shape associations, using prompts in three languages to assess ChatGPT's association of round and angular shapes with the five basic tastes. The results indicated significant, consistent, associations between shape and taste, with, for example, round shapes strongly associated with sweet/umami tastes and angular shapes with bitter/salty/sour tastes. The magnitude of shape-taste matching appears to be greater in ChatGPT-4o than in ChatGPT-3.5, and ChatGPT prompted in English and Spanish than ChatGPT prompted in Japanese. Studies 2A-F focused on colour-taste correspondences, using ChatGPT to assess associations between eleven colours and the five basic tastes. The results indicated that ChatGPT-4o, but not ChatGPT-3.5, generally replicates the patterns of colour-taste correspondences that have previously been observed in human participants. Specifically, ChatGPT-4o associates sweet tastes with pink, sour with yellow, salty with white/blue, bitter with black, and umami with red across languages. However, the magnitude/similarity of shape/colour-taste matching observed in ChatGPT-4o appears to be more pronounced (i.e., having little variance, large mean difference), which does not adequately reflect the subtle nuances typically seen in human shape/colour-taste correspondences. These findings suggest that ChatGPT captures colour/shapes-taste correspondences, with language- and GPT version-specific variations, albeit with some differences when compared to previous studies involving human participants. These findings contribute valuable knowledge to the field of crossmodal correspondences, explore the possibility of generative AI that resembles human perceptual systems and cognition across languages, and provide insight into the development and evolution of generative AI systems that capture human crossmodal correspondences.publishedVersio
Joint search over the life cycle
Get PDFThis paper provides evidence that the added worker effect – labor force entry upon spousal job loss – is stronger for young than old households. Using a life cycle model of two-member households in a frictional labor market, we study whether this age-dependency is driven by heterogeneous needs for or availability of spousal insurance. Our framework endogenizes asset and human capital accumulation, as well as arrival rates of job offers, and is disciplined against U.S. micro data. Counterfactuals show a strong complementarity across both margins: A large added worker effect requires both high spousal earnings potential relative to the primary earner and limited access to other means of self-insurance. Together, both margins account for the observed age differential in the added worker effect. The model predicts substantial crowding out of spousal labor supply responses by unemployment benefit extensions among young households, in line with their stronger insurance motive.publishedVersio
Facilitating Endorsement Efficacy: The Interplay of Parasocial Interaction, Product Placement, and Influencer Type
Get PDFSocial media platforms fostering a closer and more intimate bond between celebrities and their fan bases has opened up diverse avenues for product placement. In light of this, this study endeavors to explore the profound influence of parasocial interaction (PSI) and product placement on the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement within the social media landscape. The results derived from an online experiment unveil the positive impact of parasocial interaction on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intention. Notably, the potency of PSI is enhanced when product placement is prominent. The results also uncover the crucial role of brand recall as a mediator in the relationship between parasocial interaction and endorsement outcomes. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms governing the influence of parasocial interaction and social media celebrity types in the realm of social media endorsement while also providing valuable insights into the moderating role of product placement. From a practical standpoint, the results underscore the critical importance of carefully selecting celebrity endorsers and strategically positioning products. Armed with this knowledge, marketers and advertisers can better explore the complex landscape of social media endorsement with greater efficacy and precision.publishedVersio
Resourcing Agency for Sustained Collective Action Amid Creeping Crises
Get PDFIn the wake of the Beirut blast, we use Lebanon as an empirical context to examine how a group of scholar-activists organized to support ongoing collective action in the context of creeping crisis. Using the lens of resourcing theory, we provide a process model of resourcing agency as a fractal and embodied form of critical action, augmented and transformed by critical reflection, and collective healing and striving. We make four contributions. First, we demonstrate why organizational scholarship needs to attend to the increasing relevance of creeping crises and we model an approach to understanding both the lived experience of creeping crises and the implications for the situated cultivation of agency. Second, we extend resourcing theory by uncovering resourcing agency as an integral, embodied process in the context of crisis, particularly creeping crises, and show how it is itself a vital instantiation of agency. Third, further extending resourcing and process theories, we identify two types of ampliative cycles (sustaining and transformative cycles) implicated in resourcing agency when organizing in support of collective action amid creeping crises. Finally, our findings demonstrate the benefits of using a processual approach that attends to the embodied and fractal nature of action in creeping crises and other extreme contexts. We close with a discussion of the implications for engaged scholarship as a framework for action.publishedVersio
