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Multisensory Food Experiences in Northern Norway: An Exploratory Study
Full text linkIntrinsic and extrinsic sensory elements influence our food experiences. However, most research on extrinsic multisensory aspects of food has centered on WEIRD (White, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) urban participants. This study breaks from this trend by investigating multisensory food experiences in the context of Northern Norway, a region characterized by distinct seasonal shifts, harsh arctic weather, unique atmospheric phenomena (e.g., the midnight sun and northern lights), limited food growth opportunities, and a rich Sámi cultural heritage. Our aim was to unravel the formation and development of multisensory food experiences within a culturally and environmentally specific framework. Our exploratory research used participant observation and interviews, involving four researchers from diverse backgrounds who closely examined multisensory food experiences within four Northern Norwegian food-related tourism businesses, all infused with Sámi cultural elements. Our findings suggest four major themes: (1) Experience elements, involving elements associated with plants, animals, and inanimate objects; (2) Bipolar concepts, which refer to opposing dimensions where experience elements varied, notably in the interplay between Sámi and Norwegian traditions; (3) Sensory stories, which highlight the narratives, enriching the eating experience with context, such as tales of dining under the captivating northern lights; and (4) Values, which indicate guiding principles shaping these experiences on a broader scale, emphasizing support for local traditions and culture. Our main contribution is the presentation of a new contextual framework of multisensory food experiences, which can be applicable to studying food experiences in other contexts.publishedVersio
Bacheloroppgave i Prosjektledelse
Full text linkBacheloroppgave i Økonomi og administrasjon fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024De siste ti årene har bruken av midlertidig arbeidskraft økt betydelig. Dette kan tenkes å ha en påvirkning på hvordan prosjektteam er sammensatt og jobber sammen, som igjen kan påvirke virksomheten som eier prosjektene. I denne oppgaven ønsker vi å se på de komplekse dynamikkene som oppstår når faste ansatte og konsulenter jobber sammen i et prosjektteam for å nå et felles mål. Spesifikt ønsker vi å se på hvordan denne kombinasjonen påvirker motivasjonen, kommunikasjonen, selve prosjektteamet, og hvilken innvirkning dette har på kompetanseoverføring i virksomheten. På bakgrunn av dette lyder problemstillingen vi ønsker å besvare som følger:
«Hvordan påvirkes motivasjon, kommunikasjon og prosjektteamet av kombinasjonen mellom faste ansatte og konsulenter, og hvilken rolle spiller dette for kompetanseoverføringen i virksomheten?»
For å besvare problemstillingen har vi valgt å fokusere litteraturen i teoridelen vår på emnene prosjektteam, kommunikasjon, motivasjon, læring og kompetanseoverføring. Særlig har vi sett på litteratur som omhandler prosjektteam, spesielt de som består av faste ansatte og konsulenter. For å undersøke problemstillingen nærmere og skape et mer nyansert og helhetlig bilde, har vi gjennomført to studier: en kvalitativ studie blant faste ansatte og en kvantitativ studie blant konsulenter som arbeider i prosjekt. Vi har presentert resultatene gjennom tabeller og sammendrag, og vurdert validiteten, reliabiliteten og overførbarheten til studiene
FOMC Statements: LLMs vs Traditional Methods for Inflation Sentiment Extraction
Full text linkMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Data Science for Business - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of different Natural Language Processing (NLP) sentiment models in predicting the inflation expectations of economic agents based on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) communications. We provide two new fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) Flan-T5, and BERT, trained specifically for deriving the inflation sentiment of FOMC minutes and Bank of England (BoE) Monetary Policy Reports. To see how these models compares with the current sentiment methods used in economic research regarding inflation sentiment, we evaluate a total of five sentiment models: the two mentioned fine-tune LLMs, two dictionary based models, and a state-of-the-art chatbot from OpenAI. Our findings indicate inflation sentiment from the fine tuned BERT model, demonstrated slightly better predictive power regarding economic agents’ inflation expectations when controlling for other macroeconomic variables
Oppleves all involvering som involvering?; Betydningen av mellomlederes opplevelse av involvering i endringsprosesser
Full text linkExecutive Master of Management i Endringsledelse fra Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024Temaet for denne studien er mellomlederes opplevelse av involvering i endringsprosesser og om typen involvering er av betydning for endringsprosessen. Studien undersøker mellomlederes opplevelse av å være operativt, men ikke strategisk involvert i en endringsprosess, og hvordan denne opplevelsen har påvirket gjennomføringen og utfallet av en endringsprosess. Caset vi har valgt er to rørleggerfirma på Innlandet som fusjonerte høsten 2023.
