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Indigenous identity in South Africa post 1994 and the peculiarity of Each Community with respect to the notion of Indigeneity
Get PDFIdentity is an inherent description and when defined, can also be nuanced depending on which perspective is taken. Indigenous identity is complex, and self-identification is one of the aspects that cannot be taken away from persons, being rooted in one-self’s acclamation, as indigenous in Africa, and South Africa.
Indigenous identity is a dynamic and complex socio philosophical notion in South Africa, as is those who are considered as the indigenous peoples of South Africa. Since 1994, there has been a struggle between social groupings of South Africa, including within the political landscape of South Africa, to determine who is indigenous. The concept of ‘indigenousness’ has been a significant source of division, specifically between white and non-white South Africans. Self-identification further exacerbates of ‘tribalism’, further deepening divisions within the society at large. This paper seeks to address the nature of indigenous identity in South Africa post 1994 and its peculiarity for each community with respect to the notion of indigeneity. The paper also seek to link the definition indigeneity to the plight of indigenous peoples in South Africa post 1994.
Despite its democratic values, South Africa remains a divided society. While it prides itself on the notion of being a ‘rainbow nation’, marginalisation still manifests in certain communities.
How can indigenous identity be defined who is indigenous to South Africa post 1994 given the efforts at nation building and the notion of nationhood of all who live in South Africa?
The goal is to extract how South African citizens perceive their role in building a non-racial South Africa and what future role they perceive to be building through identity.Identity is an inherent description and when defined, can also be nuanced depending on which perspective is taken. Indigenous identity is complex, and self-identification is one of the aspects that cannot be taken away from persons, being rooted in one-self’s acclamation, as indigenous in Africa, and South Africa.
Indigenous identity is a dynamic and complex socio philosophical notion in South Africa, as is those who are considered as the indigenous peoples of South Africa. Since 1994, there has been a struggle between social groupings of South Africa, including within the political landscape of South Africa, to determine who is indigenous. The concept of ‘indigenousness’ has been a significant source of division, specifically between white and non-white South Africans. Self-identification further exacerbates of ‘tribalism’, further deepening divisions within the society at large. This paper seeks to address the nature of indigenous identity in South Africa post 1994 and its peculiarity for each community with respect to the notion of indigeneity. The paper also seek to link the definition indigeneity to the plight of indigenous peoples in South Africa post 1994.
Despite its democratic values, South Africa remains a divided society. While it prides itself on the notion of being a ‘rainbow nation’, marginalisation still manifests in certain communities.
How can indigenous identity be defined who is indigenous to South Africa post 1994 given the efforts at nation building and the notion of nationhood of all who live in South Africa?
The goal is to extract how South African citizens perceive their role in building a non-racial South Africa and what future role they perceive to be building through identity
Queer In-Betweenness: Between the Binaries in Taylor Jenkins Reid’s The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo and Jeffrey Eugenides’ Middlesex
Get PDFHistorically, bisexuality and intersex identities have been overlooked. Even in the queer community, bisexuals and intersex individuals had to bring their voices higher in order to be heard, through literature, testimonies and activism. However, even in the 21st century, the academic discussion and queer activism haven’t given enough visibility to the fictional representation of characters as models for younger audiences. Because literature works as a tool to connect communities and enables a space of performance and introspection, queer novels about bisexuality and intersex identities such as Taylor Jenkins Reid’s The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo and Jeffrey Eugenides’ Middlesex should be easily available for the youth. This thesis will analyze the personal journey through the bisexual awakening of Evelyn Hugo and the intersex realization of Cal Stephanides in order to expose the invisibility of these identities as well as the novels’ depiction of queer oppression suffered during the mid-20th century in the US.
In Evelyn’s case, oppression takes the form of sexual, verbal and physical abuse towards a woman and the rejection and silence of queer individuals. For Evelyn, this silence caused her to hide her relationship with a woman in order to keep their privileges as Hollywood celebrities and their human right to live and work. In Cal, as an intersex individual who did not know about their intersex identity from birth to their puberty, presents the reflections of a difficult and confusing journey of being treated and raised as a girl while never feeling it was the right gender or term for them. However, in an accident in 1974, during their puberty, their life completely changes by the realization of their intersex body and the possibility of becoming the man they actually feel themselves to be. However, both bisexuality and intersex identity do not only share these negative experiences but also the understanding and experience of shared space, the in-betweenness, of gender (male-female) and sexual orientation (heterosexuality-homosexuality).Historically, bisexuality and intersex identities have been overlooked. Even in the queer community, bisexuals and intersex individuals had to bring their voices higher in order to be heard, through literature, testimonies and activism. However, even in the 21st century, the academic discussion and queer activism haven’t given enough visibility to the fictional representation of characters as models for younger audiences. Because literature works as a tool to connect communities and enables a space of performance and introspection, queer novels about bisexuality and intersex identities such as Taylor Jenkins Reid’s The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo and Jeffrey Eugenides’ Middlesex should be easily available for the youth. This thesis will analyze the personal journey through the bisexual awakening of Evelyn Hugo and the intersex realization of Cal Stephanides in order to expose the invisibility of these identities as well as the novels’ depiction of queer oppression suffered during the mid-20th century in the US.
