Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Academic Repository
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Solution of the transport equation in slab geometry for extrapolation distance problem with T1 method
Get PDFBu çalışmada, dilim geometride, zamandan bağımsız, tek-hızlı nötron transport denklemi, Mark ve Marshak sınır koşulları kullanılarak uzatılmış (ekstrapolasyon) mesafe problemi için çözülmüştür. Bunun için, önce bu çalışmaya özgün değer katan açısal nötron akısının birinci tip Chebyshev polinomları cinsinden seriye açıldığı T1 yaklaşımı daha sonra ise açısal nötron akısının Legendre polinomları cinsinde seriye açıldığı geleneksel yöntem olan P1 yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Nötronların homojen bir dilimde izotropik olarak saçıldığı varsayılmaktadır. Sonuçta, her iki yöntemle nümerik olarak elde edilen uzatılmış mesafe sonuçları karşılaştırma yapmak için literatürde var olan sonuçlarla çizelgelerde birlikte verilmiştir. T1 yaklaşımı bu probleme ilk defa uygulanmış ve uzatılmış mesafe için açık bir analitik ifade elde edilmiştir.In this study, the time-independent, one-speed neutron transport equation in slab geometry is solved for the extrapolated distance problem using Mark and Marshak boundary conditions. For this purpose, first the T1 approximation which adds original value to this study, is used in which the angular neutron flux is expanded into a series in terms of the first kind of Chebyshev polynomials, and then the traditional P1 approximation, in which the angular neutron flux is expanded in terms of the Legendre polynomials is used. It is assumed that the neutrons are scattered isotropically in a homogeneous slab. As a result, the calculated extrapolation distances obtained numerically by both methods are given in the tables together with the results in the literature for comparison. The T1 approximation is applied to this problem for the first time and an explicit analytical expression for the extrapolation distance is obtained
Thawing frozen foods: A comparative review of traditional and innovative methods
No full textDue to the changing consumer lifestyles, the tendency to adopt foods that require less preparation time and offer both variety and convenience has played a significant role in the development of the frozen food industry. Freezing is one of the fundamental food preservation techniques, as it maintains high product quality. Freezing reduces chemical and enzymatic reactions, lowers water activity, and prevents microbial growth, thereby extending the shelf life of foods. The freezing and thawing procedures directly impact the quality of frozen foods. The degree of tissue damage is determined by the freezing rate and the structure of the ice crystals that form during the freezing process. Generally, thawing occurs more slowly than freezing. During thawing, microorganisms, as well as chemical and physical changes, can cause nutrient damage. Thus, the goal of this review is to identify innovative and optimal thawing strategies. In order to save energy and/or improve quality, new chemical and physical thawing aids are being developed alongside emerging techniques such as microwave-assisted, ohmic-assisted, high pressure, acoustic thawing, and so on. In addition to discussing the possible uses of these technologies for the thawing process and their effects on food quality, the purpose of this study is to present a thorough comparative overview of recent advancements in thawing techniques.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK)Graphical abstract and all figures were created by Biorender.com. Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK)
Multi-mechanism synergistic adsorption of lead and cadmium in water by structure-functionally adapted modified biochar: A review
No full textModified biochar has emerged as an effective and sustainable material for the remediation of Pb2 + and Cd2+- contaminated water. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of the preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and adsorption mechanisms of modified biochar, focusing on its enhanced adsorption performance. Through various modification techniques such as chemical modification, physical activation, metal loading, and other functionalization, biochar's adsorption capacity for Pb2+ (adsorption up to 582.57 mg & sdot;g-1) or Cd2+ (219.82 mg & sdot;g-1) has been significantly increased. The structural modifications include optimizing surface area, enriching functional groups, and introducing selective adsorption sites. Furthermore, the study highlights the multi-mechanism nature of the adsorption process, including surface complexation, ion exchange, precipitation, and physical filling. Where Pb2+ adsorption predominantly relies on inner layer complexation and precipitation, while Cd2+ is mainly removed through outer layer complexation and electrostatic attraction. The influence of environmental factors and material properties has been quantified, enabling modified biochar to adapt to complex aquatic environments. Future research should focus on developing green modification technologies, improving the understanding of adsorption mechanisms in complex systems, advancing engineering applications for enhanced recyclability, conducting life-cycle assessments, and fostering interdisciplinary research to optimize biochar's potential for global water purification and ecological restoration.Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province [2023-LL-QY-42, 2024NC-ZDCYL-02-05]; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Research Initiation Grant Program [1960323102]; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Special Program for Cultivation of Frontier Interdisciplinary Fields [X20230079]; Open Fund for the Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Nutrition of Ningxia [ZHS202401]This research was funded by the following grants, including the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-LL-QY-42, 2024NC-ZDCYL-02-05) , the Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Research Initiation Grant Program (1960323102) , the Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Special Program for Cultivation of Frontier Interdisciplinary Fields (X20230079) , and the Open Fund for the Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Nutrition of Ningxia (ZHS202401)
Melanoma (skin cancer) diagnosis via image with deep learning technique (using AlexNet and Googlenet architecture)
Get PDFMelanom (deri kanseri), dünyada en yaygın kanser türlerinden biridir ve özellikle melanom türü, yüksek malignite potansiyeline sahip olduğu için oldukça tehlikelidir. Erken teşhis edilmediği takdirde hızlı bir şekilde yayılabilen ve ölümcül sonuçlar doğurabilen melanom, bu nedenle halk sağlığı açısından önemli bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Melanom teşhisinin erken dönemde yapılması, hastalığın tedavi başarısını ve hastaların yaşam süresini önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Ancak geleneksel yöntemlerle yapılan dermatolojik muayeneler, uzman gözlemi ve biyopsi gibi işlemler gerektirdiğinden zaman alıcı ve maliyetli olabilir. Derin öğrenme modelleri, büyük veri kümeleriyle eğitilerek otomatik teşhis ve sınıflandırmada yüksek doğruluk sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, MATLAB ortamında AlexNet ve GoogleNet mimarileri kullanılarak melanom teşhisine yönelik bir sınıflandırma sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı, melanom (deri kanseri) teşhisinde derin öğrenme tabanlı bir yaklaşım geliştirmek, AlexNet ve GoogleNet mimarileri ile elde edilen sonuçların doğruluğunu analiz etmektir. Bu tez, derin öğrenme yöntemlerinin, özellikle AlexNet ve GoogleNet mimarisinin performansları karşılaştırılmış, her iki modelin de birbirlerine göre üstünlüklerine değinilmiş, her iki modelin de deri kanseri teşhisinde etkili bir araç olabileceğini gösterilmiştir. AlexNet modeli %90.19, GoogleNet modeli ise %88.38 doğruluk oranı ile sınıflandırma başarısı elde etmiştir. Ayrıca, tezde duyarlılık ve belirleyicilik istatistikleri ile birinci tip hata ve ikinci tip hata analiz sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışma, tıbbi görüntüleme alanında yapay zeka uygulamalarına yönelik yeni bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu tez çalışması, hem sağlık profesyonellerine destekleyici bir araç sunmayı hem de derin öğrenme ve görüntü işleme tekniklerinin sağlık alanındaki kullanım potansiyelini gözler önüne sermeyi hedeflemektedir.Melanoma (skin cancer) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and particularly the melanoma subtype is highly dangerous due to its high malignancy potential. If not diagnosed early, melanoma can spread rapidly and lead to fatal outcomes, making it a significant public health threat. Early diagnosis of melanoma greatly improves treatment success and patient survival rates. However, traditional diagnostic methods such as dermatological examinations, expert observation, and biopsy procedures can be time-consuming and costly. Deep learning models, trained on large datasets, provide high accuracy in automated diagnosis and classification. In this study, a classification system for melanoma diagnosis was developed using AlexNet and GoogleNet architectures in the MATLAB environment. The aim of our study is to develop a deep learning-based approach for melanoma (skin cancer) diagnosis and to analyze the accuracy of results obtained with AlexNet and GoogleNet architectures. This thesis compares the performance of deep learning methods, particularly AlexNet and GoogleNet, highlighting the advantages of each model and demonstrating that both can be effective tools in skin cancer diagnosis. The AlexNet model achieved a classification accuracy of 90.19%, while the GoogleNet model achieved 88.38%. Additionally, the thesis includes sensitivity and specificity statistics, as well as Type I and Type II error analysis results. This study offers a new perspective on artificial intelligence applications in medical imaging. Furthermore, this thesis aims to provide healthcare professionals with a supportive tool while showcasing the potential of deep learning and image processing techniques in the healthcare field
Examining the effect of ambivalent feelings about old age on older adults discrimination and fear in individuals
