37115 research outputs found
Sort by
Samlingsforvaltning i endring. Plan for å sikre tilgang til samlinger av utenlandsk materiale
Get PDFDette prosjektet har hatt som formål å sikre tilgang til samlinger av utenlandsk materiale ved BOTT1- bibliotekene (Bergen, Oslo, Trondheim og Tromsø) etter at Nasjonalbiblioteket avsluttet sin tjeneste for utenlandske tidsskrift. Prosjektet har utført omfattende kartlegging og analyser av de fysiske og digitale samlingene for å identifisere unike titler og overlapp mellom bibliotekene.
Kartlegging av fysiske samlinger - Analysen viser at 70,4 % av tidsskriftitlene og 74,2 % av boktitlene er unike. Det ble også funnet betydelig overlapp, med store muligheter for å redusere antall kopier og dermed frigjøre magasinkapasitet.
Kartlegging av digitale tilganger - Analysen av de digitale tilgangene viste at det er lite overlapp mellom trykte og digitale titler. For tidsskrift skyldes dette at vi stort sett har avsluttet trykt abonnement ved tegning av digitalt abonnement. Når det gjelder bøker, er politikken at vi enten kjøper i trykt eller elektronisk form. Dette innebærer at beslutninger om kassasjon av trykte dokumenter i liten grad kan baseres på digital tilgjengelighet.
Fjernlån og bruk av samlingene - Analysene viser at BOTT-bibliotekene spiller en vital rolle i nasjonal dokumentleveranse. Det er hovedsakelig utenlandsk materiale som etterspørres. Internasjonalt fjernlån er viktig, men innebærer risikomomenter som leverandørsvikt og geopolitiske forhold.
Anbefalinger - Basert på funnene anbefales det at BOTT bibliotekene inngår en forpliktende avtale om bevaring av unike titler og en ansvarlig fordeling av overlappende tidsskrifter og bøker. Trykt utenlandsk litteratur bør i hovedsak bevares til tross for digital tilgang, for å sikre tilgang uavhengig av ytre forhold. Videre arbeid bør blant annet inkludere forbedring av metadata ved hjelp av kunstig intelligens og utarbeidelse av detaljerte samlingsplaner for å effektivisere samlingsforvaltningen. Vi er gjennom arbeidet blitt styrket i at anbefalingene våre er i tråd med internasjonalt arbeid på feltet.
Konklusjon - Samarbeid om samlingsforvaltning vil gi oss store gevinster og synergieffekter på mange områder og vil føre til ressursbesparelser, sikre et fortsatt godt tjenestetilbud og forutsigbarhet for brukeren. Gjennom prosjektet har vi også fått økt søkelys på geopolitiske forhold og mulighet for å foreta grønne valg. Felleskatalogen gir oss en unik mulighet til å effektivisere arbeidet i implementeringsfasen.
Prosjektet konkluderer med at BOTT-bibliotekene må ta et nasjonalt ansvar for bevaring av utenlandske trykte samlinger. Dette vil sikre fortsatt tilgang til forskningsressurser i Norge, mens mulige magasineringsbesparelser oppnås gjennom bedre samordning av ressursene
The Lyngen Magmatic Complex ophiolite: preservation of pre- and syn-collisional structures and implications for the nappe thrusting sequence in the Northern Norwegian Caledonides
Get PDFThe Lyngen Magmatic Complex (Northern Norway) marks a major discontinuity in the metamorphic gradient of the North Norwegian Caledonides nappe sequence. The Lyngen Magmatic Complex preserves pre- and syn-collisional structures and parageneses of the Caledonian orogeny. This study differentiates the two deformation events and offers a tectono-metamorphic model for the region, using a combination of field-based data, geochemical analysis, radiochronometric dating, and thermodynamic modelling. It is demonstrated that the precollisional event (D1) developed in a dextral strike-slip transpressional regime, generating Nsingle bondS-trending subvertical shear zones with subhorizontal shear displacement and steeply inclined isoclinal folding. The D1 metamorphic fabrics developed at 486 ± 9 Ma on a retrograde temperature-path, from amphibolite (680single bond800 °C, 0.5single bond0.9 GPa) to greenschist facies (300single bond450 °C, 0.3single bond0.75 GPa) conditions. The subsequent syn-collisional event (D2) produced a subhorizontal foliation, top-to-SE-directed thrust deformation at the base of the Lyngen Magmatic Complex. D2 rock fabrics represent typical nappe stacking structures during the Scandian collisional stage (∼430 Ma). The vertical D1 structures are overprinted by D2 fabrics in the thrust contact region only. Mineral assemblages crystallizing during D2 indicate a transition from lower amphibolite to greenschist conditions. Thermobarometry suggests significant re-heating