In Evelyn’s case, oppression takes the form of sexual, verbal and physical abuse towards a woman and the rejection and silence of queer individuals. For Evelyn, this silence caused her to hide her relationship with a woman in order to keep their privileges as Hollywood celebrities and their human right to live and work. In Cal, as an intersex individual who did not know about their intersex identity from birth to their puberty, presents the reflections of a difficult and confusing journey of being treated and raised as a girl while never feeling it was the right gender or term for them. However, in an accident in 1974, during their puberty, their life completely changes by the realization of their intersex body and the possibility of becoming the man they actually feel themselves to be. However, both bisexuality and intersex identity do not only share these negative experiences but also the understanding and experience of shared space, the in-betweenness, of gender (male-female) and sexual orientation (heterosexuality-homosexuality)
"UNLOCKING NOVO NORDISK'S MARKET POSITION: A STUDY OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND ESTIMATION OF INTRINSIC VALUE USING FREE CASH FLOW TO EQUITY FRAMEWORK"
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This study aims to analyze competitive advantage of Novo Nordisk and estimate its per share intrinsic value using discounted cash flow model. In this case study, competitive advantage was accesses by porter’s five forces analysis, VRIO framework, SWOT analysis and supplemented by financial metrics analysis i.e. ROIC and revenue growth for last 10 years (2015-2024). Free cash flow to equity (FCFE) model was used for estimation of intrinsic value followed by sensitivity and bull case & bear case analysis. The analysis demonstrates that Novo Nordisk enjoys sustainable competitive advantage in pharmaceutical industry driven by innovative and strong R&D culture, excellent intellectual property assets and pipeline, highly skilled workforce, brand reputation and leadership in diabetes and obesity market. Though there will be challenges with severe market competition and pricing pressure in future, Novo Nordisk and Eil Lilly collectively will retain 70% market share till 2031 enjoying their first comer effect with continuous innovation. Currently Novo Nordisk retains roughly 34% diabetic, half of insulin and GLP-1 drugs market. Intrinsic valuation by FCFE yields 75.22 on May 5, 2025. Sensitivity analysis shows that model is most sensitive to assumptions of cost of equity. Case scenario yields values from 54.34 to 155.60) lies near to bear case (54.34$) which indicates cautiousness in our assumptions as assumptions related to cost of equity, growth rate and terminal value are subjective in FCFE analysis
Flying in Greenland: Pilot, Weather, and Perceptual Experience, An Anthropology of Human Factors
No full textFull text not availableThis thesis examines preceptions of an environment defined as hostile - the ‘perceiving’ that is not limited to cognitive aspects. It is a thesis about the ways in which we see the world, not as determined, but with awareness that our experiences affect what we bring to what is in front of us, before our eyes. But it is also about the physical structure of the eye, in that we have deficiencies. In this way, this thesis also brings up, what is it about our visual attention that make it hard for us to see, for pilot’s to train their eyes to see? To find out, I asked the the pilots flying in Greenland, what does it mean to perceive their environment?
In light of this, pilots prefer not to experience unforeseen weather that comes as a surprise, especially if there is a failure at the same time. When something does happen, to what extent is the pilot in the decision-making loop? If we start from the first instance that we see the optical flow of James J. Gibson with our eyes, allowing for a fair description of the world, referring to Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, will it leave space for a visual experience of the world to be perceived?
