37115 research outputs found
Sort by
“They were sort of in the room with me”: a qualitative study about callers’ experience of video streaming during medical emergency calls
Get PDFBackground During the recent years, emergency services in several countries have integrated video streaming
into medical emergency calls, and research on the topic has gained increased focus. Video streaming during medical
emergency calls may change dispatcher’s perspective of the call and can be a helpful tool for supervising bystanders’
first aid. Little research exists, however, about the caller’s perspective of video streaming during a medical emergency
call. With this study, we explore the caller’s experiences with video streaming.
Methods The study is a qualitative interview study. During a period of five weeks, we recruited respondents
from the region of Oslo who had called the medical emergency number 113 and where video streaming had been
used by the dispatcher during the call. We conducted 14 semi-structured individual interviews, in-person or digitally
on Zoom/Teams, from October to December 2023. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and we analyzed them
drawing on Malterud’s systematic text condensation.
Results Our material was sorted into three category headings: Increased sense of safety, the unexpected option
of video streaming, and emotional discomfort. Most respondents felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could
see and assess the situation visually. Several were also positively surprised that video streaming was an option during the call. Some respondents however felt increased stress during the call due to video streaming. Other respondents reflected on the societal taboo of filming ill or injured persons.
Conclusion Most respondents experienced video streaming as a positive addition to the medical emergency call
and felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could see the situation. Knowledge of the integration between video
streaming and basic communication in a call is nonetheless of great importance, as to not increase stress experienced
by the caller. The dispatcher should be sensitive for how the caller will handle video streaming for each call
Machine Learning-Based Sales Forecasting During Crises: Evidence from a Turkish Women's Clothing Retailer
Get PDFBackground Retail involves directly delivering goods and services to end consumers. Natural disasters and epidemics/pandemics have significant potential to disrupt supply chains, leading to
shortages, forecasting errors, price increases, and substantial financial strains on retailers. The
COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for retail sectors to prepare for crisis impacts on
sales forecasts by regularly assessing and adjusting sales volumes, consumer behavior, and forecasting models to adapt to changing conditions.
Methods This study explores strategies for adapting sales forecasts and retail approaches in
response to such crises. By employing different machine learning (ML) methods, we analyze consumer behavior changes and sales impacts across various product categories, including bottom
wear, top wear, one piece, accessories, outwear, and shoes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results The gradient boosting and CatBoost algorithms excelled in product groups with significant sales changes during the pandemic. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm performed
well in low-volume categories like accessories and footwear. Meanwhile, MLP, LightGBM, and
XGBoost were effective in medium-volume categories such as outerwear and underwear.
Conclusion The findings highlight the efficacy of these models in adapting sales forecasts to crisis
conditions, offering a practical approach to enhancing retail resilience against future disruptions.
This study offers an effective approach for adapting sales forecasting to shifting consumer behaviors during crises
Preference for Novelty in Tourism: Investigating the role of personal values through variable- and person-centered approaches
Get PDFPurpose: The overarching aim of the present thesis is to provide an attitudinal perspective of the concept of novelty in tourism and test this perspective within Schwartz’s theory of personal values. To achieve this, the thesis first clarifies the progress of novelty in tourism and identifies possible antecedents and consequences. This involves examining both attitudinal and emotional theoretical perspectives on novelty, alongside other relevant constructs. Next, the research tests the influence of the value dimensions of openness to change and conservation on individuals' preference for novelty and familiarity, using a variable-centered approach. Finally, the thesis explores the association between profiles with different value structures and individuals' preferences for novelty and familiarity through a person-centered approach.
Design: The thesis mainly applies a quantitative research design, grounded in a research philosophy of realism and positivism, remaining value-neutral, and applying quantitative research methods. A systematic quantitative literature review is conducted to clarify the progress of novelty in tourism, identifying relevant antecedents and consequences, based on 86 empirical papers. In accordance with most studies of personal values and attitudes, this thesis applies a survey design using two different populations (UK and US). Using a variable-centered approach, structural equation modeling is applied to test the relationship between the value dimensions of openness to change and conservation on the preferences for novelty and familiarity. This analysis uses a third-order model on survey data from 493 individuals in the UK. Using a person-centered approach, latent profile analysis is used to identify profiles with different value structures and their preferences for novelty and familiarity. This analysis is based on survey data from 498 individuals in the US.
