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[[alternative]]The association between hypertension and cognitive function: A retrospective study
No full text[[abstract]]研究背景：近年研究強調針對失智症的早期偵測，研究認為主觀認知缺損（subjective cognitive decline, SCD）階段為失智症的前臨床期，特徵為自覺本身認知功能下降，但客觀測驗正常，而輕度認知缺損（mild cognitive impairment, MCI）階段為失智症的前驅期，患者在此階段的特徵為客觀測驗缺損，但日常生活功能保留，兩者未來都可能經歷認知衰退至失智症，認知衰退可能因生理疾患而導致，如：高血壓，高血壓會藉由不同方式影響認知衰退，目前較少研究直接探討在SCD與MCI階段中高血壓扮演的角色，因此本研究欲探討認知衰退時，高血壓在其中造成的影響。研究方法：本研究回溯納入具有神經心理學衡鑑資料的門診樣本，透過Mann-Whitney U檢定、卡方檢定分別檢驗有無高血壓和有無認知退化兩組之間關係，利用Cox 比例風險模型（cox proportional hazard model）探討高血壓對認知衰退影響，利用迴歸分析排除人口學變項以及其他生理疾病以探討高血壓對於不同認知領域與整體認知衰退的影響。研究結果：本研究共納入208位參與者，平均年齡62.82歲，約40%的個體患有高血壓，其中有超過90%患者接受抗高血壓藥物治療。在SCD個體中年齡、教育程度、及具高膽固醇血症為認知衰退的保護因子；在MCI個體中具心血管疾病為認知衰退的保護因子。在控制人口學變項與其他生理疾病後，具高血壓的SCD個體與較佳的執行功能有關；具高血壓的MCI個體與較差的視覺立即記憶以及較佳的語意流暢度有關。結論：本研究發現高血壓可能透過其他生理機轉影響具有SCD或MCI個體的認知衰退，針對高血壓的調控可能有助於語意流暢度的保留，在MCI個體中，視覺立即記憶下降可能為高血壓主要對於認知功能的影響。[[abstract]]Background: Recent research has emphasized the early detection of dementia, suggesting that the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) stage is the pre-clinical stage of dementia, characterized by self-report cognitive decline but normal objectively cognitive performance. A prodromal stage of dementia,mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, has also been proposed to facilitate the detection. Physiological conditions such as hypertension may lead to cognitive decline.Hypertension may affect the relationship between neurodegeneration and cognitive deterioration. However, few studies directly examined the role of hypertension in the SCD and MCI stages. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, I included individuals who visited the Neurology Department at a medical center where neuropsychological assessment data were available. The association between the occurrence of hypertension and the cognitive decline was evaluated by applying Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. I explored the impact of hypertension on cognitive decline using Cox proportional hazard models. I performed regression analyses to discern the effects of hypertension on cognitive domains and general cognitive decline. Results: This study recruited 208 participants (mean age: 62.82 years). Approximately 40% of these participants had hypertension, and more than 90% received anti-hypertensives. The results revealed that age, education level, and having hypercholesterolemia were protective factors against cognitive decline among individuals with SCD. Having cardiovascular disease was a protective factor for cognitive decline among individuals with MCI. Having hypertension among SCD individuals was associated with higher executive functioning than that among SCD individuals without hypertension. Among MCI individuals, hypertension was associated with a decreased visual immediate memory but an enhanced verbal fluency. Conclusion: Hypertension could influence cognitive decline in individuals diagnosed with SCD or MCI via other physiological pathways. Treating hypertension might preserve verbal fluency. Among individuals with MCI, a marked decrease in visual immediate memory could be regarded as the primary cognitive consequence of hypertension
[[alternative]]The Influence of Language on the Explicit Personality of Believers in Religion: A Comparison between Christianity and Buddhism
