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Surrealist Dreams of Artificial Intelligence: Revisiting Frederick Kiesler's "Endless House"
No full textThe dream world of Surrealism bases itself on critical ways of thinking contrary to the status quo that envision new ways of life. Today, these imaginations are reflected in speculative fiction produced with artificial intelligence (AI) software. Generative AI creates visuals from text using existing digital datasets. AI-generated speculative fiction fosters critical thinking by expanding intellectual boundaries and is a remarkable innovation in human and robot collaboration. The aim in this paper is to examine AI's speculative creation processes and limits of imagination and conduct a comparative analysis through AI reproductions of surrealist spaces. This analysis involves surrealist architect Frederick Kiesler's "Endless House". This two-stage study was conducted with an exploratory case study model using generative AI applications and visual data analysis. The analysis compared the outputs of the Midjourney AI, OpenAI, Leonardo AI, and DALL-E 3 applications, and discussed the exploration process of Midjourney in detail. The findings show that AI's exploration process and limitations depend on how defined the subject is in the prompt text and the meanings and the weight in the databases of the keywords used
A Hybrid Deep Reinforcement and Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System for Dynamic XSS Attacks
No full textWeb-based systems are vulnerable to continuously evolving or self-updating attacks such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) provide limited protection against this threat through signature-based and anomaly-based methods. In this study, Machine Learning (ML) methods are used in conjunction with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques. In the proposed approach, ML methods are utilized to rapidly detect known attacks, while DRL provides adaptive learning against more general and unknown threats. These two components are trained independently and then make decisions through a weighted combination during the prediction phase. The aim is to address the shortcomings of current IDS systems in defending against dynamic XSS attacks. Experimental results show that, in real-time IDS environments, combining Random Forest with Word2Vec ensures detection within 10 ms, maintains an F1 score of about 0.99, and keeps computational cost minimal. In contrast, for offline or SOC-based setups where longer training and adaptive learning are acceptable, the DDQN-Word2Vec combination proves most effective. Overall, the proposed hybrid system delivers scalable, real-time protection against dynamic and zero-day web threats
Uluslararası Sağlık Turizmi: Türkiye ve Almanya'nın Stratejik Karşılaştırması
No full textAim: This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the competitive dynamics of health tourism in Türkiye and Germany by utilizing current data. The primary goal is to identify the strategic advantages and challenges each country faces within the health tourism sector. Method: The research employs a comparative approach, analyzing quantitative data related to healthcare costs, treatment options, service quality, patient safety, and satisfaction levels in both Türkiye and Germany. Secondary data sources, such as industry reports and healthcare statistics, form the foundation of this analysis. Results: The study reveals that Türkiye emerges as an attractive destination due to its cost advantages, with healthcare services being 50-70% lower compared to Germany, alongside a wide variety of treatment options. Its geographical position and accessibility further enhance its appeal to health tourists. In contrast, Germany is recognized for its high-quality healthcare services, accredited hospitals, and specialized professionals, ensuring patient safety and treatment excellence. Both countries report high patient satisfaction rates; however, Türkiye faces certain service-related challenges that can impact the patient experience negatively. Conclusion: This research presents a clear overview of the strategic positions and potential growth areas of both Türkiye and Germany in health tourism. It serves as a valuable reference for future development strategies aimed at strengthening their competitive standings in the international health tourism market
Uluslararası Hukukta Ön Alıcı Meşru Savunma
