Södertörns högskolas Publications
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How do Boys Show Care in the School-age educare? : A qualitative study on gender norms and children's opportunities to express care in the school-age educare
No full textGender is a persistent structure within the school-age educare, where children constantly position themselves in relation to masculinity and femininity through their actions and interactions. When these norms limit children’s ability to express their identities, issues can arise. Deviating from expectations may result in reprimands, ridicule, or other negative reactions. Boys are often expected to adopt an emotionally restrained and “tough” role, which may overshadow traits like empathy and care, typically seen as feminine. This qualitative study investigates how boys express care in the school-age educare and how staff interpret care in practice. Empirical data was collected through observations and interviews with staff members. They show that boys mainly express care through physical closeness, while maintaining masculine positioning. Staff view care as social and emotional engagement, offering various examples from daily interactions. This study seeks to highlight how pupils relate to gender norms and to support the development of inclusive environments where all children can express empathy and build relationships, regardless of gender.Genus är en genomgående struktur i fritidshemmets verksamhet, där barn ständigt förhåller sig till föreställningar om maskulinitet och femininitet i sitt agerande och samspel. Problemet uppstår när normerna begränsar barns möjligheter att uttrycka sina identiteter fritt och nyanserat. Att avvika från dessa normer kan leda till tillsägelser, förlöjligande, ifrågasättanden eller andra negativa reaktioner. Pojkar förväntas ofta inta en “tuff” och känslomässigt återhållen roll, vilket riskerar att dölja egenskaper som empati och omsorg. Denna kvalitativa studie har undersökt hur pojkar uttrycker omsorg i fritidshemmet samt hur fritidshemspersonalen tolkar omsorg i sin praktik. Resultatet visar att pojkar uttrycker omsorg främst via närhet, ofta parallellt med ett behov av att samtidigt upprätthålla en maskulin positionering. Fritidspersonalen tolkar omsorg som det sociala och emotionella samt ger beskrivningar av hur barnen visar omsorg. Studien syftar till att synliggöra genusnormer och stödja utvecklingen av inkluderande miljöer där alla barn tillåts uttrycka omsorg, oavsett kön
Ledarskap och pedagogiskt ansvar i förskolan : En systematisk litteraturstudie
No full textDespite significant changes in the Swedish preschool curriculum in 2018, there remains a degree of uncertainty regarding the preschool teacher’s leadership role. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to explore how leadership in preschool settings influences and interacts with preschool teachers’ pedagogical responsibility. This literature review aims to answer the following research questions: 1. Which leadership factors are emphasized in the literature as central to strengthening preschool teachers’ pedagogical responsibility? 2. How are the different roles and positionings of preschool teachers, childcarer and principals within the work team discussed in relation to educational responsibility and leadership in current research? The purpose of this systematic literature review is to explore how leadership in preschool settings influences and interacts with preschool teachers’ pedagogical responsibility. The study is based on an analysis of 13 peer-reviewed articles focusing on leadership and responsibility within early childhood education. Four inclusion criteria were applied to narrow down the selection to relevant research. The collected material was analyzed using qualitative text analysis and coding, resulting in five key themes: 1pedagogical leadership as competence and professional development, equality within the preschool organization, leadership development as an ongoing learning process, collaboration and trust among staff, and the relationship between leadership and responsibility. The findings indicate that leadership plays a crucial role in shaping, interpreting, and developing pedagogical responsibility in preschool practice. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the relationship between leadership and pedagogical responsibility, as well as the challenges and opportunities within this interaction. The results highlight key patterns and relationships based on the identified themes, focusing on various aspects of pedagogical responsibility and leadership
A game for the Games : Factors Influencing Sweden´s Olympic Ambitions
No full textBakgrund: Sverige har ansökt om att få anordna Olympiska spelen (OS) 12 gånger. Två gånger har Sveriges Olympiska Kommitté (SOK) sökt om att få anordna sommar-OS och tio gånger vinter-OS. Trots alla dessa ansökningar har det renderat i endast ett svenskt olympiskt spel, sommar-OS i Stockholm år 1912. OS är ett av världens största evenemang och lockar mängder av deltagare och tittare. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka olika faktorer som kan påverka Sveriges möjlighet att få arrangera ett Olympiskt Spel. Studien undersöker också hur internationella relationer påverkat tidigare utfall. Frågeställningar: - Varför ansöker Sverige om att arrangera OS? - Vilka politiska, kulturella och organisatoriska faktorer har spelat roll för att få arrangera ett OS? - Hur har internationella relationer påverkat utfallet av Sveriges OS-ansökningar? Metod: Forskningsfrågorna har besvarats genom en kvalitativ metod där fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts. Dessa personer har varit en del av ansökningsprocesserna, antingen verksam inom SOK eller från en utomstående part. Utöver intervjuer har studien bestått av en innehållsanalys samt sekundärdata. Slutsatser: Studiens resultat visar att motiven för att ansöka om OS kombinerar tradition, stolthet och framtidstro. Den visar också att ett antal politiska, kulturella, organisatoriska och ekonomiska faktorer är avgörande för att lyckas med en OS-ansökan. Slutligen visar studien att Sverige har misslyckats med att bygga ett starkt internationellt nätverk och förtroende, vilket har påverkat deras ansökningar negativt.Background: Sweden has applied to host the Olympic Games 12 times. The Swedish Olympic Committee (SOC) has applied to host the Summer Olympics twice and the Winter Olympics ten times. Despite all these bids, Sweden has only hosted the Olympic Games once, the Summer Olympics in Stockholm in 1912. The Olympics is one of the world's largest events, attracting numerous participants and viewers. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate various factors that may influence Sweden's chances of hosting the Olympic Games. The study also examines how international relations have impacted previous outcomes. Research questions: - Why does Sweden apply to host the Olympic Games? - What political, cultural, and organizational factors have played a role in securing the bid to host the Olympics? - How have international relations influenced the outcomes of Sweden's Olympic bids? Methodology: The research questions have been answered through a qualitative method, where four semi-structured interviews were conducted. These individuals were part of the bidding processes, either working within the SOC or from an external part. In addition to the interviews, the study included a content analysis and secondary data. Conclusion: The study's results show that the motivations for applying for the Olympics combine tradition, pride, and optimism for the future. It also reveals that several political, cultural, organizational and economic factors are crucial for a successful Olympic bid. Finally, the study indicates that Sweden has failed to build a strong international network and trust, which has negatively affected their bid
Finns det en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan aktivt förvaltade aktiefonder och passiva indexfonder sett till riskjusterad avkastning? : En undersökning på den svenska aktiemarknaden
No full textThis thesis aims to investigate whether passive or active fund management provides the best risk-adjusted return in an upward market, a downward market, and over a ten-year period. The study was conducted on 7 actively managed equity funds and these were set in relation to a relevant market index. The equity funds were selected through a non-probability sample with the aim to have as great impact on the Swedes' private finances in general as possible. Through calculations of two different performance measures, as well as the implementation of t-tests, the study was finally able to establish that there is no major difference in performance between passive index funds and actively managed equity funds. The study contributes to previous research by focusing on the Swedish stock market, and by starting from a modern approach with modern research articles as a starting point. As many previous studies have focused on analyzing a specific longer historical period, this study adds an extra dimension to this, by also examining the outcome in an upward and a downward market. Den här uppsatsen ämnar till att undersöka huruvida passiv eller aktiv fondförvaltning ger bäst riskjusterad avkastning i en uppåtgående marknad, en nedåtgående marknad, samt över en tio-års period. Studien gjordes på 7 stycken aktivt förvaltade aktiefonder och dessa ställdes i förhållande till ett relevantmarknadsindex. Aktiefonderna valdes ut genom ett icke-sannolikhetsurval med målsättningen att de skulle ha en så stor påverkan på svenskarnas privatekonomi i allmänhet som möjligt. Genom beräkningar av två olika prestationsmått, samt genomförande av t-test, kunde studien i slutändan konstatera att det inte finns någon större skillnad i prestation mellan passiva indexfonder och aktivt förvaltade aktiefonder. Studien bidrar till tidigare forskning genom att fokusera på den svenska aktiemarknaden, samt genom att utgå ifrån en modern infallsvinkel med moderna forskningsartiklar som utgångspunkt. Då flertalet tidigare studier fokuserat på att analysera en bestämd längre historisk period ger denna studie en extra dimension till detta, genom att även undersöka utfallet i en uppåtgående och en nedåtgående marknad
Skrolla, Stanna, Shoppa : En kvantitativ studie om det korta videoformatets inverkan på Generation Z:s konsumtionsmönster
No full textThis study examines how short-form video-based marketing on TikTok influences purchase decisions among Generation Z, with a particular focus on impulse purchases. TikTok has quickly established itself as one of the most influential platforms among Generation Z, changing how this group consumes and is influenced by marketing. The platform’s short and entertaining videos create personalized experiences that can trigger impulse purchases. The purpose of the study is to identify which stimuli trigger impulse purchases among Generation Z on TikTok and analyze how these stimuli can influence each other. The study is based on the following two research questions: 1. Which stimuli in short-form video-based marketing have the greatest impact on Generation Z’s purchase decisions? 2. How do these stimuli influence each other? The theoretical framework consists of Fear of Missing Out, Need to Belong Theory, Social Comparison Theory, Stimulus-Organism-Response model, Social Proof Theory, Flow Theory and Impulse Buying Theory. The theoretical framework helps to explain why young consumers are particularly susceptible to this type of marketing. The study has a quantitative methodological approach and is based on a survey with a combined convenience and snowball sampling. A totalof 161 survey responses were collected from respondents in Stockholm, of which 25 were non-respondents. Data collection was carried out using a cross-sectional design. The survey collected information on TikTok usage, screen time, purchase categories and questions linked to the theoretical framework.T he results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. These analyses showed that Fear of Missing Out, Flow, Need to Belong as well as technology-related, product-related and social stimuli have a significant positive impact on impulse purchases among Generation Z. In contrast, Social Proof and Social Comparison did not show strong direct relationships, but may have an indirect reinforcing effect. In conclusion, this paper contributes knowledge about the mechanisms that can influence young people's consumption on TikTok and provides insights that may be relevant for both consumers and marketers.