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the effect of adults' ambivalent feelings about old age on older adults discrimination and fear. The data of the cross-sectional study were collected between December 15, 2023 and May 15, 2024. G Power program was used to calculate the sample size. A total of 392 individuals who agreed to participate in the study were reached and 10 individuals with psychiatric disorders were excluded from the study. The study was completed with 382 individuals. The data of the study were collected by using Personal Information Form, The Ambivalent Ageism Scale, Fraboni Scale of Ageism and Fear of Old Age Scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS 27.0 package program. It was determined that the total score of the participants' Ambivalent Ageism Scale was above the average, the total score of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism was close to the average, and the total score of the Fear of Old Age Scale was above the average. In the simple linear regression analysis, it was found that ageism with ambivalent emotions had a significant effect on the levels of ageism (p < .001) and fear of old age (p < .001). As a result, it was determined that adult individuals intensely experience ambivalent emotions related to old age. It is noteworthy that these ambivalent feelings are important factors in people's fear of getting older and being subjected to discrimination in old age
Impact of ultraviolet light spacing and fixed zinc oxide resin on total nitrogen and phosphate removal in a continuous photocatalytic reactor
No full textThe tofu industry produces wastewater with high concentrations of total nitrogen (Total-N) and phosphate, which can pose serious environmental hazards if left untreated. This study investigates the performance of a continuous photocatalytic reactor using Resin-Immobilized Photocatalyst-ZnO (RIP-ZnO) in reducing these contaminants. The reactor was operated with three variations of RIP-ZnO mass (25, 37.5, and 50 g) and different distances between the UV lamp and water surface (0, 10, and 20 cm). Wastewater samples were collected intermittently at four time intervals (0, 4, 8, and 12 hours) to evaluate the residual concentrations of Total-N and phosphate, in accordance with SNI 6989.11:2019 standards. Among all tested combinations, the optimal result was achieved at the 4-hour sampling point using 37.5 g RIP-ZnO and a UV lamp distance of 0 cm, where the residual Total-N concentration was 19.60 mg/L and the residual phosphate concentration was 16.9 mg/L. The highest initial concentrations reached up to 70.35 mg/L for Total-N and 36.85 mg/L for phosphate. The removal mechanism involved photocatalytic oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH) generated by ZnO and ion exchange facilitated by the resin matrix. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA showed that sampling time significantly influenced pollutant removal (p < 0.05), while UV lamp distance had a less pronounced effect. RIP-ZnO demonstrates high removal efficiency within the early operational phase of the reactor. However, prolonged usage beyond 4 hours leads to increased residual concentrations due to catalyst saturation. Therefore, operational timing and catalyst regeneration are critical considerations for maintaining optimal performance in continuous wastewater treatment systems
MACWILLIAMS IDENTITIES OF THE LINEAR CODES OVER Z4[u,v]/⟨u2,v2,uv,vu⟩
No full textIn this paper, complete weight enumerators, the symmetrized weight enumerators and the Lee weight enumerators for the linear codes over the ring S = Z(4) + uZ(4) +vZ(4), where u(2) = v(2) = uv = vu = 0 are defined. The MacWilliams identity denotes an identity between a linear code and its dual code on their weight distribution. We classify elements of S into seven classes and study MacWilliams identities of linear codes over S. Finally, we calculate the Lee weights of Gray images of the elements and give an example
Cognitive Flexibility and Sports Anxiety Among Turkish Sports High School Students: A Cross-sectional Study
No full textBu çalışmada, spor liselerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bilişsel esneklik ve spor kaygı düzeylerinin eğitim gördükleri spor branşlarına göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya Osmaniye ili spor lisesi öğrencilerinden 138 erkek ve 102 kadın öğrenci olmak üzere toplamda 240 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği ve spor kaygı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Spor Kaygı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, parametrik olmayan hipotez testleri (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H testi) ve korelasyon analizleri (Spearman’ın Sıra Fark Korelasyon Katsayısı) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularından ilki olarak, öğrencilerin bilişsel esneklik becerileri ile spor kaygı düzeyleri arasında pozitif ya da negatif bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. İkinci bulgu olarak, öğrencilerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri cinsiyet ve spor branşı değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklık göstermektedir. Kız öğrencilerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri erkek öğrencilerde göre daha yüksektir. Bilişsel esneklik düzeyi ortalaması futbolcularda en düşük, basketbolcularda en yüksektir. Çalışmanın önemli bulgularından biri, öğrencilerin spor kaygı düzeyleri sınıf arttıkça 1. sınıftan 4. sınıfa doğru kademeli olarak artmaktadır. Spor kaygısı, özellikle ergenlik çağındaki sporcularda spor performansını olumsuz etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bu nedenle özellikle ergenlik çağındaki sporcularda spor kaygısını azaltmak ve ruhsal sağlıklarını iyileştirmek için yeni stratejiler geliştirmek oldukça önemlidir.The present study aimed to examine the cognitive flexibility and sports anxiety levels of students in a sports high school in Turkey according to the sports branch in which they were trained. The study sample comprised 240 athletes (male n=138; female n=102) from a sports high school in Osmaniye province, Turkey. Each athlete’s cognitive flexibility and sports anxiety levels were examined using the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS) and Sports Anxiety Scale (SAS-2), respectively. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric hypothesis tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests), and correlation analysis (Spearman’s Rank Difference Correlation Coefficient) were used for data analyses. One finding of the study was that there was no positive or negative association between student athletes’ cognitive flexibility skills and sports anxiety levels. Second finding was student athletes’ cognitive flexibility levels were statistically significantly different in terms of gender and branch of sports (p<0.05). The cognitive flexibility levels of female athletes were higher than those of male athletes. The mean value of the cognitive flexibility level was lowest in football players and highest in basketball players. One important finding of the study was that the sports anxiety levels of student athletes increased progressively as the school year increase from 1st grade to 4th grade. The sports anxiety is an important factor that negatively affects athletes’ performance, especially in the adolescent athletes. Thus, it is crucial to develop new strategies to reduce sports anxiety among adolescent student athletes and increase their mental health
New Myxomycetes (Myxogastria) Records from Turkiye: A New Genus and Two Species from Hatay
No full textThe genus Calonema Morgan is recorded from Turkiye for the first time as the new species Calonema gansuense B. Zhang and Yu Li, described on the basis of bark material collected from Antakya/Hatay (Turkiye). This new genus and species is characterized by its brick brown sporocarps, irregular, pulvinate and up to 1 mm long, relatively thick peridium shining golden yellow, marked with intricate radiating veins, dehiscence apical and irregular. Capillitium of branched and anastomosed threads with obtuse or bulbous free tips, and united into a network, the surface reticulate-venose and very variable, spores yellow, marked with rows of warts. Perichaena luteola (Kowalski) Gilert is recorded from Turkiye for the first time as the new species record from Antakya/Hatay (Turkiye). This species is sessile, globose, subglobose, peridium simple smooth brilliant yellow. Capillitium simple or branched tubular filaments, abundant, slightly rough, almost smooth or finely ornamented, filaments hollow, yellow, without any signs of spiral ornamentation. Spores are orange or ocher, yellow, spherical, rarely polygonal, warty.Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Commission [22.YL.018]This study was supported by Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project No: 22.YL.018)
Production of anthocyanin-enriched plant-based ice cream using peanut mi·lk
No full text23.03.2026 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır.Bu çalışmasının amacı, antosiyanin (yaban mersini ve ahududu) ile zenginleştirilmiş yer fıstığı sütünden elde edilen dondurmanın fizikokimyasal, biyoaktif ve tekstürel özelliklerini araştırmaktır. Antosiyanince zenginleştirilmiş dondurmaların üretiminde toz halindeki yaban mersini ve ahududu dondurma mikslerine olgunlaştırma aşamasından sonra belirli oranlarda (% 1, 2 ve 3) eklenmiş ve üretim gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen dondurmalar 0, 30 ve 60. depolama günlerinde analize tabi tutulmuştur. Hacim artışı yaban mersini veya ahududu miktarının artmasıyla önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Viskozite ve toplam erime sürelerinde 0.gün değerlerinde yaban mersini ile hazırlanmış olan dondurmaların ahududu ile hazırlanmış dondurmalara kıyasla daha yüksek viskoziteye ve daha uzun erime sürelerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. L* değerleri 0. ve 30. günde yaban mersini veya ahududu miktarının artmasıyla azalmış, a* değerleri ise yaban mersini veya ahududu miktarının artmasıyla artış göstermiştir. Antosiyanin açısından incelendiğinde yaban mersini ilaveli dondurmaların antosiyanin içeriğinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları yaban mersini ve ahududu ilavesiyle üretilen bitkisel bazlı dondurmaların geleneksel dondurmalara alternatif olarak değerlendirilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical, bioactive and textural properties of ice cream produced from peanut milk enriched with anthocyanins (blueberry and raspberry). In the production of anthocyanin enriched ice creams, powdered blueberry and raspberry were added to the ice cream mixes at specific ratios (1, 2 and 3 %) after the aging stage. The produced ice creams were analyzed on the 0th, 30th, and 60th days of storage. Overrun significantly decreased as the amount of blueberry or raspberry increased. On day 0, ice creams prepared with blueberry exhibited higher viscosity and longer total melting times compared to those made with raspberry. The L* values decreased with increasing amounts of blueberry or raspberry on both day 0 and day 30, while the a* values increased. Regarding anthocyanin content, the ice creams containing blueberry had higher levels of anthocyanins. The results of the study indicate that plant-based ice creams produced with the addition of blueberry and raspberry can be considered as potential alternatives to traditional ice creams