BI Open (Norwegian Business School)
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Hvordan påvirker Kunstig Intelligens-drevne kundeinteraksjoner forbrukerens tillit og tilfredshet til bedrifter i finans- og forsikringssektoren?
Full text linkBacheloroppgave i Markedsføringsledelse fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Innføringen av kunstig intelligens fører til nedbemanninger i næringslivet. Denne bacheloroppgaven undersøker hvordan kunstig intelligens (KI)-drevne kundeinteraksjoner påvirker forbrukerens tillit og tilfredshet med bedrifter i finans- og forsikringssektoren. Oppgaven fokuserer spesifikt på bruk av chatbots som en form for KI-drevet kundeinteraksjon. Problemstillingen er: Hvordan påvirker kunstig intelligens-drevne kundeinteraksjoner forbrukerens tillit og tilfredshet til bedrifter i finans- og forsikringssektoren?
For å belyse problemstillingen er det utviklet en konseptuell modell basert på tre teoretiske modeller og en omfattende litteraturgjennomgang. Modellen vurderer oppfattet nytte, brukervennlighet og risiko i forhold til tillit og kundetilfredshet. Seks hypoteser er formulert basert på disse faktorene.
Studien anvender en kvantitativ metode med et deskriptivt forskningsdesign. Data ble samlet inn gjennom en spørreskjemaundersøkelse rettet mot to grupper respondenter: én gruppe som fikk en dårlig chatbot og én gruppe med en god chatbot. Analysene viser at en dårlig chatbot fører til en større reduksjon i både tillit og tilfredshet sammenlignet med en god chatbot. Regresjonsanalysene bekrefter at oppfattet risiko er den faktoren som påvirker nedgangen mest
Utredning av det norske skattesystemet med fokus på formuesskatt
Full text linkBacheloroppgave i Økonomi og administrasjon med regnskapsutdanning fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Denne bacheloroppgaven tar for seg ulike egenskaper og kjennetegn ved det norske skattesystemet, hvor vi går inn på ulike effektivitetstap og formuesbeskatning. Oppgaven starter med en grundig gjennomgang av det norske skattesystemet på generell basis, hvor vi går inn på hvordan skatter og avgifter er med på å finansiere ulike offentlige tjenester som helse, utdanning og infrastruktur. Det identifiseres fire hovedformål med skatter, og det norske skattesystemet er bygget på prinsippet om at alle skal betale skatt i henhold til evne, og motta støtte når det er nødvendig. Dette sikrer økonomisk utjevning under fordelingshensyn, som er et av de fire hovedformålene med skatt.
Videre i oppgaven går vi inn på hvordan effektivitetstap oppstår som følge av at staten innfører skatter og avgifter på ulike varer og tjenester. Samfunnsøkonomiske effektivitetstap, også kalt dødvektstap, refererer til den økonomiske kostnaden som oppstår når en forstyrrer markedets naturlige likevekt med å pålegge avgifter eller skatter. Dette oppstår på grunn av ineffektiv ressursutnyttelse når prisene ikke reflekterer kostnadene ved produserte varer og tjenester. Her benytter vi ulik teori og fremstiller effektivtetstapene grafisk.
Formuesskatten er en omdiskutert skatteform, mye grunnet dens innvirkning på både privatøkonomi og næringsliv. Vi tar i denne delen utgangspunkt i rapporten “Et helhetlig skattesystem” fra Norges offentlige utredninger og trekker inn relevante artikler underveis. Norge er et av få land som fortsatt opererer med denne skatteformen, og formuesskatten bidrar til å redusere ulikheter ved å beskatte personer med høy formue. Vi går igjennom ulike egenskaper ved formuesskatten, der både positive og negative sider trekkes frem. På den ene siden brukes formuesskatten som et sentralt verktøy for omfordeling og det offentliges behov for inntekter, mens på den andre siden kan den føre til likviditetsproblemer, utflytting og påvirke sparing negativt.
Avslutningsvis ser vi på erstatninger til formuesskatten, hvor arveavgiften og Pigou-skatter vurderes som alternativer. Selv om arveavgiften ble avskaffet i 2014, foreslår både NOUs utvalg og OECD den som en mer rettferdig og presis erstatning. Vi trekker i tillegg inn Pigou-skatter, som miljøavgifter, for å redusere negative eksternaliteter, samtidig som skatteinntektene opprettholdes
Common Trends and Country Specific Heterogeneities in Long-Run World Energy Consumption
Full text linkWe employ a semiparametric functional coefficient panel approach to allow an economic relationship of interest to have both country-specific heterogeneity and a common component that may be nonlinear in the covariate and may vary over time. Surfaces of the common component of coefficients and partial derivatives (elasticities) are estimated and then decomposed by functional principal components, and we introduce a bootstrap-based procedure for inference on the loadings of the functional principal components. Applying this approach to national energyGDP elasticities, we find that elasticities are driven by common components that are distinct across two groups of countries yet have leading functional principal components that share similarities. The groups roughly correspond to OECD and non-OECD countries, but we utilize a novel methodology to regroup countries based on common energy consumption patterns to minimize root mean squared error within groups. The common component of the group containing more developed countries has an additional functional principal component that decreases the elasticity of the wealthiest countries in recent decades
Does grade point average have a long-lasting impact on career success later in life? A resource caravans' perspective from adolescence to mid-career
Full text linkWe draw on a resource caravans' perspective to explain pathways to career success among a longitudinal sample, covering the first 15 years of their careers. By applying a latent growth model, we investigate how the role of university grade point average (GPA) on career success changes across time. The results from latent growth curve analysis revealed that GPA was not positively related to initial levels of career success (i.e., salary and leadership level), however, GPA was positively related to increases in career success over time and positively related to subjective career success. These findings indicate that the positive impact of GPA on career success accumulates over time, in line with the resource caravans and gain spirals of conservation of resources theory. Further, we examine the joint role of GPA and affective-identity motivation to lead (MTL) measured at the start of university studies to explain growth in career success over time. As expected, affective identity MTL moderated the relationship between GPA and leadership level, salary level and subjective career success, such that the positive relationship was stronger for individuals higher on affective-identity MTL. Our findings highlight that the pathway to career success is based on gain spirals that may develop slowly over time as individuals accumulate resources in their resource caravan and invest these resources further to achieve their career outcomes. Implications for practice are discussed.publishedVersionpublishedVersio
Key Performance Indicators for SEO: A Comparison of B2B and B2C
Full text linkMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Marketing - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024The rapidly evolving digital landscape has significantly transformed how businesses approach marketing, with search engine optimization (SEO) becoming critical for online visibility and success. This study investigates the key performance indicators (KPIs) essential for measuring SEO effectiveness. It explores the sequential relationships in the consumer journey through organic search within business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) sectors.