For å besvare problemstillingen «Hvilken betydning har mellomlederes opplevelse av involvering for en endringsprosess?» har vi benyttet en kvalitativ tilnærming, der vi intervjuet åtte mellomledere fra casebedriften for å utforske deres opplevelse av involvering i endringsprosessen. Videre har vi gjennom våre funn identifisert betydningen av deres opplevelse for endringsprosessen. Vi identifiserte tre hovedområder hvor mellomleders opplevelse av involvering er av avgjørende betydning for en endringsprosess: opplevelse av innsikt og informasjon, opplevelse av eierskap og ansvarsfølelse og opplevelse av trygghet rundt medarbeidernes situasjon. Studien viser at operativ involvering ikke kan erstatte strategisk involvering av mellomledere på disse områdene. Manglende strategisk involvering førte til et implementerings-gap, grunnet manglende innsikt, ansvarsfølelse og eierskap hos mellomlederne. Tilsvarende førte manglende anerkjennelse og delaktighet til stor grad av manglende engasjement og til dels motstand hos mellomlederne. Strategisk involvering var også av avgjørende betydning når det gjaldt sensemaking overfor medarbeiderne. I mangelen på strategisk involvering ble mellomlederne like utrygge på medarbeidernes fremtid som de selv var, hvilket førte til frustrasjon, distansering og uro. Dette resulterte i at flere medarbeidere valgte å avslutte sitt arbeidsforhold i bedriften.
Operativ involvering alene er ikke nok til at mellomlederne kan komme i posisjon til å bidra til en vellykket endringsprosess. Mangelen på strategisk involvering har ført til manglende innsikt, eierskap og ansvarsfølelse, og vanskeliggjort sensemaking-arbeidet. Til tross for at det er forsket mye på mellomlederes rolle i endringsprosesser, har tematikken om hvordan deres opplevelse av involvering kan påvirke gjennomføringen og utfallet av endringsprosess vært mer implisitt enn eksplisitt omtalt i litteraturen. Vår studie tilfører således ny kunnskap om dette temaet
The relationship between the leader-member-exchange and dimensions of employees' perceptions of supervisor performance feedback, and the mediating role of new ways of working
Full text linkMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Leadership and Organizational Psychology - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024As organizations adjust to a more digitalized world, they are increasingly adopting New Ways of Working (NWW) to enhance employee autonomy and work performance. Previous research on NWW has primarily focused on comparing the effects of hybrid work and traditional work contexts on employee outcomes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is minimal research examining the impact of NWW on interaction patterns within leader-member exchange (LMX). Additionally, there appears to be limited research on the impact of LMX on perceived supervisor performance feedback in flexible work contexts. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the mediating effect of NWW on the relationship between LMX-quality and employees' perceptions of supervisor performance feedback. Further, this thesis emphasizes a longitudinal research design to investigate this relationship from an employee perspective.
Finally, the results revealed a significant indirect effect of NWW on the relationship between LMX and perceived immediacy and frequency of supervisor performance feedback, as well as on the relationship between LMX and perceived constructiveness of supervisor performance feedback. Further, limitations and practical implications have been discussed to provide organizations with guidance on understanding the potential benefits of utilizing NWW and identifying key drivers for organizational success.
