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Analysis Of Traffic Accidents Using Machine Learning Under Pandemic Conditions
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2019 affected all aspects of life, including spiritual, psychological, social, economic, health and transportation aspects. Despite its negative consequences, however, the COVID-19 pandemic also produced some positive results. This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on killed-and-injured traffic accidents in metropolitan cities and Zonguldak Province in Turkey from 2012–2019 using the Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) algorithm. Nonlinear regression analyses were performed using machine learning in Python programming language on the Google Colab platform. The analysis provided an estimated number of accidents for 2020, which was compared with the real killed-and-injured accidents data from metropolitan cities and in Zonguldak in 2020. The comparison showed that COVID-19 lockdowns caused a decrease in traffic accidents in metropolitan cities and Zonguldak Province, except in Diyarbakır and Ordu. It has been revealed that the number of traffic accidents predicted by machine learning algorithms in metropolitan areas for 2020 is 18.3% higher than the number of traffic accidents in 2020. Therefore, although accurate predictions can be made with machine learning, it has been observed that there may be a margin of error in extraordinary situations such as earthquakes, wars and pandemics
The effect of individual education and care provided in living spaces to pregnant women in the earthquake region on prenatal distress, risk perception, and labour anxiety
No full textBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of individual education and care given to pregnant women in their living spaces on prenatal distress, risk perception, and labour anxiety.MethodThe study was conducted with 60 pregnant women primiparous pregnant women over 20 weeks of gestation. Data for this quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest designed randomised control group study were collected using the Prenatal Distress Scale, the Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire, and the Oxford Worries about Labour Scale. Education and care were provided in four 30-minute sessions, scheduled on mutually agreed-upon days and times in the living spaces of the pregnant women in the intervention group. These sessions were based on modules prepared by the researchers according to the women's trimesters. Pregnant women in the control group received routine pregnancy follow-ups concurrently with the intervention group.ResultsThe mean posttest score of the pregnant women was 33.5 +/- 4.1 in the intervention group and 23.6 +/- 4.9 in the control group (p = 0.001). The mean posttest score for the Risk Perception Scale was 3 +/- 0.9 in the intervention group and 5.6 +/- 2.2 in the control group. For Prenatal Distress, the mean post-test score was 1.4 +/- 2.2 in the intervention group and 13.2 +/- 9.1 in the control group (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study show that providing education to pregnant women in their living spaces following a disaster effectively reduces their risk perceptions, prenatal distress, and labour anxiety.Date of registration26.10.2023 (NCT06110819)
The relationship between critical thinking disposition and decision-making competencies of mid-level managers working in Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı (TPAO)
Full text linkBu araştırma, kamu kurumlarında görev yapan orta düzey yöneticilerin eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ile karar verme yetkinlikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı (TPAO) örneğinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Günümüz kamu yönetiminde, yöneticilerin hızlı, doğru ve stratejik kararlar alabilmesi, kurumsal başarının temel unsurlarındandır. Özellikle kriz dönemlerinde yönetsel yetkinlikler ve eleştirel düşünme becerileri daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Araştırmada, eleştirel düşünmenin karar alma süreçlerine etkisi, literatür ve saha verileri ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel yöntem kullanılmış; TPAO'da görevli orta düzey yöneticilerden toplanan veriler analiz edilerek yöneticilerin eleştirel düşünme eğilim düzeyleri ile karar verme yetkinlikleri arasındaki ilişki ortaya konmuştur. Bulgular, bu iki değişken arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermekte; eleştirel düşünme eğilim düzeyinin yüksek olduğu durumlarda karar verme yetkinliğinin de arttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Tez, kamu kurumlarında karar alma süreçlerinin daha etkili hale getirilmesi için eleştirel düşünme becerilerinin geliştirilmesi gerektiğini önermekte ve bu alandaki literatüre teorik ve pratik katkılar sunmaktadır.This study aims to examine the relationship between the critical thinking dispositions and decision-making competencies of mid-level managers working in public institutions, using the case of the Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO). In contemporary public administration, the ability of managers to make rapid, accurate, and strategic decisions is a key factor in organizational