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Extending the media welfare state: The role of libraries in the Nordic countries
Get PDFAn account of the Nordic media welfare state that does not consider the library sector, its historical mandates, and the role it plays in securing universal access to media content while also contributing to sustaining the media industries, is missing a piece. With this chapter, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of public libraries in relation to a wider media context. As holders of collections of media – books, but also audio and audiovisual media – as well as important enablers of public discussions and events, libraries co-exist with media industries in multiple ways: They purchase media content, promote various forms of media, and compete with the mass media for the attention of the public as well as the resources of the state. We ask questions about the intersections between libraries and the media industries: What are their mandates, social remits, and forms of regulation? What are the challenges that face them today? What are their roles within an extended media welfare state?publishedVersio
Grunnlaget for skattefritaket har ikke endret seg
Get PDFExecutive Master of Management i Internasjonal skatterett fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2025Oppgaven søker å finne om ordlyden i skattebetalingsforskriften, særlig om skattebetalingsforskriften § 5-10a-1 annet ledd, bokstav c, neste siste punktum, åpner for feil trekk av kildeskatt, i hovedsak at det trekkes for lite, men også tilfeller der det trekkes for mye kildeskatt.
Forskriften er noe usammenhengende i sin bruk av «forvalter» og «utenlandsk forvalter», spesielt bruken av «utenlandsk forvalter» fører til EØS-rettslige problemstillinger ettersom dette gjør det lempeligere for en ikke-utenlandsk forvalter. Videre tar forskriften ikke fult ut hensyn til rettsutviklingen internt eller internasjonalt. Rettsutvikling vil føre til at juridiske person som tidligere falt utenfor ordlyden nå er innenfor, og motsatt. Det er også noen formuleringer som går på tvers av asal., asl., verdipapirloven og hvordan kildeskattsystemet for aksjer faktisk fungerer
Oil price shocks on family firms
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This paper aims to investigate how oil price shocks affect Shipping and Oil Service companies, with an emphasis on the difference between Family vs Non-Family Firms.
We will limit this paper to only “larger companies”. Specifically this means that only companies with an Annual Revenue in excess of NOK 200mn, or Total Assets in excess of NOK 1 bn, will be included in the sample.
We analyze the firm exposure to oil price shocks using System GMM and Random Effects models. Our metric for firm performance, Return on Assets (ROA), is calculated as EBIT/Total Assets & EBIT/ENTERPRISE VALUE. For oil service companies there is strong evidence that family firms does relatively better than Non Family Firms, and are less affected by oil price shocks. After extensive research we attribute this effect to the following: Family Firms tend to have a smaller portion of their fleet available in the spot market, and instead focus on long term charters. This is a way of mitigating risk, by giving up additional profit today (spot prices are generally higher than long term contracts) in exchange for secured future income streams. In addition family firms often form tighter relationships with core customers / suppliers. These relationships could be vital for long term survival during cyclical downturns.
For shipping companies on the other hand, the situation in quite different.
The oil price doesn’t seem to have a significant effect on performance for shipping companies as a whole,
or specifically on family vs non-family firms. For futher research on this topic, I suggest to discard shipping companies, and focus solely on Oil Service
A Moment of Freedom? Actions, Voices, and Silence in the Public Space for Free Expression in Kongsberg, 1886–1890
Get PDFArtikkelen diskuterer bevegelser i det lokale ytringsrommet på Kongsberg i årene 1886–1890. Med utgangspunkt i etableringen av en ny, venstre-liberal lokalavis spør undersøkelsen om hendelsen kan ses på som et «frihetens øyeblikk» i offentligheten, slik avisa proklamerte. Artikkelen løfter særlig fram det som ofte havner i en blindsone: avviket, det neglisjerte, det tause, og den viser hvordan det var et knippe kvinnelige frelsesarmeoffiserer som virkelig flyttet ytringsrommets grenser disse årene.A Moment of Freedom? Actions, Voices, and Silence in the Public Space for Free Expression in Kongsberg, 1886–1890publishedVersio
Versality for pairs
Get PDFFor a pair (algebra, module) with equidimensional and isolated singularity we establish the existence of a versal henselian deformation. Obstruction theory in terms of an André-Quillen cohomology for pairs is a central ingredient in the Artin theory used. In particular we give a long exact sequence relating the algebra cohomology and the module cohomology with the cohomology of the pair and define a Kodaira-Spencer class for pairs.publishedVersio
A comparing study of land based fish farming technologies
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This thesis endeavors to empirically evaluate the economic feasibility and ecological sustainability of land-based fish farming in comparison to traditional offshore aquaculture practices. Various sustainability indicators such as fish welfare, growth rate, emissions, electricity consumption, water quality, organic waste, and mortality rates are analyzed to determine if land-based fish farming offers a profitable and sustainable solution to meet increasing global demand for salmon.
The thesis provides estimates of potential costs associated with different technologieswhere the operational EBIT cost in NOK per kg is 68.09 for HFS, 77.11 for RAS, and 55.05 for FTS. Findings indicate that while land-based salmon farming technologies have higher initial capital expenditures, they offer substantial long-term sustainability and operational control benefits. HFS balances the advantages of both RAS and FTS and has progressed further in production, proving its viability on a larger scale. RAS shows promise due to its location independence and potential for reduced environmental impact. FTS, despite being location-dependent and potentially less scalable, has less complex operations and lower operational costs. Although biological costs are escalating, sea-based salmon farming remains immensely profitable, supported by resilient market prices. Land-based farming emerges as a promising alternative, potentially resolving industry challenges. Sensitivity, risk and opportunity analyses further underscored the importance of optimizing operational parameters such as feed conversion rates, mortality rates, and energy consumption to enhance profitability.