Finding the sweet spot : effects of exporting on the relationship between R&D investment and NPD performance
Get PDFPurpose: The aim of this research is twofold: (1) to investigate when the effect of R&D investment on New Product Development (NPD) performance peaks – the sweet spot and (2) to analyze the influence of firms’ export activities on where that spot is. Drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), we argue that export intensity and export experience lead to differential effects on how R&D investments are converted into new products. Design/methodology/approach: We test our conceptual framework using time lagged data and optimal-level analysis. The dataset consists of an unbalanced panel of 608,891 observations and 333,516 firms. Findings: The results support the expected inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D investment and NPD performance. They also show moderating effects of export intensity and experience. Export intensity enhances innovation processes by enabling firms to stretch the points at which R&D investments eventually taper off. In contrast, export experience improves firms’ ability to convert R&D investments into NPD performance. Our results demonstrate that, all else equal, firms with relatively higher export experience can spend less on R&D and still achieve higher levels of NPD performance. Originality/value: We contribute to the literature by investigating how export activities provide a valuable context for understanding the theoretical mechanisms that help explain the inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D investment and innovation. We show the effects of exporting activities on the precise points where the R&D investment–NPD performance relationship peaks, thereby identifying the optimal point within this nonlinear relationship.Finding the sweet spot : effects of exporting on the relationship between R&D investment and NPD performanceacceptedVersio
TB-team En kvalitativ studie om teameffektivitet og psykologisk trygghet
Get PDFExecutive Master of Management i Samspill og ledelse; anvendt organisasjonspsykologi fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024I vår prosjektoppgave har vi benyttet kvalitativ metode for å undersøke om et tverrfaglig behandlingsteam (TB-team) på seksjon for TSB (tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling) i Helse Sør Øst oppfyller Hackmans kriterier for hva som kjennetegner et effektivt team (Hackman, 2002). Dette har vi sett opp mot om teamet opplever psykologisk trygghet (Edmondson, 2019), som også er en viktig forutsetning for å oppnå teameffektivitet.
Teorien vi har anvendt i prosjektoppgaven bygger i hovedsak på boken Leading Team – Setting the stage og for great performances av Richard Hackman (Hackman, 2002) og The fearless organization av Amy C. Edmondson (Edmondson, 2019).
Vi har gjennomført fem dybdeintervju av medlemmer i TB-team, og vi ser at teamet i stor grad oppfyller Hackmans kriterier for hva som kjennetegner et effektivt team og at teamet opplever psykologisk trygghet. Med det til grunn mener vi derfor at teamet har gode forutsetninger for å fungere som et effektivt team.
Gjennom arbeidet med oppgaven har vi tilegnet oss større forståelse av hva som kreves for at et team skal nå sitt fulle potensiale, og har derfor også tillatt oss å komme med anbefalinger vedrørende betingelser vi ser ikke er oppfylt i like stor grad som på enkelte andre områder. Betydningen av tydelige delmål, og belønning for måloppnåelse er områdene vi tenker at TB-team med fordel kan utforske mer for å utvikle seg videre som et team
Improved Goodness of Fit Procedures for Structural Equation Models
Get PDFWe propose new ways of robustifying goodness-of-fit tests for structural equation modeling under non-normality. These test statistics have limit distributions characterized by eigenvalues whose estimates are highly unstable and biased in known directions. To take this into account, we design model-based trend predictions to approximate the population eigenvalues. We evaluate the new procedures in a large-scale simulation study with three confirmatory factor models of varying size (10, 20, or 40 manifest variables) and six non-normal data conditions. The eigenvalues in each simulated dataset are available in a database. Some of the new procedures markedly outperform presently available methods. We demonstrate how the new tests are calculated with a new R package and provide practical recommendations.publishedVersio