110023 research outputs found
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探討深度學習模型輔助提升閱讀障礙學童聽覺可理解度之成效
No full text[[abstract]]閱讀障礙 (developmental dyslexia) 有聲韻覺識 (phonological awareness) 及聲調覺識 (tone awareness) 的困難，進而影響言語可理解度 (speech intelligibility) 及閱讀能力的發 展，當前研究為了提升閱讀障礙者的言語理解困難，運用了降噪或強化聲學特徵的方式 調整接收到的語音，確實有些成效，但並非提升所有聲學特徵皆達顯著效果，也無研究 同時改變兩變項並探討其對於言語理解的影響。且以往研究多以單字作為了解言語理解 是否提升的語料，並無使用日常溝通是用的句子，無法反映在實際生活中的情形。所以 希望探討透過母音拉長的強化聲學特徵，並加入降噪處理，是否對閱讀障礙者在句子階 層的言語理解有所影
資訊電機學院行動商務與多媒體應用學系
No full text[[abstract]]「資訊與科技」是本校的資訊類核心通識課程，主要目標是培養大一學生的資訊 素養。為提升非資訊學系學生的學習動機，本計畫的研究目的是透過學習策略的創新 運用(概念圖知識建構)，以及導入新興科技(聊天機器人)，並探討新的議題(資訊問題 解決能力)，以達到提升學生學習動機，進而促進學生學習成效之效果。[[note]]黃永
Methylmercury induces mitochondria- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pancreatic β-cell apoptosis via an oxidative stress-mediated JNK signaling pathway
No full text[[abstract]]Methylmercury (MeHg), a long-lasting organic pollutant, is known to induce cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells. Epidemiological studies have suggested that environmental exposure to MeHg is linked to the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The exact molecular mechanism of MeHg-induced pancreatic β-cell cytotoxicity is still unclear. Here, we found that MeHg (1-4 μM) significantly decreased insulin secretion and cell viability in pancreatic β-cell-derived RIN-m5F cells. A concomitant elevation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic events was observed, including decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased proapoptotic (Bax, Bak, p53)/antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) mRNA ratio, cytochrome c release, annexin V-Cy3 binding, caspase-3 activity, and caspase-3/-7/-9 activation. Exposure of RIN-m5F cells to MeHg (2 μM) also induced protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related signaling molecules, including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), X-box binding protein (XBP-1), and caspase-12. Pretreatment with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA; an ER stress inhibitor) and specific siRNAs for CHOP and XBP-1 significantly inhibited their expression and caspase-3/-12 activation in MeHg-exposed RIN-mF cells. MeHg could also evoke c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 1mM) or 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox; 100 μM) markedly prevented MeH-induced ROS generation and decreased cell viability in RIN-m5F cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with SP600125 (JNK inhibitor; 10 μM) or NAC (1 mM) or transfection with JNK-specific siRNA obviously attenuated the MeHg-induced JNK phosphorylation, CHOP and XBP-1 protein expression, apoptotic events, and insulin secretion dysfunction. NAC significantly inhibited MeHg-activated JNK signaling, but SP600125 could not effectively reduce MeHg-induced ROS generation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the induction of ROS-activated JNK signaling is a crucial mechanism underlying MeHg-induced mitochondria- and ER stress-dependent apoptosis, ultimately leading to β-cell death
Acupuncture Analgesia in Patients With Traumatic Rib Fractures: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
No full text[[abstract]]Pain management for traumatic rib fracture is important to prevent complications and reduce associated comorbidities. This trial investigated the analgesic efficacy of acupuncture on traumatic rib fracture. Patients with traumatic rib fracture were randomly assigned to traditional acupuncture (TA), laser acupuncture (LA) or sham laser acupuncture (SLA) groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. The intervention was performed on days 1 to 3 after treatment allocation. The acupoints included bilateral LI4 (Hegu), SJ6 (Zhigou), ST36 (Zusanli) and GB34 (Yanglingquan). The primary outcome was Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores for pain after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included sustained maximal inspiration (SMI) lung volume, stress responses, the use of analgesics, and associated complications. Data were analyzed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Scheffé's post hoc testing or chi-squared testing. Of the 120 study participants, 109 completed all interventions and measurements. The primary outcomes, which indicated average pain intensity levels and pain while deep breathing, were both significantly lower in the TA and LA groups than in the SLA group after 2 treatments. No between-group differences were observed in SMI lung volume, stress response, analgesics use or associated complications. These findings suggest that TA and LA are safe and effective analgesic modalities for pain management for traumatic rib fracture
Distinctively lower DISC1 mRNA levels in patients with schizophrenia, especially in those with higher positive, negative, and depressive symptoms
No full text[[abstract]]Background: The issue of genetic influence on schizophrenia has received considerable attention. The DISC1 gene has been shown in several studies to play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the relationship between DISC1 mRNA expression vs. schizophrenia and its clinical symptoms is uncertain.