No full text[[abstract]]該研究的目的是要探討宗教如何藉由語言影響信徒的外顯性格，以基督教和佛教為例並進行比較。從兩教的教義、歌詞和祈禱文等文本進行分析。結果是在不同宗教的用語渲染下，其信徒在不同的人格特質中將產生程度不一的變化，在分析之後得出以下結論：(a)與基督教相關的用語較重視與神的關係和互動，與佛教相關的用語則是強調事在人為的因果關係，以及(b)在大五人格特質和HEXACO中的誠實-謙遜中，基督徒和佛教徒會因為接收到不同的宗教理念而產生不同人格特質上的轉變。這個結論可以知曉語言在作為傳達宗教概念的橋樑的重要性以及信徒接收理解後在人格特質上產生的變化。研究結果可以使人更重視語言在宗教中的力量，以及了解宗教透過語言會對人產生什麼性格方面的影響。[[abstract]]The purpose of the study is to explore how religion influences the explicit personality of believers through language, using Christianity and Buddhism as examples for comparison. The analysis is made from texts such as doctrines, lyrics, and prayers of the two religions. The result is that there is a degree of variation in different personality traits depending on different religions. After analysis, it is concluded that (a) the terms associated with Christianity emphasize the relationship and interaction with God, while the terms associated with Buddhism emphasize the human conception of causality, and (b) in the Big Five personality traits and HEXACO's honesty-humility, Christians and Buddhists will have different personality traits due to the acceptance of different religious ideas. This conclusion can shed light on the importance of language as a bridge to convey religious concepts and the changes in personality traits that followers undergo and how they perceive these. The results can lead to a greater appreciation of the power of language in religion and help us understand the influence of religion on people's personalities through language
[[alternative]]The prebiotic effects on microorganisms growth by different lights irradiated Pleurotus spp. mushroom polysaccharides via microcalorimetry
No full text[[abstract]]食用菇類是日常飲食中不可缺少的成分，因為它們具有豐富的營養和對身體健康有益的特性。多醣是杏鮑菇和金頂側耳中最重要的活性成分之一，具有多種促進健康的功能。本研究選用植物乳桿菌（L. plantarum）和馬克斯克魯維酵母菌（K. marxianus）的益生菌菌株進行培養，以探討杏鮑菇多醣（PEP）和金頂側耳多醣（PCP）對其生長曲線的影響。除此以外，為了解不同光源照射下的菇類多醣對植物乳桿菌和馬克斯克魯維酵母菌生長的影響，我們把PEP照光（伽馬射線、脈衝光、發光二極體和冷陰極螢光燈照射），另外也把PCP照光（伽馬和脈衝光照射）。PEP和PCP的熱特性是通過微差掃描量熱卡儀（DSC）來測定。 研究結果顯示，與未受光源照射的多醣相比，一半以上被光照射的菇類多醣的起始溫度都輕微下降。在水分脫附過程中，當升溫速率為10 °C/min時，被伽馬射線照射的PEP的起始溫度都降低了。當中3-10、5-19 和9-30 kGy的起始溫度分別為 127.70、128.97和129.48 °C。而未經光源照射的PEP的起始溫度為 130.35 °C。相信被光源照射的菇類多醣結構被略為改變。光源照射可能導致多醣的結構變得較為鬆散，光線可能破壞了它們的分子結構。然而，在這項研究中觀察到的變化並不顯著。在等溫量熱卡儀（TAM Air）實驗中，未經光源照射和有受光源照射的菇類多醣都適合成為植物乳桿菌培養基中的碳源，所有植物乳桿菌的生長曲線皆令人滿意，由此可見植物乳桿菌可以消耗由PEP和PCP所提供的能量。另外，從結果可以觀察到，在混合含有菇類多醣和葡萄糖的培養基中，植物乳桿菌的生長曲線最佳。有趣的是，在對照組中植物乳桿菌的生長曲線，含有1%葡萄糖的培養基反而比含有2%葡萄糖的培養基表現更為理想，這表示過高的糖份濃度可能會阻礙植物乳桿菌的生長。此外，植物乳桿菌在僅含有菇類多醣的培養基中生長速度相對較低。分析中顯示PEP和PCP都不適合成為K. marxianus培養基中的碳源。 添加菇類多醣的培養基並沒有改善K. marxianus的生長結果。總結上述，PEP和PCP均適合部分或全部替代植物乳桿菌培養基中的碳源。另外，PEP和PCP不適合替代K. marxianus培養基中的碳源。 由此可見K. marxianus對碳源的選擇較為敏感，培養基中葡萄糖的濃度亦會直接影響K. marxianus的生長。[[abstract]]Edible mushrooms are an essential ingredient of our daily diet since their abundant nutrition and valuable properties for body health. Polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii (PEP) and Pleurotus citrinopileatus (PCP), one of most important bioactive components in mushrooms, it possesses various health-promoting functions. In this study, the probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and Kluyeromyces marxianus (K. marxianus) were selected for cultivation and its effect on the growth and proliferation of PEP and PCP polysaccharide were examined. To understand the effects of different light sources irradiated mushroom polysaccharides for L. plantarum and K. marxianus’ growth. PEP was either unirradiated or light irradiated (gamma rays, pulse lights, LEDs and CCFL) and PCP was also either unirradiated or light irradiated (gamma and pulse lights). The thermal characteristics of the PEP and PCP were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The findings indicated that more than a half onset temperature of light irradiated mushroom polysaccharides was decreased compared with the unirradiated polysaccharides. For the moisture desorption process and the scanning rate was 10 °C/min, the onset temperature for gamma irradiated PEP was decreased compared with the unirradiated sample. The onset temperatures for were 127.70, 128.97 and 129.48 °C for 3-10, 5-19 and 9-30 kGy, respectively. However, the onset temperature for the unirradiated PEP was 130.35 °C. The structure of the light