Results: Paper one provides an overview of the progress of novelty in tourism, highlighting its growing attention in the tourism literature over the years. Novelty has been explored through both emotional and attitudinal theoretical perspectives within this field. The thesis suggests that novelty should be viewed as an attitudinal evaluation or a preference for something that is new. The potential consequences of novelty are linked to evaluative, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and life outcomes. Possible antecedents of novelty are associated with external factors, self-constructs, personality traits, and personal values. Paper two examines the relationship between the value dimensions of openness to change and conservation on the preferences for novelty and familiarity. The results indicate that openness to change significantly and positively influences the preference for novelty while negatively influencing the preference for familiarity. In contrast, conservation does not significantly influence the preference for novelty but positively influences the preference for familiarity. Paper three identifies four profiles with different structures of personal values, namely the tradition-focused, stimulation-focused, strong, and weak values. The focused value profiles exhibit focused vacation preferences for either novelty or familiarity. The strong and weak profiles demonstrate balanced value structures, aligning with their balanced vacation preference for both novelty and familiarity.
Contribution: The thesis contributes to theoretical advancements by conceptualizing novelty from an attitudinal perspective. This provides a framework for analyzing novelty in tourism with possible antecedents and consequences together with a theoretical discussion on how novelty is related to other constructs such as familiarity, uniqueness, difference, and authenticity. Contributions are made by proposing a one-dimensional attitudinal scale when measuring novelty and familiarity as a preference for something that is new and familiar. This perspective is used to propose that novelty and familiarity are two independent constructs, not necessarily positioned at opposite ends of a continuum. The concept of novelty is also integrated with the theory of personal values, highlighting the relevance of the relationships between personal values and vacation preferences in the tourism literature. Methodological contributions are also made by (a) using a third-order confirmatory factor model of personal values, and (b) combining variable- and person-centered approaches when investigating the relationship between the value dimensions of openness to change and conservation and preferences for novelty and familiarity.
Limitations: The thesis focuses on novelty in tourism from an attitudinal perspective. Nevertheless, to fully understand vacation preferences in tourism, other related constructs to novelty, such as uniqueness, difference, and authenticity, should be explored. Comparing the attitudinal and emotional perspectives of novelty needs further investigation, such as testing the process perspective of novelty. Other relevant individual differences, such as personality traits (e.g., variety and sensation seeking), could enrich the understanding of antecedents to novelty. The consequences of novelty in tourism are only briefly discussed, and exploring these (e.g., happiness and well-being) could further inform an explanation of novelty in tourism. A survey design is applied with limitations in terms of bias and causality, so future studies could apply experiments and longitudinal studies. The empirical evidence is limited to UK and US samples, which restricts the cultural diversity of the results from the thesis.Formål: Det overordnede målet med denne avhandlingen er å anvende et holdningsperspektiv på begrepet nyhet innen turisme og teste dette perspektivet innenfor Schwartz teori om personlige verdier. Avhandlingen starter med å kartlegge utviklingen av nyhet i turismelitteraturen og identifiserer potensielle drivere og konsekvenser av nyhet. Her undersøkes teoretiske perspektiver innen holdninger og emosjoner på nyhet, sammen med andre relevante begreper. Videre testes innflytelsen fra verdidimensjonene åpenhet for endring og bevaring på individers preferanser for nyhet og familiaritet, ved hjelp av en variabel-sentrert tilnærming. Avslutningsvis undersøker avhandlingen sammenhengen mellom ulike verdistrukturer og individers preferanser for nyhet og familiaritet gjennom en person-sentrert tilnærming.
Design: Avhandlinger bruker primært et kvantitativt forskningsdesign, forankret i en forskningsfilosofi om realisme og positivisme, forblir verdinøytral og bruker kvantitative forskningsmetoder. En systematisk kvantitativ litteraturgjennomgang av 86 empiriske artikler har blitt utført for å kartlegge utviklingen av nyhet i turismelitteraturen, samt for å identifisere relevante drivere og konsekvenser. I tråd med mange studier av personlige verdier og holdninger, benytter denne avhandlingen et spørreskjema design med deltakere fra to forskjellige populasjoner (Storbritannia og USA). Ved bruk av en variabel-sentrert tilnærming, anvendes strukturell ligningsmodellering for å undersøke sammenhengen mellom verdidimensjonene åpenhet for endring og bevaring, og preferanser for nyhet og familiaritet. Denne analysen bruker en tredjeordens modell med data fra 493 individer i Storbritannia. Ved bruk av en person-sentrert tilnærming, anvendes latent profilanalyse for å identifisere profiler med ulike verdistrukturer og deres preferanser for nyhet og familiaritet. Denne analysen er basert på data fra 498 individer i USA.
