BI Open (Norwegian Business School)
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Understanding Consumer Behaviour in Textile Disposal: A study of motivational factors
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Supply Chain and Operations Management - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024The purpose of this master thesis was to investigate consumer textile disposal behaviours in Norway, aiming to understand the motivations and factors influencing these behaviours. The ultimate goal was to support the transition towards a circular economy by providing insights into how to promote more sustainable textile disposal practices.
Based on an extensive literature review on consumer behaviour, we identified seven independent variables- altruism, environmental attitude, convenience, general recycling behaviour, perceived value and economic benefit - that we expected to influence consumer disposal practices, along with demographic variables such as age, gender and education. The dependent variables, which represent the different disposal methods, were donation, take-back, re-sell, and discard. To explore the relationships between these variables, we developed hypotheses for each independent variable to explain the dependent variables. We then collected data using a survey and tested the hypotheses with ordinal regression and correlation analysis.
Our study's findings indicate that gender has a significantly positive effect on donation, reselling, and discarding. In contrast, age has a significantly positive effect on take-back programs and reselling. Environmental attitude was found to positively affect donating, take-back, and discarding, while altruism has a positive impact on both donation and discarding. General recycling behaviour was found to significantly impact donation and discarding positively, while perceived value was found to affect only reselling. Lastly, this study found no significant influence of educational background, convenience, or economic benefit on predicting disposal practices. Based on the findings, this study argues that understanding consumer textile disposal behaviour is crucial for the development of strategies that encourage more sustainable disposal methods, ultimately contributing to a more ustainable and circular textile industry
Finanspolitikk som virkemiddel i en likviditetsfelle
Get PDFBacheloroppgave i Økonomi og administrasjon fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Denne oppgaven utforsker effekten av finanspolitikk som et verktøy for å håndtere likviditetsfeller, med Japan som en case. I makroøkonomisk stabilisering regulerer pengepolitikken vanligvis rentenivået for å påvirke økonomisk aktivitet. I en likviditetsfelle, der renten er på eller nær null, mister imidlertid konvensjonell pengepolitikk sin effekt. Oppgaven undersøker hvordan finanspolitikken kan stimulere økonomien under slike forhold.
Den sentrale problemstillingen som adresseres er: "Hva er finanspolitikkens effekt som virkemiddel mot likviditetsfelle?" Dette er viktig gitt pengepolitikkens begrensninger i slike situasjoner og behovet for alternative midler for å stimulere økonomisk aktivitet. Videre ser oppgaven på hvordan Japan har håndtert sin langvarige likviditetsfelle gjennom ekspansiv finanspolitikk, inkludert økte offentlige utgifter og skatteletter.
Vi benytter en litteraturstudie for å analysere eksisterende forskning og økonomiske data om Japans bruk av finanspolitikk i møte med likviditetsfellen. Resultatene viser at ekspansiv finanspolitikk kan redusere arbeidsledigheten og øke samlet etterspørsel, selv om effekten på inflasjonen har vært begrenset. Videre påpekes det at hvordan finanspolitikken finansieres, enten gjennom skatter, lån eller pengeutstedelse, har stor betydning for dens effektivitet.
Oppgaven konkluderer med at finanspolitikken er et nødvendig verktøy i møte med likviditetsfeller, men advarer om farene ved overdreven bruk, som økt offentlig gjeld, politisk ustabilitet og potensielle negative effekter på privat sektor
Marketing Green Threads: Sustainability Messaging's Effect on Perceived Sustainability and Purchase Intention in the Clothing Industry
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Strategic Marketing Management - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024The fashion industry accounts for 10 percent of the world’s carbon emissions and is the second largest consumer of water worldwide. In response, clothing companies are adapting sustainability into their operations and marketing strategies. However, the literature lacks consensus on the effectiveness of different types of sustainability communication. Grounded in the concepts of the “sustainability-liability effect”, the “halo effect” and the “attitude-behavior gap”, this thesis investigates the effect of sustainability messages on perceived sustainability and purchase intention for sustainable clothing, and the moderating role of sustainability consciousness. By employing a single-factor between-subjects design on 2024-survey data from 495 respondents in the UK, the study reveals that presenting sustainability and quality as separate attributes significantly enhances perceived sustainability and purchase intentions more effectively than presenting these attributes as interconnected. This insight contributes to theoretical knowledge and provides actionable recommendations for marketers to develop compelling sustainability messages
Beskatning av multinasjonale og nasjonale konsern i Norge
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) i Master of Science i Forretningsjus og økonomi - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Denne masteroppgaven tar for seg beskatning av nasjonale og multinasjonale konsern i Norge. Bakgrunnen for avhandlingen er det nye internasjonale rammeverket, pilar 2, og er utarbeidet av OECD. Norges implementering av pilar 2 skjer gjennom Suppleringsskatteloven. Prosjektet ble satt igangsatt grunnet økende globalisering og digitalisering, som har ført til transaksjoner og tilstedeværelse på tvers av landegrenser. Dette har gjort det enklere for selskaper å minimere skatteforpliktelsene, ved at de blant annet utnytter forskjeller i nasjonale skattesystemer. For å sikre at multinasjonale selskaper betaler en rettferdig andel
skatt, ble pilar 2 BEPS-prosjektet igangsatt. Selv om dette internasjonale regelverket er et revolusjonerende internasjonalt samarbeid, har regelverket flere smutthull og har gjennom utarbeidelsen blitt utvannet.