irradiated mushroom polysaccharides was slightly changed compared with the unirradiated mushroom polysaccharides. It is believed that light irradiation may cause the structure of polysaccharides to become less compact and potentially damage their molecular construction. However, in this study, the observed changes were not significant and pronounced. In the TAM Air experiment, both unirradiated and light-irradiated mushroom polysaccharides proved to be suitable carbon sources in the media for L. plantarum. The growth curves for all conditions were satisfactory, indicating that L. plantarum can utilize energy from both PEP and PCP. The best performance was observed in the medium containing a mixture of mushroom polysaccharides and glucose. Interestingly, in the control group, the media containing 1% glucose outperformed those with 2% glucose, suggesting that excessively high sugar concentrations may hinder the growth of L. plantarum. Moreover, the growth rate of L. plantarum was relatively low in the medium containing only mushroom polysaccharides. Moreover, it was observed that neither PEP nor PCP served as suitable carbon sources for the growth of K. marxianus. The addition of mushroom polysaccharides did not improve the results in the medium for K. marxianus. Overall, PEP and PCP are suitable to replace the carbon sources partially or completely in the medium of L. plantarum. Besides, PEP and PCP are not suitable to replace the carbon sources in the medium for K. marxianu. It is proved that K. marxianus is more sensitive for the carbon source selection, and the concentration of glucose in the medium may affect K. marxianus growth directly
[[alternative]]The Impact of Bank Board Diversification on Earnings Management
No full text[[abstract]]本研究探討本國銀行董事會多元化對盈餘管理的影響，使用2008到2022年的資料，利用縱橫追蹤年資料迴歸分析進行檢定。主要自變數是銀行董事會多元化綜合指標，其納入董事的性別、年資、學歷、專業性及職業別的多元性，以裁決性備抵呆帳和買賣票券損益來衡量銀行盈餘管理，作為迴歸分析應變數。 實證結果指出銀行董事會多元化綜合指標對裁決性備抵呆帳有正向影響，但對買賣票券損益則有負向影響，表示此二盈餘管理方法具有替代性，因此整體而言，銀行董事會越多元化，越會利用裁決性備抵呆帳進行盈餘管理，而多元化成分的檢測發現其中董事教育背景多元化的影響與此相近。另外發現女性董事比例較高可抑制利用備抵呆帳提列來操縱盈餘，並會督促經理人立即實現買賣票券的損益，避免選擇時機進行盈餘操縱。最後，董事專業與職業多元化及董事年資多元化單獨都不會影響盈餘管理。本研究結果與現有文獻的發現一致，指出董事會性別多元化對經理人較有監督效果。穩健性檢查結果指出不同的控制變數定義，以及董事會多元化部分成分觀測值的增加，實證結果均沒有改變，本研究結果具有穩健性。因此，近年來各界建議增加女性擔任董事的做法具有理論基礎與實證結果的支持。[[abstract]]This study explores the impact of board diversification for domestic bank on earnings management, using yearly panel data from 2008 to 2022 and regression analyses to test hypotheses in this study. The main independent variable is the comprehensive indicator of bank board diversification, which incorporates the diversity of directors’ gender, tenure, education, professionalism, and occupation. The bank’s earnings management as a regression dependent variable is measured by discretionary allowance for loan losses as well as the gains and losses from trading securities. The empirical study’s results point out that the comprehensive indicator of bank board diversification has a positive impact on the discretionary allowance for loan losses, but has a negative impact on the gains and loss of trading securities, indicating that these two earnings management methods are substitutes. Therefore, on the whole, the more diversified of the bank board, the more the use of discretionary allowance for loan losses for earnings management, and the examining of the diversity component of the board find that the impact of directors' educational background diversity is similar to this result. In addition, it also finds that a higher proportion of female directors can inhibit the use of allowances for loan losses to manipulate earnings, and will urge managers to realize the gains from trading securities immediately, so as to avoid choosing the right time for earnings manipulation. Finally, directors' professional, occupational and tenure