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Possible Winners in Approval Voting
No full textGiven the knowledge of the preferences of a set of voters over a set of candidates, and assuming that voters cast sincere approval ballots, what can we say about the possible (co-)winners? The outcome depends on the number of candidates each voter will approve. Whereas it is easy to know who can be a unique winner, we show that deciding whether a set of at least two candidates can be the set of co-winners is computationally hard. If, in addition, we have a probability distribution over the number of candidates approved by each voter, we obtain a probability distribution over winners; we study the shape of this probability distribution empirically, for the impartial culture assumption. We study variants of the problem where the number of candidates approved by each voter is upper and/or lower bounded. We generalize some of our results to multiwinner approval voting.nonouirechercheInternationa
Droits et libertés en France et au Royaume Uni
No full textLa France et le Royaume-Uni sont, à première vue, deux pays que tout oppose sur le plan juridique. Héritier du droit romain, le droit français est écrit, codifié, marqué par les principes, tandis que le droit britannique est le symbole du droit non écrit, empreint de pragmatisme, fondé sur les précédents. L'organisation de la justice, le rôle des juges sont tout aussi différents. Quant à la place de l'État, elle semble diverger encore plus. Qu'en est-il vraiment dans les faits ? Par des voies différentes, les deux traditions n'en viennent-elles pas à converger, surtout à l'heure de l'intégration européenne ? Une synthèse comparative très accessible ; des éléments indispensables pour les débats actuels sur l'évolution du droit public et de la justice.nonouirechercheNationa
Les conflits d'intérêts : fonction et maîtrise
No full textL'actualité démontre qu'il n'y a pas un conflit d'intérêts, mais des conflits d'intérêts dont le point commun est de réunir sur une personne deux ou plusieurs intérêts divergents ou concurrents. La prévention des conflits d'intérêts peut, à titre exclusif ou cumulatif, emprunter trois chemins en passant par l'émission d'une information, par la définition d'interdictions ou par le jeu de certains standards juridiques. Quant à la sanction des conflits d'intérêts, elle suppose de se demander si tous les conflits sont bien susceptibles d'être sanctionnés avant d'envisager les modalités d'une condamnation.nonouirechercheNationa
A Dichotomy for Upper Domination in Monogenic Classes
No full textin Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8881An upper dominating set in a graph is a minimal (with respect to set inclusion) dominating set of maximum cardinality. The problem of finding an upper dominating set is NP-hard for general graphs and in many restricted graph families. In the present paper, we study the computational complexity of this problem in monogenic classes of graphs (i.e. classes defined by a single forbidden induced subgraph) and show that the problem admits a dichotomy in this family. In particular, we prove that if the only forbidden induced subgraph is a P4 or a 2K2 (or any induced subgraph of these graphs), then the problem can be solved in polynomial time. Otherwise, it is NP-hard.nonouirechercheInternationa
The management of indoor spaces in urban microclimate: a multi-agent approach
No full textA growing concern on the quality of urban environments has recently developed, due to the effects of pollution on human health and on socio-economic systems and particularly caused by urban production mechanisms. Emission-reducing policies and new analytical models have been increasingly used to cope with such new environmental threats. Therefore, there is the need of integratine traditional quantitative (statistical, data managing, geographical, etc.) techniques .with more complex tools, so as to provide decision makers with greater support to elaborate effective socio-environmental strategies. ECOURB research project, in which this paper is located, just deals with the identification of models to support urban environmental decisions. It is developed coherently with a general decision-support ICT-oriented architecture, through the analysis of multi-agent processes and the identification of variables, parameters, indicators useful in such system architectures. The present paper shows some results of this research project, in the building up of hybrid scenarios for the management of urban microclimates. Particularly, the reference context is represented by the management of indoor spaces in inhabited urban areas. Reflections are carried out on the case-study of public condo housing owned by the Institute of popular housing (IACP) in Bari, starting from a knowledge base collected through questionnaires. Such reflections take into particular account the role, the actions and the contributions of agent distributed in the inhabited context, in mutual, social and external relationships toward the reference physical environment (heat/cold management, urban heat islands, air quality etc.). The multi-agent approach allows the consideration of the complexity of such interactive relationships, so as to use them for the building up of social and environmental management models. Several agent types are taken into consideration, such as routinary human and artificial agents, as well as intelligent agents, so following taxonomical and logical approaches deriving from computer science and multi-agent theory. The modelling approach is characterized in the identification of single agents involved and in the definition of some logic rules of relation and behaviour. However, such model represents a preliminary study outcome, to be developed in the carrying out of the project with the extension and the deepening of the research project.nonouirechercheInternationa