https://pilotgreenland.com connects the research to the multimodal platfor
“Assessing Accountability Mechanisms for Conflict-related Sexual Violence (CRSV) within Transitional Justice Processes in South Sudan and Ethiopia: A Comparative Analysis”
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This study critically examines the mainstreaming of CRSV into transitional justice mechanisms in Ethiopia and South Sudan. This research utilises a comparative approach in analysing how domestic and hybrid prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations, and traditional justice approaches address CRSV and the needs of its survivors. The study employs a transitional justice theoretical framework to guide the research design and the research in the existing literature, as well as enhance the analysis and interpretation of the findings. The research adopts a qualitative research method, employing documentary analysis for data collection by looking at the R-ARCSS and EPOTJ documents and how CRSV is framed in these documents. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data through the development of themes and codes reflecting on CRSV. The finding reveals the need for transitional justice to be victim-centred, gender-sensitive above emblematic recognition to promote long-term reconciliation and accountability. By identifying the differences and similarities in Ethiopia and South Sudan's Transitional justice mechanisms, this study contributes to the wider discussions on designing gender and survivor-centred transitional justice mechanisms. This research concludes with practical policy recommendations for strengthening accountability for CRSV in transitional justice processes across Africa.
Keyword: CRSV, Transitional Justice, South Sudan, Ethiopi
Does Parental Education Relate to Children's Attitudes about Gender Equality?
Get PDFIn the present thesis, I investigate the relation between parental education and children’s gender attitudes in Norway and Poland. This study used a cross-sectional questionnaire from 1542 high school students (462 Norwegian and 1080 Polish; 715 boys and 827 girls; 697 were 16 years old, 739 were 17 years old and 106 were 18 years old). By conducting multivariate general linear models and regression analysis on the data, this study contributes to our understanding of the influence of parental education level on adolescents' gender attitudes by showing that (a) the importance of parental education in shaping adolescents’ equal gender attitudes, girls report less hostile sexism when their parental education level is higher. (b) parental education has a significant positive effect on gender essentialism, which means that a higher parental education level is related to more support for gender essentialism. (c) sons report more support for gender essentialism when their paternal education level is higher, and Polish adolescents report more support for gender essentialism when their maternal education level is higher. This thesis contributes to the fact that parental education is related to children's attitudes toward gender equality. And we suggest that future society should narrow educational gaps to promote gender equality
Factors predicting migration patterns in the world’s northernmost moose population in Finnmark
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Purpose. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors predicting migration pattern in moose in Finnmark. Moose has earlier been most numerous in the central and southern part of Norway, but the moose population in Finnmark increased in the 1990’s, and has now reached a more stable state. This makes a study on how the moose behaves in a relatively new habitat of particular interest.
Methods. Using a movement data set of 53 moose (Alces alces) from the project “Elg i Finnmark” (The Moose in Finnmark) collected in the period 2016-2021, migratory and stationary moose were analysed. Seasonal environmental factors were estimated from 95% Minimum convex polygons. Effects of age, sex, elevation, population density, snow depth, vegetation productivity, proportion of woody canopy, semi-domestic reindeer summer pastures and geometrid moth outbreaks were tested using a logistic regression model.
Results. Increasing mean elevation in summer areas had a positive effect on the propensity to be migratory (p-value 0,027), increasing mean elevation in winter areas had a negative effect on the propensity to be migratory (p-value: 0,048), and increasing range in elevation in winter areas had a negative effect on the propensity to be migratory (p-value: 0,023).
Conclusions. The results point towards elevation and range as important factors explaining migration patterns in moose in Finnmark. These results are in support of the forage maturation hypothesis, but other mechanisms can also provide an explanation of the results. Further research on movement behaviour is encouraged, as human activities and climate change are likely to influence how moose move through the landscape.
Keywords: Ungulates, cervids, moose, Alces alces, climate change, Arctic, browsing, geometrid moths, Varanger, Finnmark, animal movement, migration, spatial dat
Litterære samtaler og deres betydning for elevers engasjement og innsats i stillelesing
Get PDFStillelesing eller lesekvart er en vanlig arbeidsmåte i norskundervisning. Arbeidsformene brukes som en 10 til 20 minutter lang stillelesingsøkt hvor elevene skal lese for seg selv. I de siste årene er stillelesing blitt et omdiskutert tema. Får elevene det utbyttet som ønskes? Det har blitt hevdet at stillelesing har et potensial som ikke blir fulgt opp. Blant forslagene om hvordan dette potensialet kan oppfylles, finnes veiledning og tilbakemelding (Svanes (2016)) og litterære samtaler som kan øke elevenes engasjement og motivasjon (Bryan et al. (2003))
Litterære samtaler har funnet sted i skolen i lang tid og er oftest forbundet med faget norsk. Bryan et al. (2003) har brukt litterære samtaler i sammenheng med stillelesing i sin artikkel. Det kommer fram lovende resultater hvor samtalene er med å skape større engasjement og motivasjon for lesing. I artikkelen gjennomføres det strukturerte observasjoner av tre informanter under stillelesingsøktene. Videre gjennomføres flere litterære samtaler med informantene som har som formål å skape engasjement for boken de leser. Bryan et al. (2003) konkluderer med at litterære samtaler kan være en bidragsyter for å kunne øke engasjementet og leselysten blant barn og unge. I mitt masterprosjekt har jeg tatt for meg strukturerte observasjoner av tre informanter, som alle går på mellomtrinnet. På bakgrunn av boken informantene leste, gjennomførte jeg tre litterære samtaler. Disse hadde som formål å skape større engasjement og motivasjon for lesing. Selv om mitt eget masterprosjekt har flere likheter med artikkelen til Bryan et al. (2003), er det ikke en replikasjonsstudie i snever forstand. I mitt masterprosjekt forsøker jeg å bidra med økt kunnskap på feltet, samtidig som jeg vil tydeliggjøre momenter som ikke kommer frem i Bryan et al.s (2003) artikkel. Dette kan f.eks. være hvordan en motiverende litterær samtale kan gjennomføres.