diversity will not alone affect earnings management. The results of this study are consistent with the findings of the existing literature, pointing out that gender diversity in the board of directors has a better supervisory effect on managers. The results of the robustness check point out that different definition of control variables and the increase in the observations of the diversity component of the board of directors have not changed the empirical results, and thus the results are robust. Therefore, in recent years, suggestions from industry, government and academia to increase the number of women as directors are supported by theoretical basis and empirical results
[[alternative]]On the Legal Establishment of the Disposal of A Jointly Owned Real Estate By the Public Auction System
No full text[[abstract]]本人多年不動產實務經驗，充分體會共有糾紛處理不易，要同時解決公平性、倡導自由性、提昇價值性、促進選擇多樣性，從複雜到單純，有效率處理共有關係，才能地盡其利。本論文研究目的，在省卻法院訴訟成本，便宜強制執行作業，以符合市場的土地價格，兼顧法經濟學成本效益與法社會學公平正義觀點，為共有不動產多數決處分人與少數人間的糾紛，另尋新解方。 本論文以文獻分析與批判、社會建構實證調查、參與觀察等方法綜合研究之，其體系架構：從現行共有風險類型識別、不動產多數決處分制度、多數決土地處分法制修正草案之檢討，到大膽嘗試建構公開拍賣制度創新模式，提出具體可行的七大步驟構想：1.案前地政先行審查；2.容有疑義逕送法院裁定；3.可自選舊制或新制；4.民間人士專業輔助；5.機關掌握通知與回函；6.公開拍賣程序簡易；7.銀行參與抵押保付撥款。 藉由建構公開拍賣制度供當事人選擇，公私協力，落實私法自治、契約自由，政府公權力他律與市場機制自律保持動態平衡，提出修法增列法律條文及授權明確之法規命令配套，完善共有不動產處分制度。兼顧共有人之權益範圍內，便利不動產所有權之交易，解決共有不動產之糾紛，促進共有物之有效利用，增進整體社會公共利益。[[abstract]]I have many years of real estate practice experience. Fully understand and experienced the difficulty in handling shared dispute. To solve the fairness at the same time. Advocated the freedom, enhanced the valued, promoted the diversity of choices. From complex to simple, processing the shared relationship efficiently. To be able to turn the land resources to the best account. The research purpose of this paper is to dispense with the litigation costs of the court, to obliged the enforcement procedure in convenient. To be able to get qualified land price from the market place. Strike a balance between the cost-effectiveness of economic analysis of law and the fairness and justice point of view in sociology of law. Finding a new solution for the disposal of a jointly owned by real estate and the dissension in the minority. This thesis is a summed-up research of literature review, social construction and participate in observation. The framework of this research: from the current risk identification, the system of the majority of real estate. Reviewed the draft amendment in the legal system of the land disposition. Try boldly building the innovation model at the public auction system, To bring forward the ideas of feasible solutions in seven steps: 1.The Land Administration Agency will review the case before it starts. 2.Send it to the court for ruling if there’s any doubts. 3.The old and new system is optional. 4.Assisted by nongovernmental professionals. 5.The agency predominate the notification and reply. 6.Simplified the public auction procedure. 7.The bank participated in mortgage asset-backed guarantees.To construct the public auction system by letting the parties to choose. The public-private partnerships. To carry out the self-rule of private law. Freedom of the contract. The government’s public power is maintaining the market heteronomy of the mechanism and autonomy to keep the dynamic equilibrium. To raise a suggestion amending the clause of the land act and the clear authorization that matching the regulations. On the legal establishment of the disposal of the jointly owned real estate. Taking into account the range and interests of the co-owner, to facilitate transactions of real estate ownership, solving the common entanglement of the shared real estate. To promote the efficient used of the common property, and enhanced the public interest of the whole society