Resultater: Artikkel en gir en oversikt over utviklingen av begrepet nyhet innen turismeforskningen, og understreker den økende oppmerksomheten dette temaet har fått i litteraturen over tid. Nyhet er utforsket gjennom teoretiske perspektiver knyttet til både emosjoner og holdninger. Avhandlingen foreslår at nyhet bør betraktes som en preferanse for det nye, basert på holdningsteori. Konsekvensene av nyhet er relatert til evaluering, kognisjon, emosjon, atferd og livsutfall. Drivere for nyhet er knyttet til eksterne faktorer, individets selvoppfatning, personlighetstrekk og personlige verdier. Artikkel to utforsker sammenhengen mellom verdidimensjonene åpenhet for endring og bevaring, og preferanser for nyhet og familiaritet. Resultatene viser at åpenhet for endring signifikant og positivt påvirker preferansen for nyhet, mens den negativt påvirker preferansen for familiaritet. I motsetning til dette, påvirker bevaring ikke signifikant preferansen for nyhet, men påvirker positivt og signifikant preferansen for familiaritet. Artikkel tre identifiserer fire profiler med ulike strukturer av personlige verdier: tradisjonsfokusert, stimuleringsfokusert, sterke og svake verdier. De fokuserte verdiprofilene viser fokuserte feriepreferanser for enten nyhet eller familiaritet. De sterke og svake profilene demonstrerer balanserte verdistrukturer, som stemmer overens med deres balanserte feriepreferanser for både nyhet og familiaritet.
Bidrag: Avhandlingen bidrar til teoretiske fremskritt ved å konseptualisere nyhet fra et holdningsperspektiv. Dette gir et rammeverk for å analysere nyhet, inkludert mulige drivere og konsekvenser, og diskuterer hvordan nyhet er relatert til andre begreper som familiaritet, unikhet, forskjellighet og autentisitet. Et bidrag er utviklingen av en endimensjonal holdningsskala for å måle nyhet og familiaritet som preferanser for det nye og familiære. Dette perspektivet utfordrer den tradisjonelle antagelsen om at nyhet og familiaritet ikke nødvendigvis er motpoler på en skala, og foreslår i stedet at de er to uavhengige begreper. Videre integrerer avhandlingen nyhet med teorien om personlige verdier, noe som understreker betydningen av sammenhengen mellom personlige verdier og feriepreferanser i turismeforskningen. Metodologiske bidrag er også gjort ved å (a) anvende en tredjeordens bekreftende faktormodell av personlige verdier, og (b) kombinere variabel- og person-sentrerte tilnærminger for å utforske hvordan verdidimensjonene åpenhet for endring og bevaring påvirker preferanser for nyhet og familiaritet.
Begrensninger: Avhandlingen fokuserer på nyhet i turismelitteraturen fra et holdningsperspektiv. For å oppnå en grundigere forståelse av feriepreferanser, bør andre relaterte begreper til nyhet utforskes, som unikhet, forskjellighet og autentisitet. Videre krever de teoretiske perspektivene knyttet til holdninger og emosjoner rundt nyhet ytterligere undersøkelser, inkludert testing av prosessperspektivet på nyhet. Det kan også være nyttig å inkludere andre relevante individuelle forskjeller, som personlighetstrekk (f.eks. variasjon og sensasjonssøking), for å berike forståelsen av forløpere for nyhet. Konsekvensene av nyhet er kort diskutert og trenger dypere utforskning (f.eks. lykke og velvære). Spørreundersøkelser har blitt brukt med begrensninger angående skjevhet og årsakssammenhenger, så fremtidige studier bør vurdere å benytte eksperimentelle tilnærminger og longitudinelle studier. Det empiriske beviset er begrenset til prøver fra Storbritannia og USA, noe som igjen begrenser den kulturelle mangfoldigheten i avhandlingens resultater
Ut på tur: Refleksjoner rundt turlivet
Get PDFDette kapittelet handler om å gå på tur. Det er noe de fleste av oss gjør hele tida, vi går skogsturer, fjellturer, skiturer, toppturer og mye mer. Men vi har også andre ord for dette; vi vandrer og lager vandreruter i fjellet, vi bruker terrenget, vi rusler og jogger – vi beveger oss. Bevegelser er helt sentralt for mennesket, å gå er nesten som hjerteslag og pust, helt fundamentalt for livet – naturlig. Derfor er turlivet viktig – det bidrar i våre dager til å holde oss i live. Turlivet er bevegelser som også setter tankene i sving. For eksempel har det blitt hevdet –blant andre av Fritjof Nansen, Arne Næss og Petter Wessel Zapffe – at vi best blir kjent med naturen gjennom å leve i og med den, oppleve dens mangfold, karakter og krefter. På tur nyter vi naturens naturlighet, og undres over de menneskelige inngrepene som er gjort. Turgåing påvirker også våre oppfatninger av verden – våre verdensanskuelser, hevdes det (Christensen, 2009; Picciotto, 2019)