after D1, with D2 maximum conditions ∼650 °C and 1.1 GPa at the base of the Lyngen Magmatic Complex and ∼558single bond610 °C and 0.8single bond1.3 GPa for the underlying graphite-bearing metasediments. Argon dating and the temperature difference between the Lyngen Magmatic Complex and the underlying units testify to out-of-sequence thrusting at 426 ± 7.5 Ma at the base of the Lyngen Magmatic Complex. The present results constrain the localization of the oceanic units of the North Norwegian Caledonides outboard and to the North of their present position. Consequently, stacking of uppermost units (likely of Laurentian origin) on top of the Lyngen Magmatic Complex occurred before their final emplacement onto the Reisa Nappe Complex (probably mostly Baltica-derived)
Diatom distribution and long-term survival in a heavily polluted sediment core from the Bay of Bagnoli (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)
Get PDFDiatom resting stages can remain viable in sediments for decades and germinate when exposed to suitable environmental conditions, inoculating the water column and the surface sediments with new populations of cells. Classical methods, based on acid-cleaning of diatom frustules in sediment samples, do not discriminate between living and dead cells and may destroy the more fragile taxa. We used a metabarcoding dataset based on the V9 region of the 18S rRNA (20,602 reads, 102 diatom Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV)) coupled with the Serial Dilution Culture method to assess diversity and viability of resting stages in a heavily polluted sediment core from the Bay of Bagnoli (Tyrrhenian Sea) spanning approximately two centuries. Our results indicate that planktonic centric diatoms dominated the sediment layers, but ASVs of benthic pennates were also present, especially in older layers. High densities (up to ~2·106 cells g-1 wet sediment) of viable cells were recorded in the surface layer (dated to 2013) for Nanofrustulum shiloi and for a small unidentified pennate diatom. Concentrations of living cells decreased towards older layers, but cultures of Chaetoceros curvisetus were still generated from a layer dated to 1954. Selected strains were characterized morphologically, in light and electron microscopy, and molecularly, confirming the records of N. shiloi, Psammogramma sp. and Plagiogramma sp. The results of our study highlight the capability of several centric and pennate diatom species to ‘rest’ alive in severely polluted sediments for decades. This calls for future studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms that regulate dormancy and the adaptation to harsh environmental conditions, which have potential biotechnological applications
Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress alters protein expression in two rat salivary acinar cell lines
Get PDFObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on the
protein expression profiles of submandibular and parotid acinar cells using a proteomic approach. We sought to
evaluate how oxidative stress might contribute to salivary gland dysfunction and whether the two glands respond
differently.
Design: Immortalized rat parotid gland (PG) and submandibular gland (SMG) acinar epithelial cell lines were
exposed to 50 µM and 150 µM hydrogen peroxide for 24 hr, followed by protein identification and quantification
via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis
validated selected protein expressions, and cell viability was assessed using trypan blue exclusion assays.
Results: Compared to controls, histone H4 expression increased in both cell types after hydrogen peroxide
exposure, whereas voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1, keratin 7, and keratin 8 increased only in parotid gland cells. Conversely, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and kidney isoform glutaminase were
downregulated in parotid gland cells. Basal expression of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and catalase
was higher in submandibular gland cells. At higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations, antioxidant proteins
expression and cell viability were greater in submandibular gland cells compared to parotid gland cells.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that submandibular gland acinar cells exhibit greater resistance to oxidative
stress compared to parotid gland cells, potentially due to distinct antioxidant and metabolic coping strategies.