No full textUluslararası hukukta kuvvet kullanma hukuku her zaman önemli soruları içerisinde barındırmıştır. Bu durumun temel sebebi konunun uluslararası ilişkileri yakından ilgilendirmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Kuvvet kullanma hukuku tarihsel süreçte bir değişim geçirmekle beraber bu değişim İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra büyük bir ivme kazanmıştır. İkinci Dünya Savaşının sebep olduğu acılardan sonra kuvvet kullanımına karşı çok katı bir tutum sergilenirken 21. Yüzyılda özellikle 11 Eylül Saldırılarından sonra kuvvet kullanma yasağına karşı mevcut olan sert tutumda değişimler gözlemlenmiştir. Söz konusu değişimlerden en önemlilerinden biri de ön alıcı meşru savunmadır. Ön alıcı meşru savunma hukuki niteliği gereği birçok tartışmayı içermektedir. Hukuki tartışmaların ötesinde politik tercihler de söz konusu olduğunda mesele çok daha karmaşık bir hale gelmektedir. Ön alıcı meşru savunmanın hukuka uygunluğunu kabul etmek güç dengesizliği bulunan bir uluslararası toplumda haksız şiddet eylemlerinin meşrulaşmasına sebebiyet verebilir. Bir diğer taraftan ön alıcı meşru savunmanın hukuka uygun kabul edilmesi ise uluslararası toplumda büyük bir çatışmaya dönüşebilecek uyuşmazlıkların çok daha az maliyetle çözümünü sağlayabilir. Günümüzde 11 Eylül Saldırılarından sonra oluşan güvenlik algısını ve buna bağlı küresel çapta eylem yapabilen hatta devlet desteği bulabilen terör örgütlerinin varlığını birlikte değerlendirilmesi halinde ön alıcı meşru savunmanın hukukiliği önemli bir tartışma konusu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır
Exploring The Frontier Of Non-coding RNAs: Biogenesis, Functional Diversity, And Disease Associations Of CircRNAs And TinyRNAs
No full textNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a pivotal frontier in molecular biology, expanding our understanding of genetic regulation beyond the classical central dogma. Among these, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and tiny RNAs (tyRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators with diverse roles in gene expression, cellular homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. CircRNAs, characterized by their covalently closed structures, exhibit remarkable stability and functional versatility, including acting as microRNA sponges, transcriptional regulators, and protein scaffolds. Tiny RNAs, a newly recognized class of ncRNAs, are implicated in post-transcriptional regulation through interactions with Argonaute proteins, influencing pathways from viral defense to neurodegenerative diseases. This review synthesizes recent advancements in the biogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance of circRNAs and tyRNAs, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurological conditions. By exploring their unique regulatory landscapes, this work aims to inspire further research into the ncRNA universe and its implications for human health
Fifth-Order Compact Finite Difference Scheme for Burgers-Huxley Equation
No full textThe Burgers-Huxley equation arises in several problems in science. The compact finite difference scheme (CFDS) has been developed for the Burgers-Huxley equation. This scheme has been compared different methods for the Burgers-Huxley equation. Dispersive properties are investigated for the linearized equations to examine the nonlinear dynamics after discretisation. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the compact finite differences scheme are shown in numerical test problems
Photochemistry of 2-Aminooxazole: A Matrix-isolation and Computational Study of a Putative Key Prebiotic Molecule
No full text2-Aminooxazole 1 is a key intermediate in plausible prebiotic pathways to activated pyrimidine ribonucleotides. However, its photochemistry and underlying reaction mechanism remain unclear. Here, we present a combined matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopic and computational investigation of the UV-induced photochemistry of 1. Narrowband irradiation at 220 nm of 1 isolated in cryogenic Ar or N2 matrices leads mainly to 3-amino-1-formyl nitrile ylide. Minor products included 3-amino-2-formyl-2H-azirine and, most likely, two tautomeric 2-iminooxazoles. The nitrile ylide photoreverts to 1 (380 nm), whereas 2-formyl-2H-azirine photoisomerizes to imidoylketene (320 nm). Spin–flip time-dependent density functional (SF-TDDFT) computations reveal a cascade of conical intersections following excitation to the S2 state of 1, providing a mechanistic explanation for the observed C–O ring-opening and predominant formation of the nitrile ylide. Overall, these findings elucidate the photoreactivity mechanism of 2-aminooxazole and can contribute to understanding the behavior of this pivotal molecule under early Earth UV conditions
Region 10 Symposium: Innovations in Technology: Shaping the Future