Preference Handling (Tutorial on)
No full textThe tutorial aims at introducing the general field that deals with techniques for representing, learning and reasoning with preferences. While the community of Recommender Systems has recently done extensive work in techniques for providing user recommendations in different settings, preferences have been formally studied since several decades (the community that studies preferences from a formal algorithmic point of view is now often called algorithmic decision theory). Preferences are a basic concept for several research fields such as economics, decision theory, game theory, artificial intelligence, classification, data bases, etc.; preferences constitute a key concept for the development of recommender systems since they represent the elementary information upon which recommendations are constructed. The tutorial will introduce both the formalisms more widely used to model and represent preferences as well as the procedures aimed at learning preferences and at producing a recommendation for an end-user (decision maker).nonouirechercheInternationa
Customer orientation and organizational innovation : the case of environmental management practices
No full textThis study aims to investigates the effect of three customer orientation components - customer information-processing, responsiveness and values and norms - on a firm's decision to adopt environmental management practices. Consistent with the literature on strategy and industrial marketing, the authors also examine the moderating effect of marketplace characteristics.nonouirechercheInternationa
Revisiting the Connection between the No-Show Paradox and Monotonocity
No full textWe investigate the relation between monotonicity and the no-show paradox in voting rules. Although the literature has established their logical independence, we show, by presenting logical dependency results, that the two conditions are closer than a general logical independency result would suggest. Our analysis is made both under variable and fixed-size electorates.nonouirechercheInternationa
Les theses en commerce international
No full textCet ouvrage est le fruit d’une grande expérience en matière d’encadrement de douze professeurs des universités. Chacun d’eux, en se référant à son expérience personnel-le en matière de direction de thèses et en définissant un thème de son choix, a tenté de répondre, principalement, aux quatre uestions suivantes : 1) Comment passer d’une idée à un projet de recherche ? 2) Comment conduire la recherche ? 3) Qu’est qu’une thèse réussie ? 4) Quelles sont les erreurs à éviter ? L’ouvrage couvre trois thèmes : 1) l’économie du développement avec le cas d’une thèse en microéconomie appliquée au développement, 2) l’économie internationale en se référant aux thèses en commerce international, aux thèses en macroéconomie financière internationale ainsi qu’à celles qui traitent de l’investissement direct étranger et 3) l’économie institutionnelle. L’objectif est d’indiquer aux thésards les différentes étapes de la démarche organisée qui va de l’intention de faire une thèse à la soutenance ainsi que les erreurs à éviter. Tous s’attardent, à partir de cas concrets, sur un certain nombre de questions telles que : Comment passer d’une idée à un projet de recherche ? Comment conduire la recherche ? Quelles sont les pratiques et attitudes à éviter ? Quelles sont les bonnes pratiques ? Chacun d’eux, dans son domaine et en se référant à des exemples vécus, s’arrête sur les obstacles les plus fréquents et indique des moyens de les surmonter en illustrant leur propos par des exemples tirés de thèses encadrées. C’est là une démarche qui est très peu abordée dans les ouvrages et dans les cursus académiques.nonnonnon-rechercheNationa
Factors of perceived walkability: A pilot empirical study
No full textLecture Notes in Computer Science, n°9789We present preliminary results of a pilot empirical study designed to examine factors associated with pedestrians’ perception of walkability, i.e. the perception of the quality, comfort and pleasantness of streets, and their conductivity to walk. Through a contingent field survey we collected 18 observable street attributes (independent variables), and a synthetic subjective perception of walkability (dependent variable), for the entire street network (408 street segments) of the city of Alghero in Italy. Regression analysis yields high goodness of fit (R-squared = 0.60 using all 18 variables), and points at 9 out of 18 as the most significant factors of perceived walkability (“useful sidewalk width”; “architectural, urban and environmental attractions”; “density of shops, bars, services, economic activities”; “vehicles-pedestrians separation”; “cyclability”; “opportunities to sit”; “shelters and shades”; “car roadway width”; “street lighting”; R-squared = 0.59). Among those, the first five factors in particular show as jointly most important as predictors of perceived walkability.nonouirechercheInternationa