[[alternative]]Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes and Efficiencies of HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound), Da Vinci Robotic Surgery and Laparoscopic Surgery for Uterine Fibroids:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full text[[abstract]]背景：比較使用高強度聚焦超音波（HIFU）、達文西機械手臂手術和腹腔鏡手術等先進的手術方式，用於治療子宮肌瘤患者的臨床結果和治療效果。方法：參考Science Direct、Cochrane library、Medscape、Willey Online Library、PubMed 和 Taylor Francis等資料庫中從 1995 至 2021 年的 400 篇論文，從這些研究中有 29 篇文章被定性地納入我們的系統回顧，其中 24 篇被認為在定量上符合條件而被納入綜合分析。通過將加權均數差 (WMD) 與 95% 信賴區間 (CI) 合併進行分析的研究，以均值 ± (SD) 的形式提供，合併風險比 (RR) 表示為二分變量。使用隨機效應或固定效應模型評估匯總結果。使用 I2 統計量評估異質性。 結果：HIFU 和達文西手術的比較，手術時間為 86.13 ± 36.37 分鐘至 120.2 ± 63 分鐘和 166 ± 48.5 分鐘至 278 ± 67 分鐘，差異顯著更高 (I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001)，(WMD –111.88 [–189.68, –34.08]) 具有統計學意義 (p = 0.005)。HIFU 和腹腔鏡手術的比較，在手術時間為 86.13 ± 36.37 分鐘至 120.2 ± 63 分鐘和 79 ± 30 分鐘至 106.4 ± 38.5 分鐘的比較無統計學意義 (p = 0.75) 具有較高的顯著差異異質性 (I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001), (5.51 [–27.82, 38.83])。腹腔鏡手術中失血量和肌瘤大小之相關性，分別為 154 ± 75 mL 至 278 ± 164.6 mL 和 6.5 ± 2.9 cm 至 13.6 ± 3.1 cm ，具有顯著差異 (I2 = 91%, p < 0.0007), (WMD 202.29 [87.77, 316.80]) 具有統計學意義 (p = 0.0005)。腹腔鏡手術的住院時間和失血量之相關性，在 1.2 ± 0.9 天至 5.4 ± 0.2 天和 200 ± 107 mL 至 278 ± 164.6 mL 之間顯示出顯著差異 (I2 = 90%, p < 0.0001), (WMD –269.71 [–361.33 , –178.09]) 具有統計學意義 (p < 0.00001)，而在達文西手術中則不顯著。追蹤病患3個月的症狀與健康相關生活質量問卷，肌瘤組為 45.3±26.9 至 70.6±26.9，子宮腺肌症組為 61.6±41.4 至 79.64±17.91，兩者差異顯著（I2 = 83%，p = 0.02), (WMD 14.08 [4.42, 23.75]) 具有統計顯著性 (p = 0.0004) 和 (I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001), (WMD –15.95 [–28.06, –3.84]) 具有 (p = 0.010 ). SSS追蹤 3 個月 27.2±15.7 至 36.6±7.9 的 HIFU 肌瘤，異質性檢驗顯示顯著差異 (I2 = 95%, p < 0.00001)，(WMD 16.22 [8.33, 24.11]) 具有統計學意義 (p < 0.0001) ). 在妊娠結局方面，HIFU 和腹腔鏡手術活產分娩結局 4 (8) 165 (219) 和 (7) 23 158 (224) 之間，異質性不顯著 (I2 = 0%, p = 0.44 ), (RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.17]) 與分娩風險都不顯著 (p = 0.20)。結論：HIFU治療顯示出比機器人或腹腔鏡手術更有效的臨床和治療結果，包括改善症狀、無出血、更短的手術時間、更短的恢復時間以及短期和長期生活質量的優勢[[abstract]]Background: To compare the clinical outcomes and treatment efficiencies of advanced surgical treatments including High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery in the uterine fibroid patients. Method: A total of 400 studies from 1995 to 2021 were identified by screening from Science Direct, Cochrane library, Medscape, Willey Online Library, PubMed, and Taylor Francis. From these studies 29 articles were qualitatively included in our systematic review and 24 of them considered quantitively eligible were included in the meta-analysis. Study analyzed by pooling the weighed mean difference (WMD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were study provided as a mean ± (SD) and pooled risk ratio (RR) was expressed for dichotomous variables. Pooled results were assessed with either a random-effect or fixed-effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Result: Comparison of HIFU and robotic surgeries with operation times of 86.13 ± 36.37 minutes to 120.2 ± 63 minutes and 166 ± 48.5 minutes to 278 ± 67 minutes were higher significant differences (I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001), (WMD –111.88 [–189.68, –34.08]) with statistically significant (p = 0.005). Comparison of HIFU and laparoscopic surgery in operation time of 86.13 ± 36.37 minutes to 120.2 ± 63 minutes and 79 ± 30 minutes to 106.4 ± 38.5 minutes were not statistically significant (p = 0.75) with higher significant differences heterogeneity (I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001), (5.51 [–27.82, 38.83]). Comparison of between blood losses and fibroid sizes at 154 ± 75 mL to 278 ± 164.6 mL and 6.5 ± 2.9 cm to 13.6 ± 3.1 cm respectively in laparoscopic surgery was higher significant differences (I2 = 91%, p < 0.0007), (WMD 202.29 [87.77, 316.80]) with statistically