Keywords: New Ways of Working, NWW, Leader-member-exchange theory (LMX), LMX theory, supervisor performance feedback, perceived immediacy and frequency of supervisor performance feedback, perceived constructiveness of supervisor performance feedback
Impact of Contractionary Monetary Policy on the S&P 500
Full text linkMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2024This thesis investigates the effects of an increase in the Federal Funds rate on the S&P 500 index from 2003 to 2023. Utilizing a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model, we analyzed the impact of monetary policy on stock prices, incorporating variables such as consumer prices, commodity prices, and industrial production. Our findings show a negative correlation between the Federal Funds rate and the S&P 500, with an unexpected 1% increase in the interest rate leading to an immediate 0.58% drop in stock prices. These results suggest that the influence of the Federal Funds rate on American stock prices has diminished over time. This study contributes to the understanding of monetary policy's evolving impact on financial markets, providing valuable insights for investors and policymakers
EU's “three-in-seven” road haulage cabotage rule – Impact imbalances across member states and the geography
No full textRoad cabotage within the EU, as a share of domestic transport of goods, varies greatly across member states. This can partly be attributed to EU's regime for consecutive cabotage. In addition to economic factors that reflect incomplete market integration, spatial factors appear to affect the impact of the current regime. The impact seems stronger for geographically large and centrally located countries with interregional homogeneity in trade. This may reflect that foreign hauliers under such conditions can utilize the characteristics of their standardized long-range trucks better, or because the likelihood of successfully fixing three favourable long-distance cabotage assignments within the seven days limit increases. Potential amendments to regulations in order to equalize the impact of EU's consecutive cabotage regime across member states' spatial characteristics include removing the limits to the number of trips within the seven days' time frame or shortening the time frame for carrying out the current maximum of three trips.publishedVersio
De foreningsrettslige utrenskningene i Danmark og Norge etter 1945 SAGFØRERSAMFUNDET OG SAKFØRERFORENINGEN
Full text linkDespite vigorous debates on the post-World War II court settlements, interest in internal disciplinary settlements of professional associations has been limited in both Norway and Denmark. The major exception in Norway has been a heated debate following the report from the Norwegian Authors’ Union’s disciplinary committee (æresrettutvalget) in 2018.
This article compares the disciplinary settlements and purges in the two countries following liberation. A major difference was in the willingness to review disciplinary measures taken by associations before World War II. Danish courts showed far greater willingness than their Norwegian counterparts to review disciplinary decisions that association members found unjust. The quality of decisions by Danish courts improved still more after the Danish Sagførersamfundet came to understand that members who felt they had received unfair treatment could turn to the courts with a real chance of having the decision overturned.
In Norway, only one appeal of a disciplinary action (expulsion) was brought to the courts after liberation. This occurred in 1953, long after the disciplinary settlements were over. In other words, association purges in Norway after liberation took place without court supervision. This fact has been almost absent from the debate since the 2018 report of the Norwegian Authors’ Union’s disciplinary committee.
Bar associations could be expected to provide more comprehensively for their members’ legal protection than other post-liberation professional associations. This was indeed the case in the well-regulated Danish Sagførersamfundet, but less so in the Norwegian Sakførerforeningen. In Norway, the possibility of contradiction seems to have been very limited, meaning that the accused had no real opportunity to challenge an accusation before the sanction was imposed, especially for members who had been affiliated with the National Socialist Party. Additionally, there was no appeals process. Perhaps the most problematic aspect of the Sakførerforeningen’s purification process was that key leaders, who played a central role in formulating the guidelines for sanctioning „unpatriotic attitudes,“ had themselves engaged in similar behavior during Norway’s occupation.acceptedVersio
Reflective insight article: What do sport journalists report on most from a corruption trial
Full text linkResearch suggests that the news media may be biased in terms of both what criminal cases are reported and the focus of report from the selected criminal cases. Journalists report from courtrooms when the criminal cases have certain characteristics. According to Wilberg and Gottschalk (2014), potentially long prison sentences, money involved, and famous defendants are some of the characteristics when selecting and reporting from white-collar crime cases. White-collar crime refers to financial crime committed by a person of
respectability and high social status in the course of a leading professional position by abuse of trust and access to resources (Gottschalk, 2022).acceptedVersio
On a Sustainable Training of Large Language Models for Source Code
Full text linkLarge language models (LLMs) have gained widespread attention and user adoption. These models, when trained on source code from platforms like GitHub, acquire a deep understanding of both the semantic and syntactic structures of code (i.e., code language models or CLMs). While CLMs offer tremendous assistance in software engineering tasks, their massive data requirements result in substantial energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In this work, we aim to find solutions to help reduce the environmental impact of training CLMs. Rather than following the conventional wisdom that “more data is better”, we advocate for a refined approach to data in the training of CLMs. We propose that by intentionally decreasing training data volume while simultaneously enhancing data quality through data refinement techniques, we can reduce energy consumption while maintaining or even improving performance on software engineering tasks.publishedVersio