success. These managerial competencies and critical thinking skills become even more crucial during times of crisis. The study evaluates the impact of critical thinking on decision-making processes through both literature review and empirical data. A quantitative research method was employed, and data collected from mid-level managers at TPAO were analyzed to determine the correlation between their critical thinking dispositions and decision-making competencies. The findings reveal a significant relationship between these two variables, indicating that higher levels of critical thinking disposition are associated with greater decision-making competence. This thesis suggests that developing critical thinking skills is essential for enhancing decision-making processes in public institutions and offers both theoretical and practical contributions to the literature in this field
Mechanical Stabilization of Granular Soils with Chicken Feather Fiber Waste
No full textTaking into account that 26 billion chickens were produced worldwide in 2021, a total of 2.6 million tons of chicken feather waste is generated for consumed chickens. Methods such as burning and burying are commonly utilized for the disposal of chicken feather waste, especially burning pollutes the environment. Recently, it has been shown that organic fibers can be used as an alternative to synthetic fibers for soil improvement by reinforcing them. This study examined the usability of chicken feathers as an alternative to organic fibers. In this context, chicken feathers obtained from chicken production facilities were processed and chicken feather fibers were obtained. The sand soil reinforced with 0.2% and 0.4% fibers were tested in a direct shear test apparatus. The data obtained indicated an increase in peak shear strength values in the range of 16-25% and residual shear strength values in the range of 23.5-34.6%. The highest strength values were obtained with 0.2% reinforcement. According to findings, it was found that the soil has a saturation point in chicken feather fiber reinforcement and the amounts of fiber on it are of no benefit. In summary, chicken feathers that need to be discarded can be used as a promising soil stabilization method. Considering all these advantages, chicken feather fibers can be considered a favorable alternative for soil stabilization in terms of their contribution to both the economy and nature
An analysis of factors influencing the corporate sustainability performance of companies: A study on emerging markets and world sustainability index companies
No full textBu çalışma, işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik performansını etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmeyi ve gelişmekte olan piyasalar ile dünya sürdürülebilirlik endeksindeki işletmelerin arasındaki farklılıkları analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Günümüz iş dünyasında çevresel, sosyal ve yönetişim (ÇSY) konularına yönelik artan farkındalık, işletmelerin sadece finansal değil, sürdürülebilirlik performansları açısından da değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, araştırma; kurumsal yönetişim yapıları, finansal göstergeler ve sektörel hassasiyet gibi değişkenlerin sürdürülebilirlik performansı üzerindeki etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında, Dow Jones Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi'nde yer alan gelişmekte olan piyasalar ve dünya piyasaları endekslerindeki işletmelerin verileri analiz edilmiştir. Panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarak, 2016-2022 yıllarını kapsayan verilerle üç temel sürdürülebilirlik göstergesi (çevresel, sosyal ve yönetişim açıklama skoru) ve sürdürülebilirlik genel skoru bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada bağımsız değişkenler; kurumsal yönetim yapısına ilişkin göstergeler, finansal performans ölçütleri ile işletme ve ülke düzeyine ait yapısal değişkenlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik açıklamalarını etkileyen kurumsal ve finansal faktörleri hem gelişmekte olan hem de dünya piyasaları bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Ayrıca sektörlerin çevresel hassasiyet düzeyi (hassas-hassas olmayan sektörler) dikkate alınarak açıklama davranışlarının sektörel farklılıkları da analiz edilmiştir. Panel veri analizlerine dayalı olarak çevresel, sosyal, yönetişim ve genel sürdürülebilirlik açıklama skorları dört başlık altında değerlendirilmiştir. Çevresel açıklama skorları bağlamında, gelişmekte olan piyasalarda CEO'nun yönetim kurulu üyeliği, hisse başına kazanç, borç/özsermaye oranı, net kâr gibi finansal performans ve yönetim yapısına ilişkin değişkenler anlamlı bulunmuştur. Dünya piyasalarında ise çalışan sayısı, bağımsız yönetim kurulu oranı ve AR-GE yoğunluğu gibi yapısal ve inovasyon odaklı değişkenler belirleyici olmuştur. Sektörel analizde, çalışan sayısı, FAVÖK, borçluluk ve piyasa değeri gibi göstergeler her iki sektör grubunda da çevresel açıklamaları etkileyen ortak faktörler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Sosyal açıklama skorları açısından, borç/özsermaye oranı ve hisse başına kazanç her iki piyasa ve sektör grubunda anlamlı bulunmuş; bu durum sosyal açıklamaların finansal sağlamlıkla yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Gelişmekte olan piyasalarda yönetişim mekanizmaları (kurumsal yönetim komitesi, denetim yapısı) ve AR-GE yoğunluğu sosyal açıklamaları etkilerken, hassas sektörlerde kadın yönetici oranı ve denetim kalitesi öne çıkmıştır. Yönetişim açıklama skorları bağlamında, her iki piyasa ve sektör grubunda bağımsız yönetim kurulu oranı, denetim komitesinin bağımsızlığı, denetçinin görev süresi, aktif kârlılık ve borçluluk düzeyi gibi değişkenlerin anlamlı etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, yönetişim açıklamalarında daha evrensel bir şeffaflık ve kontrol ihtiyacına işaret etmektedir. Genel sürdürülebilirlik açıklama skorları ise görece daha sınırlı sayıda değişkenle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Denetçinin görev süresi, borç/özsermaye oranı ve piyasa değeri hem piyasa türüne hem de sektör hassasiyetine göre ortak belirleyici faktörler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın genel bulguları, sürdürülebilirlik açıklamalarının; işletmelerin finansal yapısı, yönetişim mekanizmaları, performans göstergeleri ve inovasyon kapasitesi gibi çok boyutlu faktörlerden etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca açıklamaların hem piyasa gelişmişliğine hem de sektör hassasiyetine göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasında tek tip bir yaklaşım yerine, sektör ve piyasa özelliklerini dikkate alan esnek ve çok katmanlı politikaların benimsenmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, işletmelere sürdürülebilirlik performanslarını iyileştirmek için dikkate almaları gereken kurumsal ve finansal faktörleri ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın literatüre katkısı, gelişmekte olan piyasalar ve dünya endeksleri bağlamında sürdürülebilirlik performansına etki eden faktörlerin karşılaştırmalı ve sektörel ayrım gözetilerek analiz edilmesidir. Sonuç olarak bu tez, işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik stratejilerini daha etkin oluşturabilmeleri için kapsamlı bir veri temelli analiz sunmakta, aynı zamanda politika yapıcılar için sürdürülebilirlik odaklı düzenlemelere zemin hazırlamaktadır. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalar için sektörel derinlik ve zaman boyutunun etkisinin daha fazla dikkate alınması önerilmektedir.This study aims to identify the factors influencing corporate sustainability performance and to analyze the differences between firms listed in emerging markets and in the world sustainability index. In today's business environment, the growing awareness of environmental, social, and governance issues necessitates evaluating companies not only based on their financial performance but also on their sustainability performance. In this context, the research comprehensively examines the effects of various factors such as corporate governance structures, financial indicators, and sectoral sensitivity on sustainability performance. The study analyzes data from companies listed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, specifically within the Emerging Markets and World Markets Index. Employing panel data analysis, the research covers the period from 2016 to 2022 and uses three primary sustainability indicators (environmental, social, and governance disclosure scores) as well as an overall sustainability disclosure score as dependent variables. Independent variables include corporate and financial characteristics such as board structure, proportion of female executives, audit committees, financial structure, market value, and profitability. This research provides a comparative examination of the institutional and financial determinants of sustainability disclosure in both emerging and world markets. It also investigates sectoral differences in disclosure behavior by accounting for environmental sensitivity (sensitive vs non-sensitive sectors). Based on the panel data analyses, disclosure scores for environmental, social, governance, and overall sustainability dimensions are assessed under four main categories. In terms of environmental disclosure scores, financial performance and governance-related variables such as CEO board membership, earnings per share, debt-to-equity ratio, and net profit are found to be significant in emerging markets. In global markets, structural and innovation-oriented factors such as number of employees, proportion of independent board members, and R&D intensity emerge as significant determinants. Sectoral analysis reveals that variables such as number of employees, EBITDA, leverage, and market value are commonly influential across both sector groups. Regarding social disclosure scores, the debt-to-equity ratio and earnings per share are significant across both market and sector groups, indicating a strong link between social disclosures and financial robustness. In emerging markets, governance mechanisms (e.g., corporate governance committee, audit structure) and R&D intensity impact social disclosures, while in sensitive sectors, the proportion of female executives and audit quality stand out. For governance disclosure scores, variables such as the proportion of independent board members, independence of the audit committee, auditor tenure, return on assets, and leverage are found to be significant across