Understanding these gland-specific responses may contribute to future approaches to protect salivary glands
from oxidative damage under pathological conditions
Scheduling with Sequence-Dependent Setup Times in Short-Term Production Planning: A Main Path Analysis-Based Review
Get PDFThe role of setup times in production planning and control was recognised in the late 1960s. Since then, a
growing number of scheduling problems have accounted for sequence-dependent setup time variables. This study
aims to provide a systematic review of setup times in the short-term production planning literature, using an
objective, algorithm-based approach. The Main Path Analysis (MPA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) methods are
employed to identify patterns of knowledge development and the most significant advancements in the field.
Over 2100 articles published between 1986 and 2024 were considered in the review. The seminal articles
contributing to the advances in setup times for production scheduling are reviewed. Meanwhile, the core optimisation technologies, model characteristics, and emerging issues at different stages of literature development
are discussed. The key extensions of the main path are further explored to identify secondary research interests in
the field. Twenty-two research themes were identified to provide an overall perspective and shed light on the
technical features and challenges. Finally, future research directions are suggested based on the outcomes of this
systematic review
Antimicrobial Activity of Short Analogues of the Marine Peptide EeCentrocin 1: Synthesis of Lipopeptides and Head-to-Tail Cyclic Peptides and Mechanism of Action Studies
Get PDFWe have synthesised a series of 12-residue analogues of a previously reported lead peptide (P6) developed from the heavy chain of the marine peptide EeCentrocin 1, isolated from the sea urchin Echinus esculentus. We optimised the lead peptide by increasing its net positive charge, its lipophilicity through N-terminal fatty acid acylation or incorporation of a Trp residue, and by synthesising head-to-
tail cyclic peptides under pseudo–high-dilution conditions. All peptides were screened for antimicrobial and antifungal activity, and toxicity was determined against human red blood cells. The two most potent peptide analogues were the linear peptide P6-W6R8 and its head-to-tail cyclic analogue cP6-W6R8
displaying minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.4–6.6 μM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and 6.2–13 μM against fungi. All peptides showed low haemolytic activity except for two of the lipopeptides, in which haemolytic activity correlated with increasing acyl chain length. Mode of action studies using bacterial biosensor strains revealed a membrane disruptive effect of both the linear and the cyclic peptide. Overall, the results of our study demonstrated that relatively simple structural modifications
could be successfully employed in the development of potent antimicrobial lead peptides derived from marine natural
products
Factors influencing the pre-hospital management of civilian burn mass casualty incidents in the 21st century: a scoping review
Get PDFBackground - Burn mass casualty incidents (BMCI) are unique and catastrophic events that are uncommon but recurring and comprehensively challenge all emergency services involved. The causes range from forces of nature to accidental or intentional explosions, indoor fires and chemical burns. A growing population, climate change exacerbated fire weather, increasing industrial activity and a rising threat of worldwide transnational terrorism all increase the risk of BMCIs. Emergency response strategies are thus of critical importance and can be improved upon by learning from previous incidents through the identification of recurrent themes.
Objectives - Identify, categorise, and describe key themes and factors reported as having a favourable or detrimental influence on the professional management of civilian BMCIs.
Materials and methods - A scoping review following the Arksey and O’Malley framework with enhancements by Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien, and PRISMA-ScR, was conducted using six electronic databases, including a search for grey literature from January 2001 to March 2024. A total of 51 documents, containing descriptions, discussions, and/or experiences of the pre-hospital management of burn mass casualty incidents in civilian, non-war settings, were included and analysed using thematic analysis for qualitative data and labelled for themes and factors.
Results - Thirteen key themes and 71 factors were identified to influence the pre-hospital management of BMCIs. The key themes were Command, Communication, Contextual, Education, Environment, Evacuation, Fortuity, Human Factors, Preparedness, Response Tactics, Safety, Triage, and Volunteer. The 71 identified factors were for example self-evacuation, varied non-medical transport methods, traffic congestion and decontamination.
Conclusion - The identified themes and factors provide insights from real-life incidents on what is reported to influence the situation at hand. The identified factors can be used to target specific areas for further improvement in future BMCIs, particularly in preparedness planning and training, for example by taking self-evacuation into account in future disaster plans
Parents’ perception of adolescents’ difficulties and impact of problems in different castes and ethnic groups in Nepal. Do they converge with the frequencies of symptoms reported on the child behavior checklist (CBCL)?