significant (p = 0.0005). Between hospital stay and blood loss in laparoscopic surgery at 1.2 ± 0.9 days to 5.4 ± 0.2 days and 200 ± 107 mL to 278 ± 164.6 mL showed significant differences (I2 = 90%, p < 0.0001), (WMD –269.71 [–361.33, –178.09]) with statistically significant (p < 0.00001) while in robotic surgery was not significant. The follow up uterine fibroids symptom & health-related quality of life questionnaire at 3 months 45.3 ±26.9 to 70.6 ±26.9 in fibroids group and 61.6 ±41.4 to 79.64 ± 17.91 in adenomyosis group and both shows significantly different (I2 = 83%, p = 0.02), (WMD 14.08 [4.42, 23.75]) with statistically significant (p = 0.0004) and (I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001), (WMD –15.95 [–28.06, –3.84]) with (p = 0.010). SSS follow up 3 months 27.2 ± 15.7 to 36.6 ± 7.9 in fibroids of HIFU, the heterogeneity test showed significant differences (I2 = 95%, p < 0.00001), (WMD 16.22 [8.33, 24.11]) with statistically significant (p < 0.0001). In terms of pregnancy outcome, delivery outcome in live birth between HIFU and laparoscopic surgery 4 (8) within 165 (219) and (7) 23 within 158 (224), the heterogeneity was not significant (I2 = 0%, p = 0.44), (RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.17]) neither with for risk of delivering was not significant (p = 0.20). Conclusions: HIFU treatment reveals more efficient clinical and treatment outcomes than robotic or laparoscopic surgery, including improved symptoms, absence of bleeding, shorter operative time, shorter recovery time, and good benefits in both short-term and long-term quality-of-life
[[alternative]]The Impact of Pickleball Exerise to Individuals with Mental Illness on the Quality of Life and Mental Health
No full text[[abstract]]背景：精神疾病為本世紀全世界所面臨的最嚴重威脅之一。重視精神疾病患者的心理健康相當重要，改善精神疾病患者的生活品質亦尤為重要。無論是精神疾病患者或是一般人，定期進行運動可促進健康、延緩疾病惡化，維持整體生活品質。而匹克球適合任何年齡層參與，在雙打競爭下，更改善其功能狀況和生活品質，然而目前對於精神疾病患者參與匹克球運動之生活品質與心理健康尚待研究回答。研究目的：目的一：探討精神疾病患者之生活品質與心理健康現況。目的二：探討精神疾病患者在匹克球運動介入前後生活品質與心理健康之差異。研究方法：本研究設計為單組前後測設計，招募27位維新醫療社團法人附設臺中建國康復之家及附設社區復健中心參與匹克球團體活動課程之身心障礙患者作為研究對象。在開始介入前一週，進行個案的前測，評估內容有包含生活品質量表，心理健康量表。前測評估完後即會在一週內開始進行介入，參與者接受匹克球運動課程，課程共12週，每週2次，每次60分鐘。參與者在運動介入結束後一天內進行後測評估，評估內容與前測內容一樣，再於介入後一個月進行追蹤測驗。結果： 研究共招募27位精神疾病患者（男性15位、女性12位）。分析結果指出，在12週介入後生活品質與心理健康並無明顯變化。但經過一個月後追蹤測驗發現參與者在「生理健康」、「環境互動」生活品質比未接受匹克球運動課程前（前測）有顯著提升 (p<0.05) 。結論：總結來說，精神疾病患者之生活品質與心理健康並不佳。但在接受匹克球運動課程介入後，在「生理健康」、「環境互動」生活品質有顯著提升。建議後續研究者可以進行持續研究，探討持續涉入匹克球運動課程是否能改善精神疾病患者心理健康。[[abstract]]Background: Mental illness remains one of the most significant threats faced by the world in this century. Prioritizing the mental health of individuals with mental illness is crucial, and improving their quality of life is of paramount importance. Regular exercise benefits both individuals with mental illness and the general population, promoting overall health, delaying disease progression, and maintaining a higher quality of life. Pickleball, a sport suitable for individuals of all ages, has shown to improve functional status and quality of life through doubles competition. However, research regarding the impact of pickleball involvement on the quality of life and mental health of individuals with mental illness is still limited.Objectives:Objective 1: To explore the current quality of life and mental health status of individuals with mental illness.Objective 2: To investigate the differences in quality of life and mental health before and after pickleball involvement among individuals with mental illness.Methods: The study utilized a single-group pre-post test design, recruiting 27 individuals with physical and mental disabilities from the Jianguo Rehabilitation Home and affiliated Community Rehabilitation Center in Taizhong, Taiwan, as participants in a pickleball group activity program. One week before the