both markets and sector groups. This suggests a universal need for transparency and control in governance reporting. In contrast, overall sustainability disclosure scores are associated with a relatively limited number of factors. Auditor tenure, debt-to-equity ratio, and market value are identified as common determinants across both market types and sectoral sensitivities. The general findings of the study reveal that sustainability disclosures are influenced by a multidimensional set of factors, including a firm's financial structure, governance mechanisms, performance indicators, and innovation capacity. Additionally, the results indicate significant variations in disclosure practices depending on market maturity and sectoral sensitivity. These findings suggest that instead of adopting a one-size-fits-all approach, flexible and multi-layered policies that consider market and sector-specific characteristics should be implemented in sustainability reporting. The results provide practical insights for companies seeking to improve their sustainability performance by highlighting the relevant institutional and financial factors. Furthermore, the study contributes to the existing literature by offering a comparative and sectorally disaggregated analysis of the determinants of sustainability performance in both emerging and global market contexts. In conclusion, this thesis presents a comprehensive data-driven analysis to support the development of more effective corporate sustainability strategies and offers a foundation for sustainability-oriented regulations. Future studies are recommended to further explore sectoral depth and the temporal dimension in evaluating sustainability performance
Verbal encouragement in coaching: enhancing small-sided game performance in youth basketball players
No full textBackground Verbal coach encouragement is a key motivational strategy that enhances skill development, game strategy execution, and team cohesion. In youth basketball, where players are still developing technical and decision-making abilities, coach encouragement can play a crucial role in sustaining effort, improving focus, and fostering resilience under small-sided games (SSGs). This study investigated how coach encouragement (CE) influences young basketball players' technical performance and psychophysiological responses during competitive gameplay.Methods Sixteen male basketball players (age = 15.19 +/- 1.05 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, mood states and technical activities were recorded with coach encouragement and without coach encouragement during SSGs.Results The results showed that SSGs with coach encouragement were associated with significantly higher heart rate (p <= 0.05, d = 1.69), maximum heart rate percentage (p <= 0.05, d = 1.15), ratings of perceived exertion (p <= 0.05, d = 1.69), enjoyment (p <= 0.007, d = 0.86), technical abilities (e.g., successful passes and shots; p <= 0.05, d ranging from 1.08 to 1.25), and fatigue (p <= 0.03, d = 1.47).Conclusion The findings of this study highlight the importance of CE in improving the psychophysiological and technical abilities of young basketball players during SSGs. CE improves coach-athlete relationships and increases game performance.Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, RVO (FNBr) [65269705]The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, RVO (FNBr, 65269705)
Robust Concentration Gradient Co-Free Ni-Rich Cathodes Enable Long-Life and Safe Operations in High-Voltage Li-Ion Batteries
No full textCo-free Ni-rich cathodes are the most cost-competitive for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries (LIBs), but their commercial applications are hindered by structural instability and severe interface side reactions compared to those of Co-contained cathodes. Herein, we successfully construct a concentration-gradient LiNi0.753Mn0.247O2 cathode that consists of the elongated and radially aligned primary particles through Mo-Ti-Mg doping. The microcracks and Li/Ni disorder are greatly inhibited with high structural stability. The Co-free Ni-rich cathodes also exhibit a low Li-ion diffusion energy barrier with enhanced reaction kinetics. Besides, the lattice oxygen loss is also reduced due to the stronger Mo-O and Ti-O bonds, further alleviating the undesirable surface parasitic reactions with the electrolyte. As a consequence, a high reversible specific capacity of 212.2 mA h g-1 is achieved at 0.1 C and maintains 94.1 mA h g-1 even at 10 C. Impressively, it displays exceptional high-voltage cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81.1% after 1000 cycles in a pouch full cell at 1 C within 2.7-4.5 V, significantly accelerating the development of Co-free Ni-rich cathodes.National Natural Science Foundation of China [U22A20429, 22075082]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [22TQ1400100-13]; Program for Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20429 and 22075082), the Program for Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research (22TQ1400100-13), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Adults' State of Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThis study aimed to explore the attitudes of adults living in Turkey