Get PDFBackground Parents’ perceptions of their children’s behavior are culturally determined and may differ across cultures. The present study aimed to investigate parents’ perceptions of adolescents’ difficulties and the impact of problems in different cultural contexts in Nepal, and to explore the extent to which they align with child symptoms measured on a problem rating scale.
Methods This study was conducted with parents of school-going adolescents in sixteen districts of Nepal. The Nepali version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)—Impact Supplement was used to assess parents’ perception of difficulties and the impact of problems, and the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 (CBCL) was used as a symptom rating scale. We employed a mixed model approach for data analysis to address the hierarchical structure of our data.
Results Parents’ perceptions of difficulties and the impact of problems did not differ between the Hindu “high caste”, the Hindu “low caste” and the indigenous/ethnic minority group. In contrast, the effect of caste/ethnicity was significant for parent ratings on the CBCL Total Problems as the “low caste” parents reported higher mean scores than parents from the indigenous/ethnic minorities group. Parents’ perception of difficulties and the impact of problems were moderately associated with their reports on the CBCL Total Problems. There was no moderating effect of caste/ethnicity on any of these associations.
Conclusion Although cross-cultural differences emerged in parents’ ratings of symptoms, no differences emerged in their perception of difficulties and the impact of problems. Moderate associations between the CBCL Total Problems and perceived difficulties and the impact of problems suggest that clinicians should consider using supplement measurements in their assessment of child behavior problems. However, further studies are required to confirm our findings
Comparative analysis of optical character recognition methods for Sámi texts from the National Library of Norway
Get PDFSource at https://hdl.handle.net/10062/107275.Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is crucial to the National Library of Norway’s (NLN)digitisation process as it converts scanned documents into machinereadable text. However, for the Sámi documents in NLN’s collection, the OCR accuracy is insufficient. Given that OCR quality affects downstream processes, evaluating and improving OCR for text written in Sámi languages is necessary to make these resources accessible. To address this need, this work fine-tunes and evaluates three established OCR approaches, Transkribus, Tesseract and TrOCR, for transcribing Sámi texts from NLN’s collection. Our results show that Transkribus and TrOCR outperform Tesseract on this task, while Tesseract achieves superior performance on an outof-domain dataset. Furthermore, we show that fine-tuning pre-trained models and supplementing manual annotations with machineannotations and synthetic text images can yield accurate OCR for Sámi languages, even with a moderate amount of manually annotated data
WORKSHOP MNT konferansen 2025: Praksis i disiplin og tverrfaglige studieprogram: Hva, hvorfor og hvordan?
No full textKonferansebidrag på MNT-konferansen 2025, Trondheim, 05.05.25 - 06.05.25. Arrangert av UHR, NTNU, Nasjonalt senter for realfagsrekruttering.
https://www.ntnu.no/mnt2025.I løpet av de siste tiårene har flere fagmiljø i høyere utdanning i Norge utviklet og etablert praksisemner for studenter innen disiplinfagene biologi og geologi, samt det tverrfaglige studiet fiskeri og havbruksvitenskap. I denne workshopen vil vi gjennomføre en interaktiv “Jigsaw aktivitet” for å presentere og diskutere erfaringer og forskningsresultater fra implementeringen av disse praksisemnene ved tre universitet i Norge. Vi vil diskutere funn fra vår forskning, inkludert bedriftenes perspektiver på samarbeid om praksis (Schneider et al., 2024), tidligere studenters syn på betydningen av praksis (Sundset et al., in prep), og praksisstudenters erfaringer når det gjelder faktorer som påvirker læring ute i praksis (Sandvoll et al., in prep). I tillegg vil vi dele våre samlede erfaringer som undervisere og administratorer av praksisemner i arbeidsrelevansprosjektene SAMPRAKSIS og DEVELOP. Deretter leder vi en delvis strukturert diskusjon med fokus på hvordan våre funn kan bidra til å fremme arbeidet med økt arbeidslivsrelevans i disiplinfaglig og flerfaglige studieprogram. Avslutningsvis vil vi demonstrere to konkrete, åpne digitale plattformer som vi har utviklet i samarbeid med studenter og praksispartnere. Disse plattformene er utviklet for å støtte samarbeidspartnere i bedrifter som veileder praksisstudenter fra universitetet