Environmental effects monitoring of offshore oil and gas activities on the Norwegian continental shelf: A review
No full textThis review examines the evolution and findings of Norway's offshore environmental monitoring (OEM) program over the past five decades. The program targets soft sediments, water column organisms, and deep-water epifauna across the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) to assess the impacts of offshore oil and gas activities. The program is required by Norwegian authorities and financed by oil and gas companies operating on the NCS. Initially prompted by widespread effects from oil-contaminated drill cuttings (OBM-DC) discharges, the first sediment quality monitoring came in 1973, and grew into a regional sediment quality monitoring program in 1995. A ban on discharge of OBM cuttings on the NCS was implemented in 1993, and the following years saw a clear reduction in areas with impacted sediments. Currently, significant contamination and macrofauna disturbances are typically confined within 250–500 m of DC discharge points. In the 1990s, concerns over increasing produced water (PW) discharges led to development of effect monitoring in the water column, with focus on fish and mussels as bioindicators. These in situ effect surveys have shown localized impacts near PW outlets. Other fish surveys have revealed elevated DNA adduct levels in demersal fish (haddock) in several areas on the NCS, but the causality of this phenomenon remains unclear. Deep-water petroleum exploration has necessitated visual surveys to map protected benthic epifauna communities, such as corals and sponges, though the methodology's suitability for assessing biological impact is uncertain. Future recommendations include redesigning sediment surveys to address combined stressors from the petroleum industry, fisheries, and climate change, adopting recent methodological and statistical advancements, and improving integration across program elements. This review describes how the offshore monitoring on the NCS has evolved in response to changing environmental concerns, regulations and industrial practices, providing insights for enhancing ecological protection in offshore petroleum activities
Origin and composition of hydrothermally-influenced sediments at Aurora Vent Field, southwestern Gakkel Ridge (82.9°N)
Get PDFSlow–ultraslow spreading ridges represent half of the total length of the global mid-ocean ridge system and have been recognized to host hydrothermal activity. Their role as a source versus sink of elements in the oceans remains poorly constrained. Here, we present the first sediment data from the Aurora Vent Field (~3900 m depth) on the ultraslow spreading Gakkel mid-ocean ridge and the northernmost active vent field (82.9°N) explored to date. We interpret the composition of the cores at various distances from the vents based on physical parameters (P-wave velocity, gamma density, magnetic susceptibility, acoustic impedance and fractional porosity), mineralogy and (in)organic geochemistry (elemental analysis via X-Ray fluorescence and carbon–nitrogen systematics). Metalliferous sediments in two blade cores at 13CTOC. Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera in a gravity core yielded an age of 27 230 cal bp, evidence for protracted vent activity preceding the Last Glacial Maximum 23 to 19 ka. Finally, we propose a sedimentological model for the Aurora hydrothermally influenced system that can be potentially exported to analogues worldwide
Symmetries of (2, 3, 5)-distributions and associated Legendrian cone structures
Get PDFWe exploit a natural correspondence between holomorphic (2, 3, 5)-distributions and nondegenerate lines on holomorphic contact manifolds of dimension 5 to present a new perspective in the study of symmetries of (2, 3, 5)-distributions. This leads to a number of new results in this classical subject, including an unexpected relation between the multiply-transitive families of models having 7- and 6-dimensional symmetries, and a one-to-one correspondence between equivalence classes of nontransitive (2, 3, 5)-distributions with 6-dimensional symmetries and nonhomogeneous nondegenerate Legendrian curves in
. An ingredient for establishing the former is an explicit classification of homogeneous nondegenerate Legendrian curves in
, which we present. Moreover, our approach gives a new perspective on exceptionality of the 3 : 1 ratio for two 2-spheres rolling on each other without twisting or slipping
Nonparametric Estimation of Temperature Response to Volcanic Forcing