intervention, a pre-test was conducted, which included assessments using standardized scales for quality of life and mental health. Within one week of the pre-test, the intervention began, with participants engaging in a 12-week pickleball program consisting of two sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes. Within one day after completing the intervention, a post-test assessment was conducted, using the same measures as the pre-test. A follow-up assessment was conducted one month after the intervention.Results: A total of 27 individuals with mental illness participated in the study (15 males, 12 females). The analysis showed no significant changes in quality of life and mental health after the 12-week intervention. However, the follow-up assessment conducted after one month revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the domains of "physical health" and "environmental interaction" of quality of life compared to the pre-intervention measures.Conclusion: In summary, the quality of life and mental health of individuals with mental illness were found to be suboptimal. However, participation in a pickleball program led to a significant improvement in the domains of "physical health" and "environmental interaction" of quality of life. Further research is recommended to investigate the long-term effects of continuous engagement in pickleball programs on the mental health of individuals with mental illness
[[alternative]]Exploring the Psychological Impact of Virtual Reality in Tourism on Residents in Long-Term Care Institutions: Presence and Flow Theory
No full text[[abstract]]旅遊可以使人們增加正向情緒與幸福感並減少憂鬱感。然而，對居住在長照機構的住民而言，要外出旅遊是有困難的。本研究將虛擬實境帶入長照機構，以臨場感與心流理論觀點，欲得知長照機構住民在體驗旅遊虛擬實境的過程與影響。自四家長照機構進行收案，讓住民使用虛擬實境觀看旅遊影片並填寫問卷，問卷包含基本資料、臨場感、心流理論、幸福感、憂鬱感等構面。收案數共有125人，平均機構住宿時間為1.8年。研究結果顯示，沉浸於旅遊虛擬實境的住民確實會感受到臨場感，並引導產生心流狀態，當臨場感越高心流狀態越佳。而達到心流狀態後帶來的幸福感對於憂鬱感有顯著差異，表示以虛擬實境方式旅遊也能改善住民的心理健康。透過虛擬實境能打破傳統的照顧方式，讓住民可體驗到更豐富且多樣化的旅遊，感受旅遊帶來的愉悅與幸福。驗證虛擬實境可作為長照機構住民促進心理健康的有效方式，具有實務應用的參考價值。[[abstract]]Tourism can contribute to an increase in positive emotions and overall happiness levels, while also mitigating feelings of melancholy. However, for residents living in long-term care facilities, it can be challenging to go on trips. The purpose of this study is to incorporate virtual reality into long-term care institutions, examining the process and impact of elderly residents experiencing virtual reality travel from the perspectives of presence and flow theory. Residents from four long-term care facilities were recruited for participation, where they were provided with virtual reality experiences of watching travel videos and complete a questionnaire. The survey included sections covering demographic information, presence, Flow, happiness, and depression. A total of 125 individuals were recruited for this study, with an average institutional stay duration of 1.8 years. The results of the research demonstrate that residents who engaged in virtual reality travel experiences did experience a sense of presence and were directed towards a state of flow. The higher the sense of presence, the better the state of flow. Achieving a state of flow significantly influences the difference in feelings of happiness and depression. Indicating that virtual reality travel can also improve the psychological well-being of residents. Virtual reality offers a means to break away from conventional caregiving approaches, enabling residents to embark on richer and more diverse travel experiences, and to feel the joy and happiness that travel brings. The verification of virtual reality as a viable means to enhance the mental health of residents in long-term care facilities carries practical significance and offers valuable insights for practical implementation