In conclusion, assessing the profitability and sustainability of land-based fish farming is intricate. While it holds potential for tackling industry obstacles and fulfilling salmon demand, the sector is in its early stages and requires consistent operations and demonstrable scalability
The organization of semantic associations between senses in language
Get PDFDistributional semantic representations were used to investigate crossmodal correspondences within language, offering a comprehensive analysis of how sensory experiences interconnect in linguistic constructs. By computing semantic proximity between words from different sensory modalities, a crossmodal semantic network was constructed, providing a general view of crossmodal correspondences in the English language. Community detection techniques were applied to unveil domains of experience where crossmodal correspondences were likely to manifest, while also considering the role of affective dimensions in shaping these domains. The study revealed the existence of an architecture of structured domains of experience in language, whereby crossmodal correspondences are deeply embedded. The present research highlights the roles of emotion and statistical associations in the organization of sensory concepts across modalities in language. The domains identified, including food, the body, the physical world and emotions/values, underscored the intricate interplay between the senses, emotion and semantic patterns. These findings align with the embodied lexicon hypothesis and the semantic coding hypothesis, emphasizing the capacity of language to capture and reflect crossmodal correspondences’ emotional and perceptual subtleties in the form of networks, while also revealing opportunities for further perceptual research on crossmodal correspondences and multisensory integration.publishedVersio
Napoleon Bonaparte
Get PDFExecutive Master of Management i Ledelse, makt og mening fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024I vår oppgave har vi valgt å se nærmere på Napoleon Bonaparte, en av de mest omtalte og fascinerende lederne i Europeisk historie. Vi har tatt utgangspunkt i hans spektakulære reise fra barndommen på Korsika til å bli keiser av Frankrike bare 35 år gammel. Hva var det ved denne mannen som gjorde dette mulig? Hvilke lederegenskaper hadde han som gjorde at han brukte 20 år fra han ankom Frankrike for første gang til han ble Frankrikes førstekonsul, og deretter keiser fem år senere?
Dette ønsket vi å finne ut av, og vi laget derfor følgende problemstilling i oppgaven:
Hvilke elementer i Napoleons lederskap kan forklare hans spektakulære fremgang til å bli fransk keiser?
Dette ville vi undersøke ved hjelp av tre underproblemstillinger:
UP1: I hvilken grad ledet Napoleon ut fra en kongstanke?
UP2: I hvilken grad var Napoleon en karismatisk leder?
UP3: I hvilken grad var Napoleon en machiavellisk leder?
Første del av oppgaven gir et innblikk i hans liv via biografien, deretter trekker vi inn relevant teori og går i dybden på hans liv og virke som vi drøfter gjennom å anvende disse teoretiske brillene. Vår metode bygger på den hermeneutiske sirkelvandringen hvor vi utfordre egen eksisterende forforståelse med ny kunnskap og skaper ny forståelse.
Under drøftingen har vi benyttet teori knyttet til Ibsens begrep “kongstanke”, i tillegg har vi betraktet graden av karismatiske- og ikke karismatisk ledelse, sett ut ifra Conger & Kanungos rammeverk og tre faser. Til slutt drøftet vi Napoleons lederstil opp mot begrepet Machiavellisk lederstil. Ut fra disse sirkelvandringene har vi fått en ny forståelse for Napoleon og hans lederstil hvor vi kan si at både hans kongstanke, hans karismatiske lederstil, og hans machiavelliske trekk er sterke forklaringsfaktorer til hvordan hans reise fra en barndom på Korsika til å bli keiser av Frankrike var mulig
Discounting in finite-time bargaining experiments
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of different ways of inducing discounting in alternating-offer bargaining games in the lab. We examine this by following the framework of Ochs and Roth (Am Econ Rev, pp. 355–384, 1989) and test whether the model’s predictions find support in data under three different discounting implementations; the shrinking-pie procedure, the effective-discounting procedure and the bargaining-delay procedure. We find no sensitivity to the number of periods in any of the three procedures. However, we find mixed evidence for the effect of changing the discount factor in the effective-discounting procedure and the shrinking-pie procedure, but the magnitude of effects are small. Furthermore, there was more disagreement in both the effective-discounting and bargaining-delay procedures than in the shrinking-pie procedure.acceptedVersio
An Empirical Analysis of the Nordic Housing Markets: Identifying Indicators of Potential Housing Bubbles and Contagion Between the Countries
Get PDFMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This study investigates potential housing bubbles and contagion effects in the Nordic housing markets, including Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and their capital cities. We use the explosive
PSY methodology for bubble detection and fundamental analysis to quantify the bubble size. Further, we address the contagion effects between the countries. Our evaluation period covers 2000-2023
for national data and 2010-2023 for the capitals. The explosivity test revealed significant bubble behavior only in Denmark before the global financial crisis. Fundamental analysis highlighted overvaluation in all Nordic countries before 2008. By the end of 2023, Norwegian house prices were overvalued by 6.4%. Swedish and Danish house prices aligned with their fundamentals, while Finnish house prices were undervalued by 10.8%. The contagion analysis indicated that explosive behavior can migrate between the Scandinavian
markets