Methods: Fifty-six subjects (32 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls) were enrolled. Peripheral blood was obtained from all subjects to exam the DISC1 mRNA expression. Schizophrenia patients were evaluated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scales. Healthy subjects were assessed with HAMD scale.
Results: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower levels of the DISC1 mRNA expression than the healthy control (P = 0.002). We also found that lower DISC1 mRNA levels in schizophrenia patients were associated with higher degree of depression in HAMD (P = 0.037), severer positive symptoms in PANSS (P = 0.032) and more negative symptoms in SANS (P = 0.038).
Conclusion: The results showed that schizophrenia patients had lower levels of DISC1 mRNA than healthy individuals, and that the schizophrenia patients with lower DISC1 mRNA levels were more likely to manifest more marked symptoms, including positive, negative, and depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that lower DISC1 expression may be related with the pathogenesis and phenotypes of schizophrenia. Future studies are needed to replicate the results and to further establish its potential role in clinical application of early diagnosis and outcome follow-up
The efficacy and tolerability of antibiotics in scrub typhus: An updated network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full text[[abstract]]Objectives: Inadequate treatment of scrub typhus results in severe complications such as septic shock and is also associated with a high median mortality rate of 6%. However, there has been no conclusive evidence about the superiority of different antibiotics in managing scrub typhus in terms of efficacy and tolerability.
Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) using the frequentist method. The included participants were pediatric and adult patients infected with scrub typhus. The primary outcome was the cure rate in the patients included. The subgroup analysis was done according to pediatric or adult patients.
Results: Overall, 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1264 participants were included in this study. The NMA revealed that all the investigated antibiotics were associated with cure rates similar to those of doxycycline. The chloramphenicol and minocycline were ranked to be associated with the highest cure rate in the pediatric subgroup and adult subgroup, respectively. Second-generation quinolones, including ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, were associated with significantly lower adverse event rates than doxycycline.
Conclusion: The current updated NMA provides evidence for the efficacy of chloramphenicol and minocycline in scrub typhus management. However, future large-scale RCTs with longer follow-up times are warranted
A Clinical Kidney Intelligence Platform Based on Big Data ,Artificial Intelligence ,and Blockchain Technology
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Abstract
The high prevalence and incidence of end-stage rental disease (ESRD) and the difficulty in the early predicting the acute kidney injury (AKI) event highlights the limits of existing kidney care model, particularly the fragmented care and fractured data. The era of medical big data and artificial intelligence (AI) opens an opportunity to fill these knowledge and practice gaps. To obtain multi-dimensional view of the profiles of patients receiving dialysis, we propose to provide coherent care services and to actively collect patients’ multi-faceted information from home and hospital (e.g., photos of diets, sleep duration, or dermatologic manifestations). Furthermore, by introducing the blockchain in the infrastructure to enable the trustable medical exchange and effectively creates a large set of distributed medical data lake from various participated hospitals. We will introduce the medical coin, a virtual token, to vitalize digital service within the blockchain and create common interests among data generators, data vendors, and data users.We aim to create business models on top of its therapeutic effectiveness and unlock the academic and commercial value of medical data ecosystem
正面的教育力量：921地震教育園區參觀者正負情緒、風險知覺、慾望與行為意圖關係之研究