By utilizing secondary data, the study identifies KPIs like Position, Impressions, Clicks, Sessions, Conversions, and Total Revenue by combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from industry experts. The findings indicate a significant distinction between B2B and B2C companies regarding SEO KPIs. There is a clear sequential relationship from Clicks to Total Revenue for the B2C company, and the B2B company shows a sequential relationship up to Conversions. The study emphasizes the importance of focusing on SEO KPIs to improve companies' digital performance
Options Trading and its Predictive Power on Short-Term Stock Market Movements
Full text linkMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Investigating options trading from 2021-2023, we find that the predictive power of the options market on the underlying stock market has changed relative to previous studies. Prior studies examine market data from 1995-2010, before the introduction of short-term options and the rise of retail options trading. We find, in contrast to previous studies, that call options are more statistically significant predictors of share price movements than put options. Moreover, we find that heightened call options trading predicts negative next-day returns, while heightened put options trading predicts positive returns, contrary to common intuition. These relationships change across different years and market structures but are consistent in the direction of their prediction. Additionally, we find no evidence that option traders within the longer dated options market are more sophisticated than traders in the shorted dated options market
Prosjektoppgave i arbeidsrett og arbeidsliv
No full textExecutive Master of Management i Arbeidsrett og arbeidsliv fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 202
Estimating the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution using Dividend Tax News Shocks
Full text linkThis paper studies the spending response to news about a dividend tax reform to estimate the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS). The Norwegian dividend tax reform was proposed in 2003, announced in 2004, and implemented in 2006, raising the dividend tax rate by 28 percentage points. We compare the spending responses of exposed households to a control group with no dividend income. Exposed households increased spending after the news and reduced spending after implementation. We
show that this behavior is only consistent with an EIS above one. Using a capitalistworker framework, we estimate the EIS to be around 1.6
Consumer Dirtwork: What Extraordinary Consumption Reveals about the Usefulness of Dirt
Full text linkSocieties create material, social, and moral boundaries that define who and what is dirty. “Dirt” encompasses literal and figurative things—objects, beings, ideas—that transgress these boundaries and thus are “out of place.” Previous research describing how consumers avoid and manage dirt assumes that dirt is aversive. The concept of consumer dirtwork emerged from our examination of self-described “dirtbag” wilderness consumers. Dirtwork reveals the potential usefulness of dirt. Instead of cleaning, dirtworkers redraw dirt boundaries, revealing resources they then work to capture. Boundary redrawing describes a continuum of adjustments to dirt boundaries, ranging from small shifts to complete inversions. Resourcing work describes the efforts required to capture the resources that are uncovered by boundary redrawing. Dirtwork results in challenges and rewards, and offers the possibility of continued dirtwork-resourced consumption. Dirtwork contributes by revealing the process wherein consumers make use of dirt, thus demonstrating the usefulness of dirt and fluidity of dirt boundaries. Dirtwork provides a useful lens for understanding consumer behaviors that do not aspire or cannot conform to socially-imposed cleanliness rules, including stigmatized, mundane, and extraordinary consumption. Dirtwork challenges assumptions that clean is good, socially-valuable, safe, and sustainable, and implicit associations of dirt with danger, stigma, and unsustainability.Consumer Dirtwork: What Extraordinary Consumption Reveals about the Usefulness of DirtpublishedVersio
Analyzing the Incentive Effect of Cost of Capital on ESG Score, A GMM Panel Estimation
Full text linkMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024/
Masteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This thesis investigates whether differences in the cost of capital between high and low ESG performers influence future changes in ESG scores. We develop a novel factor, the ESG cost of capital-discount, calculated by subtracting the average WACC of the lowest ESG quintile from the highest ESG quintile. Our study employs both CAPM and implied cost of equity to measure this discount across a sample of S&P 500 firms from 2002 to 2022. We find that firms with lower ESG scores tend to improve their ESG performance to benefit from lower financing costs. Additionally, we observe that the ESG cost of capital-discount is consistently negative, indicating that higher ESG performance is associated with a lower cost of capital. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the financial incentives for firms to enhance their ESG scores and provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders on fostering sustainable corporate practices