[[alternative]]The Effects of Corporate Governance on Firm’s Performance with Sustainability Disclosure and Intellectual Capital as The Mediators
No full text[[abstract]]在當前瞬息萬變的商業環境中，優先考慮實施永續發展策略和揭露永續報告的公司，如果能夠結合有力的智慧資本管理以及妥善的公司治理，往往可以在挑戰中茁壯成長並展現出極高的適應力。本研究旨在探討公司治理與企業表現之間的關係，並將永續揭露和智力資本效率視為中介變數。透過定量研究方法，本研究分析2017年至2021年間20家企業的五年數據，總計100個觀察樣本，並以偏最小平方法結構方程模型(PLS-SEM)來驗證和確定假設。研究結果顯示，公司治理對企業表現有顯著的正向影響，而公司治理對智力資本亦有顯著正向影響。此外，研究發現智力資本同樣影響企業的績效，因此智力資本可以作為公司治理影響企業績效的調節變數。然而，這個模型的解釋能力仍有待提升，因此未來的研究需要加入更多中介變數、指標或進行更廣泛的觀察以深化研究。本研究研究強調在商業活動中公司治理和智力資本管理的重要性，並凸顯出公司如何在面對如COVID-19等危機或是面臨挑戰時的重要策略。[[abstract]]Firms that prioritize sustainability practices and reporting, combined with strong intellectual capital management and supported by effective corporate governance, can thrive and demonstrate resilience in today's disruptive business environment. This research aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and firm’s performance while mediated by sustainability disclosure and intellectual capital efficiency. Quantitative method is utilized in this study. 20 companies are taken as samples with data observation for 5 years, from 2017 to 2021, therefore, 100 samples are taken to analyze. PLS-SEM is utilized to analyze the relationship and determine the hypothesis acceptance. The study finds that corporate governance positively influenced the firm’s performance. Moreover, the findings indicate that corporate governance positively influence the intellectual capital. Furthermore, the findings indicate that intellectual capital influence the firm’s performance. Therefore, the study confirms that intellectual capital mediates the corporate governance’s influence over firm’s performance. The model indicates limited explanation power, thus, future studies should implement additional mediation, variables, indicators, or even more observations. This research highlights the importance of effective corporate governance and intellectual capital management within business activities. The findings also highlight how companies did respond to the crisis such as COVID-19
[[alternative]]Corporate Sustainability Transition in Indonesia Banking Industry: The Economic environment Transition Drives the Techno environment Transition
No full text[[abstract]]本研究有助於開發一套有效的企業可持續發展轉型，並在定性信息中發現擬議屬性之間的因果關係。印度尼西亞的企業可持續發展轉型是一個複雜且長期的過程，涉及多個維度、制度和多重互動。先前的研究已經解決了在實現企業可持續發展轉型過程中缺乏整合經濟環境和技術經濟轉型的社會技術轉型。本研究應用模糊集理論和決策試驗與評估實驗室來處理語言偏好和屬性之間的相互關係。結果表明，經濟-環境轉型、技術-經濟轉型和社會-技術轉型是促進轉型的原因。改進轉型實踐的最突出標準包括管理的基本原則、技術和基礎設施、系統級別、技術偏好和商業模式創新系統。[[abstract]]This study enriches corporate sustainability transition literature by proposing a valid set of attributes and building up the causal interrelationship of coordinated triple bottom line. Prior studies have mainly addressed how corporates shift from conventional to sustainable practices from the socio-technological viewpoint and given guidelines for practices. However, concerns on changes from the techno-economic and economic-environmental viewpoint are still lacking leading to a more complicated and long-lasting process towards sustainability. This study is aimed at providing a corporate sustainability transition model, presenting the interrelationships among the attributes, and identifying the criteria to improve the transition in practice. The fuzzy set theory and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory are used in this study to deal with linguistic preferences and attribute interrelationships. The findings reveal that the economic-environment transition, the techno-economic transition, and the socio-technology transition are the driving forces behind the transition. In practice, sustainability knowledge, technologies and infrastructure, levels of system, technology preferences, and business model innovation system are found to be the most influential criteria for improving transition