No full textThe use of virtual reality (VR) technology in the rehabilitation domain offers opportunities such as conducting potentially dangerous exposure experiments safely in a clinical environment. Although current state-of-the-art VR headsets offer very high resolutions that provide experiences close to real life, therapy systems are generally developed for specific phobias. The majority of VR-based small animal phobia studies are limited to exposure to spiders, insects, rats, and snakes, and there is no generic system available for the treatment of various small animal phobias. In this paper, we designed and implemented a cloud-based cybertherapy system for treating patients with small animal phobias that supports exposure to multiple species. Therapists can download specific assets for any type of small animal species from the cloud repository, enhancing the therapy systems based on the needs of the patients. The proposed exposure therapy system allows therapists to control the small animal assets in the game engine and adjust the therapy sessions according to the patient's condition. The results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in offering a flexible, adaptive, and scalable solution for treating small animal phobias across different patient scenarios. As an extension of this work, we started to develop a recommendation engine that uses labeled therapy data to personalize treatment protocols, further enhancing patient care
Creating Visual Identity in Film Festival Designs
No full textThroughout history, people have come together to organize various celebrations and festivals. Festivals are events that carry a universal significance, fostering a sense of unity and shared emotions. In particular, film festivals, whose importance has grown significantly in recent times, serve as a reflection of cultural values, societal lifestyles, emotions, and ideas. These events, characterized by rich content and diversity, and with artistic expression at the forefront, highlight the significance of the work done in the field. In this context, a strong and effective visual identity is essential in the creation of the festival’s identity. Cultural codes, symbols, visuals, color, typography, form, and shape play a critical role in constructing the festival’s character. This study, employing qualitative research methods, examines the corporate identity designs of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival and the 43rd Istanbul Film Festival, emphasizing the importance of creating a visual identity for film festivals. These analyses are conducted through a semiotic approach. A literature review was also conducted, and the selected film festival designs were descriptively analyzed in terms of design elements such as color, typography, visual impact, coherence, and form-content harmony. The aim of this study is to identify the descriptive challenges faced in the visual identity creation process and propose solutions to address these issues. Given the limited number of academic studies in the field, this research is expected to contribute to the existing literature
Regulation in the Energy Sector and the EMRA in Turkey
No full textEnerji insanlar tarafından sistematik olarak kullanılmaya başlandığından beri doğal olarak dünya üzerindeki etkisinin yanında aynı zamanda insan eliyle ortaya çıkan birçok değişikliği de dünya üzerinde şekillenmesini sağlamıştır. İlk zamanlar kısıtlı ve bölgesel olan etkiler, zamanın ve teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle beraber etkilerini çok geniş alanlarda, dahi dünya çapında gösterir olmuşlardır. Sanayi şafağının ortaya çıkmasıyla beraber elektrik enerjisi diğer enerji türlerinin arasından sıyrılarak günümüz açısından en önemli enerji şekli haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle elektrik üretiminde birçok defalar adeta deneme yanılma yöntemiyle denge tutturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak söz konusu denge mekanizmasının kurulumu günümüzde bile halen devam etmektedir. Söz konusu bu dengelemeler gerek devletler gerekse devletler üstü organizasyonlar tarafından bir dizi kararlar ve regülasyonlar ile sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Daha basit bir tabirle; enerji karanlık bir gecede yol almakta olan bir trene benzetilebilir. Rota belli, duraklar belli ve trenin üretebileceği güç bellidir. Ancak bu trene binecek insanlar, yüklenecek yük ve istasyonlar arasında çıkılabilecek hız belirlenmelidir. Aksi halde hem tren hem yükü hem de yolcuları tehlikeye girecektir. İşte regülasyonlar, trenin gücüne göre ne kadar yük yükleneceğini, kaç insan taşıyabileceğini ve istasyonlar arasındaki rotalarda ne kadar süratle seyrüseferde bulunacağını belirleyen unsurlardır. Regülasyonlar olmadan bir düzenin olduğundan bahsedilemez, deregülasyon yolu takip edilse dahi bu durum da yine kaotik bir yeni düzenin oluşumuna gebe olacaktır. Biz de çalışmamızda, Türkiye’de regülasyon kavramını ve enerji piyasası açısından regülasyon kurumu olan EPDK’yı ele alacağız