I analysen tar vi for oss utfordringene ved implementering og etterlevelsen av Suppleringsskatteloven. I høringsnotatet til Suppleringsskatteloven ble harmoniseringen mellom NOKUS-reglene og pilar 2 problematisert, blant annet på grunn av lovenes ulike definisjoner. Videre i analysen tar vi for oss kompleksiteten til regelverket. Suppleringsskatteloven skiller seg fra Skatteloven ved at den er basert på regnskapsmessige standarder og krever derfor økonomisk forståelse ved tolkning. Kostnadene knyttet til implementering og etterlevelse av regelverket er høye, og netto skatteprovenyet vil dermed være tilnærmet null. Minimumsskatten i pilar 2 har også blitt utvannet gjennom forhandlingene, både ved fastsettelse av en
lavere skattesats enn først avtalt, samt en økende mengde smutthull og at flere kostnader er fradragsberettiget. Et resultat av dette er et lavere skatteproveny.
Til tross for regelverkets mange svakheter, er det en start på et viktig internasjonalt samarbeid mot overskuddflytting og uthuling av skattegrunnlaget. Vi tror at på lang sikt vil skatteprovenyet overstige kostandene, og at prosjektet åpner opp for ytterligere internasjonalt økonomisk samarbeid
The Determinants of the Nordic High Yield Corporate Bond Spread
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This thesis examines the pricing in the Nordic High Yield Corporate Bond markets. I analyse the yield spreads with a structural Merton model to estimate the default risk component of the spread. The derived default risk spread is then subtracted from the actual spread to isolate the non-default risk component. Using an Ordinary Least Squares regressions, I analyze the remaining spread, incorporating various factors identified in the literature that influence the credit spreads. The results indicate that the Nordic highyield corporate bond market offers a significant premium, with key determinants including bond duration, trustee presence, and debt
structure
Content analysis of press releases from the Norwegian serious fraud office: What do the messages say about focal concerns?
Get PDFPurpose
This article reviews 69 press releases published by the Norwegian Økokrim from June 2022 to November 2023. The presented research applies the theory of focal concerns to identify the main themes in the press releases.
Design/methodology/approach
Serious fraud offices such as the Norwegian national authority for investigation and prosecution of economic and environmental crime (Økokrim) are facing many challenges when combating white-collar and corporate crime. Press releases represent an element of facing such challenges, as the messages are an important vehicle for the organization to disclose organizational activities to the public.
Findings
Three themes emerged: offender conviction, impression management and crime deterrence. Offender prosecution followed by offender conviction is at the core of Økokrim's business. Impression management serves the purpose of emphasizing the important role of the national authority in society. The subjective perception of detection and prosecution by potential offenders can be influenced by crime deterrence messages.
Research limitations/implications
Press releases are signals that may be interpreted in other ways.
Practical implications
When politicians are to review national authorities, they may want a slightly different serious fraud office.
Social implications
The deterrence effect is often not real for alleged white-collar crime.
Originality/value
Understanding a national authority in terms of its focal concerns based on press releases from the authority.acceptedVersio
Future at risk: Exploring the effect of workplace bullying on career optimism and the moderating role of shared occupational in-group.
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Leadership and Organizational Psychology - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of workplace bullying on individuals’ career optimism. While organizational outcomes and health effects on employees are well-documented, research on individuals’ career optimism is lacking. The present study investigates the relationship between workplace bullying and career optimism. Further, based on the social identity theory, we believe occupation forms a social in-group and propose that individuals’ career optimism will be more negatively affected by bullying from someone in their social in-group. Thus, we explore the moderating role of shared occupational in-group between the victim and the bully, on the relationship between workplace bullying and career optimism. Utilizing a quantitative research design, a sample of Norwegian workers (N= 894) was collected at two-time points with an approximate 12-week time lag. Two linear regression analyses and two interaction analyses were performed to test our hypotheses.
The results of the analyses find that workplace bullying has a negative effect on career optimism at the first point of measure. However, when analyzing the relationship over time, we did not find support.