På bakgrunn av den strukturerte observasjonen og de litterære samtalene har jeg gjennom en kvalitativ tilnærming sett på hvordan litterære samtaler forbedrer elevers innsats og engasjement i stillelesingsøkter. Flere av utdragene etter den tematiske analysen viser til hvordan informantene opplever engasjement for boken de leser. Prosjektet viser at litterære samtaler kan være en bidragsyter for å skape større engasjement og motivasjon for stillelesing. Det finnes et potensial i stillelesing som kan være med å skape større rom for engasjement og motivasjon som videre henger tett sammen med økning av leseferdighetene til barn og unge
Oversettelse av bærekraftige løsninger i offentlig sektor
Get PDFOppgaven benytter Røviks oversettelsesteori, som ser på hvordan ideer og praksiser overføres og tilpasses nye kontekster. Teorien skiller mellom tre oversettelsesmoduser: kopiering, modifisering og omvandling. Translatørkompetanse, eller evnen til å effektivt oversette og tilpasse ideer, er også sentral.
I studien benyttes det en kvalitativ tilnærming, med individuelle intervjuer av fem informanter med ulik kompetanse innen bærekraft og offentlige anskaffelser. Dataene ble analysert for å identifisere relevante faktorer og forsøke å forstå innføringen av nye ideer fra intensjon, oversettelse og måloppnåelse.
Min observasjon og refleksjon viser at er vanskelig å etterleve intensjonen for bærekraft og innføringen av FOA §7-9 ved oversettelse og operasjonalisering. For å etablere en god praksis, er forutsetningene for oversettelsesteorien at det må øves på (oversettes). For å måle betydningen av det forutsettes det en uviss mengde oversettelser for å kunne gjøre det målbart. Fleksibilitet og kompetanseheving er nødvendig for å kunne gjøre konkrete vurderinger. Forskningen viser at det er viktig å tydeliggjøre begreper og fokusere på kompetanseheving for å få gode resultater og unngå misforståelser. Spesielt i tidlig faser ved innføring av ideer. Samtidig må oversettelsen tilpasses den spesifikke konteksten for å være effektiv
Peacebuilding in protracted conflict environments: Impact of October 7th and the following war between Israel and Hamas on Israeli and Palestinian peace organizations
Get PDFThis thesis investigates how October 7th and the following war between Israel and Hamas has influenced peace organizations in Israel and Palestine. Further, it is explored how resilient these organizations are when they face a threatening event and how they practice resilience in times of violent conflict. Additionally, the relationship between peacebuilding, the assumption that the local is resilient and creates sustainable peace and the peace organizations in Israel and Palestine is explored. Therefore, this research interviewed nine representatives of Israeli and Palestinians peace organizations by conducting semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed via thematic analysis. The analysis showed that October 7th and its aftermath brought up significant challenge for the peace organizations. However, the organizations were able to adapt and recover, to varying degrees, from this threatening event while having valuable learning outcomes and are therefore considered to be resilient. To cope with internal challenges, it requires active support for the staff within an organization and is crucial for staying operational. Finally, the local, which is represented in this research by the researched peace organizations, confirms the assumption that it is resilient and able to build sustainable peace. Nevertheless, to establish this resilient peace on a larger scale in the Israeli and Palestinian society social change seems to be a crucial process to reach a sustainable political solution to the conflict.
Keywords: peacebuilding, resilience, violent conflict, Israel and Palestine, peace organization