No full text[[abstract]]921地震教育園區是臺灣附有展覽與教育功能的黑暗觀光場域。本文主旨在討論921地震教育園區參觀者的正向情緒與負向情緒，如何影響對地震災害的風險知覺、防震慾望與後續行為的關係。本研究採用量化研究取徑，以參觀者作為研究對象進行問卷調查，總共發放485份問卷，回收有效樣本數為474份（有效率：97.73%）。經過統計分析後，主要有2個結論：（一）正向與負向情緒皆會影響個人的風險知覺，進而影響慾望與行為意圖。（二）正向情緒對於風險知覺的影響力高於負向情緒。建議921地震教育園區可以加強災後重建的防震防災發展與教育，強化正向能量的引導。另外，建議未來研究者可以加入質性研究取徑，取得參觀者對於正向與負向情緒的內涵與定義；或加入更多研究變項分析解參觀者的狀態；或是將其他同質場域參觀者的看法共同納入討論。[[abstract]]The 921 Earthquake Museum of Taiwan is a dark tourism attraction with exhibition and education functions in Taiwan. The main purpose of the study is to discuss how visitors' positive and negative emotions affect their risk perception of earthquake disaster, the desire for disaster prevention, and behavioral intention of disaster prevention. The study conducted a quantitative research approach, and collected data from visitors. There were 485 samples and 474 valid (effective rate: 97.73%). After statistical analysis, there were two conclusions: First, both positive and negative emotions affect individuals' risk perception, which in turn affects desire and behavioral intentions. Second, the influence of positive emotions is higher than negative emotions. The study suggested that the museum can increase the education and development of post-disaster, and strengthen the guidance of positive emotions. In addition, the study also suggested that future researchers can conduct a qualitative research approach to obtain visitors' connotation and definition of positive and negative emotions, or add more relevant variables in order to have better understanding of visitors, or take other similar dark tourism attraction into account together
Anti-Fatigue and exercise performance improvement effect of Glossogyne tenuifolia extract in mice
No full text[[abstract]]Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) is a native perennial plant growing across the coastline areas in Taiwan. The current study aimed to examine the efficacy of GT extract in ameliorating physical fatigue during exercise and increasing exercise performance. Fifty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly segregated into five groups (n = 10) to GT extract orally for 4 weeks, at different concentrations (50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW/day): LGT 1X, MGT 2X, HGT 5X, and HGT 10X groups. Forelimb grip strength, endurance swimming time, serum biochemical marker levels, blood lipid profile and histological analysis of various organs were performed to assess the anti-fatigue effect and exercise performance of GT extract. The forelimb-grips strength and endurance-swimming time of GT-administered mice were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control. Serum glucose, creatine kinase, and lactate levels were increased significantly in the HGT 10X group. Liver marker serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) was increased in the HGT 5X and HGT 10X groups, whereas Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) was not altered. Renal markers, creatinine and uric acid levels, were not altered. Muscle and hepatic glycogen levels, which are essential for energy sources during exercise, were also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in all GT extract groups. No visible histological aberrations were observed in the vital organs after GT extract administration. The supplementation with GT extract could have beneficial effects on exercise performance and anti-fatigue function without toxicity at a higher dose
Activation of peripheral TRPM8 mitigates ischemic stroke by topically applied menthol
No full text[[abstract]]Background
No reports exist as to neuroprotective effects associated with topical activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a noted cold receptor. In the present study, we identified whether activating peripheral TRPM8 can be an adjuvant therapy for ischemic stroke.
Methods
Menthol, an agonist of TRPM8, was applied orally or topically to all paws or back of the mouse after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We used Trpm8 gene knockout (Trpm8?/?) mice or TRPM8 antagonist and lidocaine to validate the roles of TRPM8 and peripheral nerve conduction in menthol against ischemic stroke.
Results
Application of menthol 16% to paw derma attenuated infarct volumes and ameliorated sensorimotor deficits in stroke mice induced by MCAO. The benefits of topically applied menthol were associated with reductions in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and infiltration of monocytes and macrophages in ischemic brains. Antagonizing TRPM8 or Trpm8 knockout dulls the neuroprotective effects of topically application of menthol against MCAO. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed significantly higher TRPM8 expression in skin tissue samples obtained from the paws compared with skin from the backs, which was reflected by significantly smaller infarct lesion volumes and better sensorimotor function in mice treated with menthol on the paws compared with the back. Blocking conduction of peripheral nerve in the four paws reversed the neuroprotective effects of topical menthol administrated to paws. On the other hand, oral menthol dosing did not assist with recovery from MCAO in our study.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that activation of peripheral TRPM8 expressed in the derma tissue of limbs with sufficient concentration of menthol is beneficial to stroke recovery. Topical application of menthol on hands and feet could be a novel and simple-to-use therapeutic strategy for stroke patients