The interaction effect of shared occupational in-group showed that the development of career optimism decreased for those being bullied by someone with a different occupation, contrary to our initial belief. These results underscore the importance of preventing workplace bullying and the need for leaders to cultivate a healthy work environment.
The study adds to the existing literature on the consequences of workplace bullying by highlighting its detrimental effects on individuals’ career optimism. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity for further research on the moderating factors that influence this relationship
Exploring Remote Work: A Quantitative Study Analyzing Factors Impacting Intrinsic Motivation
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Leadership and Organizational Psychology - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024The rise of technological advancements has significantly transformed the
traditional work environment, making remote work feasible in many occupations.
This thesis investigates the impact of three factors; autonomy supportive
leadership, work-life balance and social connection - on intrinsic motivation
within the context of remote work. These variables were selected due to their
possible link to intrinsic motivation within the remote work context. The thesis
goal is to analyze the variables in a shared setting, as there is limited literature on
the various factors affecting employee intrinsic motivation in a remote work
context. A cross sectional design was chosen as a research method, and the data
was gathered through an online survey, ensuring 144 respondents working
remotely one day a week or more. The analyses demonstrated a positive
correlation between autonomy supportive leadership and intrinsic motivation, as
well as between work-life balance and intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the
indirect effect of autonomy supportive leadership on intrinsic motivation, was
found to be significant through work-life balance as a mediator. However, social
connection as a moderator proved not to impact the indirect relationship between
autonomy supportive leadership, work-life balance and intrinsic motivation. SDT
was used as a theoretical framework, emphasizing autonomy as a possible
underlying explanation for the results. Theoretically, the findings demonstrate
both work-life balance and autonomy supportive leadership to be essential in
explaining intrinsic motivation for remote workers. The findings emphasize the
importance of leader support, and fostering an environment that promotes worklife
balance in a remote work context
What we do in the shadows – how expert workers reclaim control in digitalized and centralized organizations through ‘stealth work’
Get PDFOrganizations often depend on experts to carry out complex tasks that require specialized or tacit knowledge. Yet, organizations often want to increase their control over how tasks are performed and thus reduce the autonomy of experts. In the past, scholars have argued that experts had the ability to rebuff organizational attempts to control them. However, in an era with increased digitalization and centralization in organizations, experts risk losing control. How experts react when facing this increased centralization and digitalization is not well understood. Thus, this study seeks to improve knowledge on how experts react as organizations digitalize and centralize control over tasks. To do so, we studied a large energy company, which sought to increase its control over tasks and reduce the autonomy of its expert engineers by implementing an organizational change that included centralization and digital control. Using in-depth interviews, we portray how the expert workers reclaimed control using three micro-level tactics – strategic compliance and workaround, using legacy to reclaim control and concealing expert control. Based on these findings, our paper makes three contributions to the literature on experts and control. First, we provide the concept of ‘stealth work’, outlining how experts can reclaim control when centralization and digitalization have otherwise stripped them of status and power. Second, we highlight how expert control may be nested in organizations as a legacy, which experts can use when facing centralization and digitalization, and finally, we highlight how experts can engage in small hacks that curb the usefulness of digital control systems.publishedVersio
En eksplorativ markedsanalyse: Økologisk vs. konvensjonell laks
Get PDFBacheloroppgave i Økonomi og administrasjon fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Studien gjennomfører en eksplorativ markedsanalyse for økologisk laks i forhold til konvensjonell laks, med særlig vekt på hvordan markedsmessige forskjeller påvirker etterspørsel. Ved bruk av semi-strukturerte intervjuer og en triangulering av kvantitative og kvalitative data fra både primær- og sekundærkilder, kartlegges de komplekse dynamikkene som driver markedet for økologisk laks. Resultatene viser tydelige forskjeller mellom de to markedene, spesielt med hensyn til prisstrukturer og etterspørsel hvor økologisk laks generelt oppnår en pris-premie over konvensjonell laks, selv om premien varierer avhengig av ulike faktorer.
Analysen fremhever i tillegg hvordan reguleringer, forbrukerpreferanser og tilgjengelighet påvirker markedsposisjonen til økologisk laks. Markedsmodellene antyder at de langsiktige utsiktene for økologisk laks er avhengige av flere variabler, inkludert markedsjusteringer til forbrukertrender og regulatoriske endringer. En balansert produksjonsstrategi, som kombinerer både økologisk og konvensjonell laks, anbefales for oppdrettsselskaper. Dette kan skape økonomisk stabilitet, håndtere biomasse- og sesongvariasjoner, samt utnytte ulike markedsnisjer.
Videre forskning bør fokusere på optimal produksjonsfordeling mellom økologisk og konvensjonell laks, og hvordan andre variabler som kontrakter, forbrukertrender, reguleringer og teknologiske innovasjoner påvirker dette markedet