BI Open (Norwegian Business School)
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Understanding Leaders Trust In A Digital Age
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Leadership and Organizational Psychology - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This master's thesis examines how organizational leaders develop trust in artificial intelligence (AI) within decision-making processes, a crucial aspect given the increasing reliance on AI in modern organizations. The study utilizes qualitative research methods, specifically semi-structured interviews with organizational leaders, to explore the transition from traditional intuition-based decision-making to AI-supported methods.
Key findings from the research highlight both positive and negative factors affecting trust in AI. Positive influences include evidence-based confidence, transparency and understanding, and collaboration and involvement. These factors help ensure that AI systems are perceived as reliable and beneficial, enhancing trust among leaders.
On the other hand, the study also identifies several challenges. Inherent biases within AI, a dependence on human input, and the lack of emotional and relational connections with AI systems are seen as major barriers to trust. These issues highlight the limitations of AI in understanding and integrating human emotional nuances and social contexts, which are often crucial in leadership and decision-making.
The research contributes to the theoretical discussion on technology adoption and trust dynamics in organizational settings. It emphasizes the need for AI systems to be not only technologically proficient but also sociotechnically sensitive to enhance effective leadership in the digital age.
Implications for leadership training include the integration of AI literacy as a core component alongside traditional leadership skills, preparing leaders to critically assess AI tools and make informed decisions that consider ethical implications and maintain organizational trust.
Overall, the thesis underscores the complexity of building trust in AI among leaders and offers a nuanced perspective on the prerequisites and challenges associated with this process. The insights provided aim to assist in the development of strategies that foster trust in AI technologies, ensuring their effective integration into leadership practices
Bound by Borders: Voter Mobilization Through Social Networks
Get PDFA vast and growing quantitative literature considers how social networks shape political mobilization but the degree to which turnout decisions are strategic remains ambiguous. Unlike previous studies, we establish personal links between voters and candidates and exploit discontinuous incentives to mobilize across district boundaries to estimate causal effects. Considering three types of networks – families, co-workers, and immigrant communities – we show that a group member's candidacy acts as a mobilizational impulse propagating through the group's network. In family networks, some of this impulse is non-strategic, surviving past district boundaries. However, the bulk of family mobilization is bound by the candidate's district boundary, as is the entirety of the mobilizational effects in the other networks.acceptedVersio
Financial Analysis and Valuation of Hafslund AS
Get PDFBacheloroppgave i Business Administration fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This bachelor thesis aims to estimate the enterprise value of Hafslund AS, a company 100% owned by Oslo Municipality, as of December 31, 2023. We begin with an introduction to Hafslund and the power industry, followed by a description of the valuation techniques employed.
Our comprehensive strategic analysis, utilizing Porter’s five forces, PESTEL, and the VRIO framework, provided insights into the power market and Hafslund’s internal capabilities. This strategic analysis, combined with a historical financial analysis, allowed us to forecast Hafslund’s future performance and calculate future free cash to the firm for our valuation.
We calculated the enterprise value of Hafslund, using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Economic Value Added (EVA) models. To address the uncertainties inherent in these models, we performed a relative valuation using EV multiples from comparable companies, multiple iterations of the DCF and EVA models, and a Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, by weighing our different value approaches, we concluded with an enterprise value for Hafslund AS of 82 086 million NOK.
We acknowledge the limitations of our analysis due to our reliance on publicly available information, which may impact the accuracy of our valuation
Understanding the Regional Dynamics of Solar Energy Adoption: A Case Study of Norway's Electricity Market
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Economics - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This thesis investigates the impact of bidding zones on solar photovoltaic (PV) uptake in Norway by replicating and adapting the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) used in a similar study conducted in Sweden. The SCM, developed by Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) and further improved by Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller (2010), constructs a synthetic control unit by assigning optimized weights to a combination of control units, creating a counterfactual that closely resembles the treated unit before the intervention. This method addresses the biases inherent in simple before-and-after comparisons or difference-in-differences approaches. Drawing inspiration from the study "Do separate bidding zones within countries create imbalances in PV uptake? Evidence from Sweden" by Johanna Fink, this paper adapts the SCM to the Norwegian context by accounting for structural and socio-economic differences between the two countries.
