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Animal ethnography and a relational approach to sustainability: methodological challenges and opportunities in wildlife tourism
Get PDFWe adopted a collaborative research approach involving two tourism scholars, a biologist and a photojournalist to discuss ethnography and sustainability from a posthuman ecofeminist perspective. We focused on ethnography as a potentially fruitful methodology for supporting justice in wildlife tourism. We reviewed the literature on more-than-human methodologies, including emerging studies on animal ethnography, critical legitimacy and science issues. Through two open conversations and thematic analysis, drawing on our collective expertise in academia (tourism and biology), business (tourism), the nonprofit sector (animal and environmental protection and conservation), and photojournalism, we developed a stepwise framework for conducting ethnographic studies to foster just wildlife tourism. Our framework emphasises the need to consider animals’ perspectives on wildlife tourism and promote justice by creating connections with our inner selves, coresearchers, animals, sociocultural and natural tourism contexts, and the public (including actual and potential tourists). This framework contributes to more-than-human methodologies, including tourism ethnography, and can support animal ethnographers’ fieldwork practices. It also contributes to advancing approaches to sustainability by emphasising how broad, in-depth thinking about animals in tourism can nurture a suitable mindset for promoting greater justice in wildlife tourism
Investigating crosslinguistic influence (CLI) in L3 morphosyntax through artificial languages
Get PDFThis study investigates the role of structural similarity in third language acquisition by using two different semi-artificial languages (ALs, called Aliensk A and Aliensk N) as the targets and either Polish–Norwegian or Norwegian as the previously acquired languages (all speakers also know English). It is an extension of Mitrofanova et al., who did a similar study with one semi-artificial language with Norwegian, Russian–Norwegian, and Greek–Norwegian speakers. Mitrofanova et al. found that previous experience with a language (Russian) which is structurally similar to the target language is facilitative even in instances where the other previously acquired language (Norwegian) is lexically similar to the target language, but this was only the case when the property in question was both structurally and overtly similar (i.e. had similar overt morphological expression). The ALs in the current study are lexically based on Norwegian, a language which does not have morphological case marking. Aliensk A has case marking on articles (structurally but not overtly similar to Polish) and Aliensk N has case marking on nouns (structurally and overtly similar to Polish). Results provide support for the position that previous experience with a language with an overtly and structurally similar property (case) can be facilitative at early stages of acquisition. However, this process may be mediated by an SVO bias, the level of proficiency and activation of the lexically similar language. Overall, the findings support models of L3/Ln acquisition which consider crosslinguistic influence (CLI) to be the result of co-activation of all previously acquired languages and suggest that both lexical and structural similarity play a role at early stages of acquisition
Roadmap to sustainably develop the European seaweed industry
Get PDFHow to build a sustainable seaweed industry is important in Europe’s quest to produce 8 million tons of seaweed by 2030. Based on interviews with industry representatives and an expert-workshop, we developed an interdisciplinary roadmap that addresses sustainable development holistically. We argue that sustainable practices must leverage synergies with existing industries (e.g. IMTA systems, offshore wind farms), as the industry develops beyond experimental cultivation towards economic viability
Baptism and the Theological Ratchet
Get PDFSubmitted to https://www.rivisteweb.it/issn/1120-4001.While the connection between baptism and creedal formulas has long been recognized, it was Hans Lietzmann who suggested that “the root of all creeds is the formula of belief pronounced by the baptizand, or pronounced in his hearing and assented to by him, before his baptism.” More recently, Wolfram Kinzig argued that during the first three centuries, “there was no declaratory profession of a triune God,” recent scholarship has abandoned the search for an original creed (Ursymbol), and all we can find in the early centuries are baptismal questions. However, as we will see, the search for baptismal questions in the early centuries is not straightforward. In this article, I will outline a model of “theological ratcheting” and apply it to the problem of the early development of baptismal practice and its connection with doctrine and storytelling. The model implies that religions change over time due to internal processes involving evolutionary forces, as well as being constrained by evolved cognitive mental and cultural formations external to religion. Following a brief discussion of creedal formulas, I will turn to a selective review of the early evidence about baptism, then discuss the problem of baptismal questions, which will lead us to the model of theological ratcheting and its application to baptism in the final part of the article
Amatørenes inntog -om frivillighet i eldreomsorgen
Get PDFSource at https://www.nsf.no/fg/geriatri-og-demens.Det er et stort potensial og behov for flere amatører/frivillige i eldreomsorgen. Frivillighet Norge viser til at rundt 500 000 personer kan tenke seg å være frivillig. Det fremkommer ikke hvor de kan tenke seg å være frivillig, men det er sannsynlig at noen kan tenke seg å bidra i eldreomsorgen.
I Norge er det en rekke frivillighetskoordinatorer som jobber med frivillighet i eldreomsorgen. Denne artikkelen setter søkelys på deres rolle og funksjon særlig i møte med frivillige enkeltpersoner som bidrar på sykehjem.
Hensikten med artikkelen er å få frem kunnskap om muligheter og utfordringer frivillighetskoordinatorer møter i sitt arbeid for å øke frivilligheten og få frivillige som bidrar til å bli.
Metode: Kvalitativ design basert på fokusgruppeintervju med 13 frivillighetskoordinatorer fra ulike kommuner i Norge.
Intervjuguiden fokuserte på frivillighetskoordinatorer sin opplevelse av funksjon og hvilke muligheter og utfordringer de erfarer i sitt arbeid.
Funn viser at frivillighetskoordinatorer jobber målrettet for en innovativ frivillighet, men at det er nødvendig med økt samarbeid med kollegaer og ledere.