toward complementary and alternative medicine in the period of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and identify whether Turkish adults used complementary and alternative medicine during the pandemic. The cross-sectional study covered 3242 adults across Turkey. The data were collected via a Personal Information Form and the Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire. The participants had positive attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine (33.8 +/- 4.7). The results indicated that the Turkish adults widely used complementary and alternative treatment methods (70.5%) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they were more oriented toward the use of herbal treatment (35.5%). It was identified that the primary reasons for using complementary and alternative medicine were to be protected from COVID-19, and if infected with COVID-19, to recover from it quickly with only mild symptoms
SOSYOLOJİDE YAPAY ZEKA KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE VOSVİEWER İLE BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ
No full textOne of the realities of the 21st century is artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence, which can be used in almost every field, is effective in a large part of human life. Academic studies have started to be carried out in many fields on artificial intelligence, which has become one of the main elements of competition between countries, where large capitals are spent. It is seen that artificial intelligence, which has attracted a lot of attention in the field of engineering and science, has become the object of study of sociology in recent years. In this context, the present study aims to present a bibliometric analysis of the studies on artificial intelligence on the Web of Science database under the umbrella of sociology using VOSviewer software. Within the scope of the study, articles on artificial intelligence were analyzed according years, countries, number of citations and frequently used keywords. The findings obtained at the end of the research show that the studies in the field of sociology related to artificial intelligence have intensified especially in the last five years and the highest number of articles was reached in 2014, and the most studies were carried out in the ABD as a region.21. yüzyılın gerçeklerinin başında yapay zeka teknolojisi gelmektedir. Hemen her alanda kullanım imkanı bulan yapay zeka, insan hayatının büyük bir bölümünde etkin olmaktadır. Büyük sermayelerin harcandığı ve ülkeler arası rekabetin temel unsurlarından biri haline gelen yapay zeka üzerine birçok alanda akademik çalışmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Mühendislik ve fen bilimlerinin ilgi alanında çok defa ilgi gören yapay zekanın, son yıllarda sosyolojinin de inceleme nesnesi haline geldiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda mevcut çalışmada, sosyoloji çatısı altında Web of Science veri tabanı üzerinde yer alan yapay zeka üzerine gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmaların VOSviewer yazılımı kullanılarak bibliyometrik bir analizini sunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında yapa zeka ile ilgili makaleler, yıllara, ülkelere, yapılan çalışmaların atıf sayılarına ve sık kullanılan anahtar sözcüklerine göre analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen bulgular, yapay zeka ile ilgili sosyoloji alanındaki çalışmaların özellikle son beş yılda yoğunlaştığını ve 2024 yılında en fazla makale sayısına ulaşıldığını; bölge olarak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bünyesinde en fazla çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiğini göstermektedir
Multi-objective optimization of process parameters for laser cutting polyethylene using fuzzy AHP-based MCDM methods
No full textThis experimental study examines how cutting parameters influence surface roughness (Ra), kerf width (KW), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and material removal rate (MRR) during CO2 laser cutting of polyethylene (PE) material. The aim is to determine the optimal cutting conditions by integrating fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. Control factors (i.e. focal length, power, and cutting speed) were varied in a full factorial experimental design. Criterion weights for the responses were calculated with the help of the AHP method in fuzzy environment, resulting in weights of 0.442 for Ra, 0.102 for KW, 0.287 for HAZ, and 0.169 for MRR. These weights were integrated into MCDM methods (i.e. combined compromise solution [CoCoSo], technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution [TOPSIS], and Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje [VIKOR]) to rank the experiments and identify the optimal parameters. The optimal cutting condition was found to be a focal length of 8 mm, power of 90 W, and cutting speed of 12 mm/s. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were applied for analysis of the consistency among the hybrid approaches, with results indicating a very strong positive relationship between them. This comprehensive approach ensures precise and efficient laser cutting of PE, contributing valuable insights to the field of manufacturing and materials processing