The results demonstrate that while bidding zones and price divergence have a significant impact on PV uptake in Norway, the choice of control variables is crucial to the robustness of the synthetic control. Our findings highlight the importance of avoiding overfitting and ensuring that the model captures true underlying patterns rather than noise. This study contributes to the literature on renewable energy adoption and provides insights for policymakers on the effects of electricity market segmentation
Energy Market Fluctuations: Consequences For The Renewable Energy Sector In The EU
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Sustainable Finance/Masteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 202.., Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024We researched how changes in gas, oil, and coal prices affect the renewable energy sector in Europe. We used Vector Autoregression (VAR) models, Impulse Response Functions (IRF), Variance Decomposition, and Granger causality tests with monthly data from 2015 to 2023. Our findings indicate that the lagged values of energy prices generally do not have a significant impact on our renewable energy portfolios with the exception of coal prices in Denmark and the lagged values of the portfolio itself in Spain. This suggests that other factors play a bigger role in shaping the financial performance of the renewable energy sector in Europe
Fra fengsel til fører
Get PDFExecutive Master of Management i Ledelse, makt og mening fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024I perioden 1919-1934 navigerte Adolf Hitler seg igjennom en sammensatt vei til makten i Tyskland, fra fengselsopphold til hans posisjon som fører for nasjonen. Den historiske reisen til makten har jeg analysert ved bruk av flere teoretiske aspekter. Jeg har blant annet sett på hvordan sensemaking-teorien gir innsikt i hvordan Hitler klarte å skape mening for folk ved bruk av forskjellige virkemidler, og hvordan defining moment teorien fremhever betydningen av spesifikke hendelser som markerte et vendepunkt for hans politiske karriere
Deferred Prosecution Agreements as Miscarriage of Justice: An Exploratory Study of Corporate Convenience
Get PDFDeferred prosecution agreements and similar arrangements are practiced in many countries when there is suspicion of corporate crime. It is an agreement based on a negotiation that permits the allegedly guilty party not to undergo a criminal trial if they avoid committing further wrongdoing for a specified period of time. This article reviews such agreements in light of two different situations where the corporation is actually guilty and where the corporation is actually not guilty. An innocent company signing such an agreement suffers from miscarriage of justice. A guilty company on the other hand can restore the convenience of committing corporate crime. This article argues that deferred prosecution agreements violate basic principles of justice. The research suggests that serious fraud offices and other public bodies need to be restored to enable complete criminal prosecution when there are suspicions of corporate wrongdoing. This suggestion is based on the assumption that the underlying problem is law enforcement incompetence at investigating and prosecuting corporate crime.publishedVersio
Lederspenn og leder-medarbeiderrelasjoner: En analyse av behovstilfredshet, turnover-intensjon og jobbrelatert angst
Get PDFExecutive Master of Management i Human resource management fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Oppgaven utforsket konseptet "lederspenn" og innvirkningen på leder-medarbeider relasjoner knyttet til behovstilfredshet, turnover-intensjon og jobbrelatert angst. Lederspenn refererer til antall underordnede en leder har ansvar for, og har vært et sentralt tema innen organisasjonsteori- og ledelse siden 1920-tallet.
Hovedmålet var å undersøke om lederspenn påvirker opplevelsen og relasjonene mellom ledere og medarbeidere.
Oppgaven utforsket også ulike typer leder-medarbeider relasjoner og begreper som turnover-intensjon og jobbrelatert angst samt bygget på teoretiske rammeverk som selvbestemmelsesteori, med fokus på tre grunnleggende psykiske behov: autonomi, kompetanse og tilhørighet.
Studien benyttet et kvantitativt forskningsdesign hvor data ble samlet inn fra respondenter i offentlig og privat sektor. Målingene bestod av kontrollvariabler, moderator, uavhengige og avhengige variabler. Analysen ble gjort for å identifisere eventuelle sammenhenger mellom lederspenn og de ulike variablene.
Resultatene ga ingen statistisk signifikant sammenheng mellom lederspenn og leder-medarbeider relasjonen.
Disse resultatene var uventet. Variasjon i datagrunnlaget, innhentet fra både offentlig og privat sektor, kan ha vært en medvirkende faktor til de manglende signifikante funnene. Metodologiske begrensninger, inkludert sammensatt datagrunnlag fra ulike sektorer og organisasjonstyper, kan ha gitt mangel på signifikante funn. Tidligere studier har påpekt at betydningen av lederspenn kan variere avhengig av konteksten (eks. Woodward, 1980; Meier & Bohte, 2003). Fremtidig forskning bør vurdere større datamengder og/eller mer homogene grupper for å vise mulige modererende effekter av lederspenn.
Studien viste at lederspenn tilsynelatende ikke har noen direkte innvirkning på medarbeidernes relasjoner til nærmeste leder, og understreker behovet for videre forskning
The Internship Equation: Balancing Expectations and Experiences in Work Integrated Learning
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Leadership and Organizational Psychology - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024
The thesis is structured into three main sections: a literature review establishing clear definitions and examining the current internship practices; an application of Social Learning Theory and Work-Integrated Learning Theory to the context of student internships; and a detailed discussion of interview findings with existing research and theoretical frameworks. The thesis concludes with a wrap-up of the most influential components of the student’s internship experience, and suggestions for host organizations.
By combining theoretical frameworks with empirical findings, the thesis contributes valuable insights and advice for host organizations. It supports students in achieving their educational and professional goals and has practical, policy, and theoretical significance. Further, the insights extend beyond academic discourse to influence higher education and internship practices in Norway and potentially other countries. Additionally, the study underscores the need for further research on WIL over time and in diverse settings and cultures.This thesis explores host organizations’ facilitation of student internships, aiming to guide host organizations in designing meaningful internships while mitigating common pitfalls. Through a comprehensive analysis combining insights from Social Learning Theory (SLT) and Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, this study offers actionable recommendations for host organizations seeking to enhance their internship programs. Data was collected from two rounds of semi-structured interviews with MSc students in Organizational Psychology and Leadership at BI Norwegian Business School, providing a rich, in-depth perspective on the current state of student internships within the HR domain
The unequal effects of trade and automation across local labor markets
Get PDFWe quantify the joint impact of the China shock and automation of labor, across US commuting zones (CZs) in the period 2000–2007. To this end, we employ a multi-sector gravity model of trade with Roy-Fréchet worker heterogeneity across sectors, where labor input can be automated. Automation and increased import competition from China are both sector-specific; they lead to contractions in a sector’s labor demand and a decline in relative income for CZs more specialized in that sector, amplified by a voluntary reduction in hours worked and an increase in frictional unemployment. The estimated model fits well with the aggregate performance of manufacturing subsectors and with the variation across CZs in changes in average income, the hourly wage, hours worked, the employment rate and employment in manufacturing. By itself, the China shock has stronger distributional effects than automation, but its impact on aggregate gains is less than a third of automation’s impact.publishedVersio