Konklusjon: Frivillighetskoordinatorer ser at det er behov
for mer kunnskap, både hos ansatte og ledere, om verdien av frivillighet på sykehjem og at oppfølging av frivillige ikke bare må være frivillighetskoordinatorene sitt ansvar.
Nøkkelord: Frivillighetskoordinator, amatør, profesjonell, motivasjon
Fra kvinneklinikk til fødestue i Nord-Norge: en kvalitativ studie av jordmødres erfaringer.
Get PDFTittel: Fra kvinneklinikk til fødestue i Nord-Norge: en kvalitativ studie av jordmødres erfaringer.Hensikt: Hensikten er å undersøke hvordan jordmødre med erfaring fra større fødeenheter opplever å arbeide på fødestuer i distriktsområder i Nord-Norge.Problemstilling: Hvordan opplever jordmødre med tidligere erfaring fra kvinneklinikker å arbeide på jordmorstyrte fødestuer i Nord-Norge?Metode: Kvalitativt studiedesign med seks semistrukturerte individuelle intervjuer av jordmødre som arbeider på ulike fødestuer. De innsamlede dataene er analysert ved bruk av Malteruds metode: systematisk tekstkondensering.Funn: Analysen frembrakte tre hovedfunn: «Jordmors arbeidstilfredshet», der jordmødrene fremhevet betydningen av meningsfulle arbeidsoppgaver og et helsefremmende arbeidsmiljø som bidrar til trivsel. I «kvalitet i jordmoromsorg» ble kontinuitet, helhetlig tilnærming og en sterk relasjon mellom jordmor og kvinne sett på som avgjørende for en trygg omsorg. I «endret arbeidspraksis", var økt autonomi og tett kollegialt samarbeid viktige faktorer for faglig utvikling og trygg praksis. Samtidig førte ansvaret og selvstendigheten til en følelse av sårbarhet i utfordrende situasjoner, noe som ble forsterket av begrensede ressurser og lange avstander til nærmeste sykehus.Konklusjon: Studien viser at jordmødrene verdsetter kontinuiteten i omsorgen og den personlige relasjonen med kvinnene, samtidig som de setter pris på autonomien som arbeidet på en fødestue gir. Videre viser studien betydningen av et helsefremmende arbeidsmiljø, faglig utvikling og kollegial støtte for å sikre en trygg praksis og god fødselsomsorg i en geografisk krevende region
Feminism and Patriarchy in Madeline Miller's Circe and Natalie Haynes' Stone Blind
Get PDFFor the past two decades, rewritings of mythology have gained in popularity within literature. Rewritings of Greek myths are especially prevalent, with a common theme among many of them being women’s stories. The main goal of this thesis is to explore the effects of patriarchal social norms on women’s behavior, especially toward each other, in contemporary feminist Greek mythology rewritings. To do this, I perform comparative analyses of the gender dynamics and resulting female rage in Stone Blind by Natalie Haynes and Circe by Madeline Miller in two separate chapters. I also contextualize the two novels in recent feminist history by comparing the use of the witch image in European and North American history, and contemporary media and politics, and by briefly exploring the evolution of the Medusa head as symbolism. In this thesis, I argue that the animosity between the female characters is caused by the patriarchal suppression of women, and that in a world where women in power are harassed and called witches, and women are attacked and assaulted every day, these novels are a form of resistance and solidarity
Fostering joy of writing through a narrative-driven video game: A study of Life is Strange in an L2 English classroom
Get PDFSkriving er ofte sett på som vanskelig og lite motiverende blant elever. Denne studien utforsker om ungdomsskoleelevers manglende motivasjon for skriving kan motarbeides ved bruk av dataspillet Life is Strange i en kreativ skriveoppgave. Studien baserer seg på intervju, spørreskjema og observasjoner gjort i en 9.klasse med 17 elever. Flere av de involverte elevene kjenner antydning til skriveglede med oppgaven som ble gitt. Studien fokuserer videre på tre av elevene som tydeligst uttrykker opplevd skriveglede, og finner at variasjon i undervisning, de narrative og interaktive aspektene i spillet samt de pedagogiske valgene i undervisningopplegget er viktige bidragsytere til denne skrivegleden. Bruken av spillet Life is Strange skaper engasjement og inspirasjon for skriving, samtidig som fravær av vurdering og friere rammer har stor betydning. Vi konkluderer med at et narrativt dataspill som Life is Strange kan bidra til å fremme skriveglede hos elever i et pedagogisk gjennomtenkt opplegg, fordi det bidrar med variasjon og skaper engasjement. Dette er viktige men ofte fraværende momenter i mange elevers erfaringer med skriving i skolesammenheng.Writing is often perceived as difficult and unmotivating by pupils. This study explores how the decline in motivation among lower-secondary pupils’ can be counteracted by implementing the video game Life is Strange in a creative writing assignment. The study is based on interviews, a questionnaire and observations, conducted in a 9th-grade class with 17 pupils. Several pupils show signs of experiencing joy while writing. The study further focuses on three pupils’ who most clearly state have experienced joy while writing. The study emphasizes that variation in teaching, the narrative and interactive aspects of the video game, as well as the pedagogical choices made during the lessons are key contributors to the pupils’ sense of joy of writing. The implementation of the video game Life is Strange, fosters engagement and motivation for writing, while the absence of assessment and creative freedom laid the foundation for the joy of writing. We conclude that a narrative-driven video game like Life is Strange can facilitate joy of writing as it provides variation and engagement if implemented in a well-considered pedagogical setting. These are important yet often lacking elements in many pupils’ experiences with writing in school