Get PDFLarge volcanic eruptions strongly influence the internal variability of the climate system. Reliable estimates of the volcanic eruption response as simulated by climate models are needed to reconstruct past climate variability. Yet, the ability of models to represent the response to both single-eruption events and a combination of eruptions remains uncertain. We use the Community Earth System Model version 2 along with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6, known as CESM2(WACCM6), to study the global-mean surface temperature (GMST) response to idealized single volcano eruptions at the equator, ranging in size from Mt. Pinatubo-type events to supereruptions. Additionally, we simulate the GMST response to double-eruption events with eruption separations of a few years. For large idealized eruptions, we demonstrate that double-eruption events separated by 4 years combine linearly in terms of GMST response. In addition, the temporal development is similar across all single volcanic eruptions injecting at least 400 Tg (CO2) into the atmosphere. Because only a few eruptions in the past millennium occurred within 4 years of a previous eruption, we assume that the historical record can be represented as a superposition of single-eruption events. Hence, we employ a deconvolution method to estimate a nonparametric historical GMST response pulse function for volcanic eruptions, based on climate simulation data from 850 to 1850 taken from a previous study. By applying the estimated GMST response pulse function, we can reconstruct most of the underlying historical GMST signal. Furthermore, the GMST response is significantly perturbed for at least 7 years following eruptions
Folkehelse og livsmestring: Individets eller samfunnets ansvar?: En kvalitativ studie av temaet «folkehelse og livsmestring» i skolepolitiske dokumenter
Get PDFI denne masteravhandlingen har jeg utforsket hvordan temaet «folkehelse og livsmestring» begrunnes i sentrale skolepolitiske dokumenter i norsk skole. «Folkehelse og livsmestring» er et av tre tverrfaglige temaer i Læreplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet 2020. Dette temaet har blant annet som mål om å gi elever kompetanse som fremmer psykisk og fysisk helse, og som gir muligheter til å ta ansvarlige livsvalg. Masteravhandlingens problemstilling er: «Hvordan begrunnes behovet for temaet «folkehelse og livsmestring» i skolen i skolepolitiske dokumenter?». For å gi et godt grunnlag for å svare på problemstillingen har jeg utformet tre forskningsspørsmål i lys av sentrale skolepolitiske dokumenter: (1) Hvordan begrunnes behovet for temaet «folkehelse og livsmestring» i skolen? (2) Hvilke forventninger til elevene uttrykkes i begrunnelsene for temaet «folkehelse og livsmestring» i skolen? og (3) Hvilke eventuelle samfunnsmessige spenningsforhold kommer til uttrykk i begrunnelsene for «folkehelse og livsmestring» i skolen?
Med utgangspunkt i problemstillingen har jeg gjort en kvalitativ dokumentstudie av skolepolitiske dokumenter som viser til innføring av «folkehelse og livsmestring» i skolen. Fremgangsmåten er inspirert av stegvis-deduktiv-induktiv tilnærming (Tjora, 2024). Ved bruk av denne tilnærmingen har jeg analysert sentrale begrunnelser i de utvalgte skolepolitiske dokumentene. Analysen resulterer i tre hovedfunn: (1) ansvarliggjøring av barn og unge, (2) skolen som helsefremmende arena og (3) sosial, emosjonell og digital kompetanse. Disse tre funnene forstås og tolkes i lys av sosiologiske teorier og begreper hentet fra Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, William Cockerham, David Labaree og Robert Crawford. Teoriene bidrar til å synliggjøre hvordan dokumentene vektlegger individets evne til å mestre livets utfordringer i et samfunn preget av økt individualisering.
Det første funn omhandler at dokumentene fremmer en ansvarliggjøring av barn og unge, der elever må lære seg å ta ansvar og ivareta eget liv. Mitt andre funn omhandler skolens rolle som helsefremmende arena, hvor dokumentene legger frem at skolen skal gi barn og unge viktige kompetanser for å mestre livet. Dokumentene vektlegger at fremtiden vil kreve mer enn fagspesifikk kompetanse, hvor særlig sosial, emosjonell og digital kompetanse blir viktig. Dokumentenes fremstilling tar utgangspunkt i individualisering som samfunnstendens, noe som møter kritikk, både i høringssvar og foreliggende forskning. Det tredje funnet omhandler et spenningsforhold i fremstillingen av et individualisert samfunn og skolens oppgave i å styrke og bevare kollektive verdier