Sambandet mellan Riksbankens räntebesked och OMXS30 : En kvantitativ eventstudie av marknadens respons vid penningpolitiska beslut
No full textThe interest rate announcements by the Swedish central bank, Riksbanken, are key elements of monetary policy and are considered to influence investor behavior and developments on the stock market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between Riksbanken’s interest rate decisions and the return of the OMXS30 index, as well as to examine whether the market’s response is asymmetric depending on whether rates are increased or decreased.The theoretical framework is based on the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), particularly its semi-strong form, which assumes that all public information is immediately reflected in asset prices. A quantitative research approach was applied using an event study methodology, analyzing 18 interest rate announcements between 2014 and 2024. Abnormal and cumulative abnormal returns were calculated, and hypothesis testing was conducted using t-tests to determine statistical significance.The results showed no statistically significant relationship between the interest rate announcements and OMXS30 returns, nor any significant difference between rate hikes and rate cuts. These findings are consistent with the assumptions of EMH and suggest that the market had already priced in the decisions at the time of their release. The study therefore supports the notion that the Swedish stock market is informationally efficient with respect to monetary policy announcements. The study concludes with suggestions for further research, including the effects of unexpected interest rate decisions and the impact on other asset classes.
Kan aktivt förvaltade svenska fonder generera högre riskjusterad avkastning än sitt jämförelseindex över tid? : En statistisk analys utifrån Sharpekvot, Treynors kvot och Jensens alfa på den svenska fondmarknaden över en tioårsperiod
No full textDenna uppsats undersöker om svenska små- och medelstora företagsfonder med aktiv förvaltning presterar bättre än sitt jämförelseindex i termer av riskjusterad avkastning under en tioårsperiod. Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod där data hämtas från Avanzas digitala plattform. För att analysera materialet används deskriptiv statistik, regressionsanalys och korrelationsanalys. Även nyckeltal som Sharpekvot, Treynors kvot och Jensens alfa tillämpas för att utvärdera fondernas riskjusterade avkastning. Analysernas resultat ligger till grund för slutsatsen som innebär att samtliga aktiva fonder i uppsatsens urval överträffar sitt jämförelseindex. Resultatet kan dock bero på det specifika urvalet, där andra aktivt förvaltade fonder och jämförelseindex möjligen hade kunnat leda till ett annat resultat. This paper examines whether Swedish small and medium-sized corporate funds with active management have outperformed their respective benchmark index in terms of risk-adjusted returns over a ten-year period. The study is based on a quantitative method where data is retrieved from Avanza's digital platform. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis and correlation analysis have been used to analyze the material. In addition, key ratios such as Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen's alpha have been applied to evaluate the funds' riskadjusted returns. The results from the analyses formed the basis for the conclusion that all the actively managed funds in the thesis's sample outperformed their benchmark index. However, this result may be dependent on the specific selection, and other actively managed funds and benchmark indices might have led to a different outcome.
Hur användbara uppfattas svenska finansiella influencers (finfluencers) av personer som investerar? : En kvantitativ studie om finfluencers användbarhet
No full textSyftet med studien var att undersöka hur användbara finansiella influencers (finfluencers) är enligt personer som investerar i aktier, obligationer, fonder och kryptovalutor. Tidigare forskning visar att en ökning har skett i användningen av finfluencers och sociala medier som källa till finansiell rådgivning. Det här gäller främst för Gen Z och millennials. Undersökningen utfördes med hjälp av en online enkät som skickades genom Instagram DMs till följarna av sju olika finfluencers. Enkäten lades också upp på tre olika ekonomiska onlineforum. Finfluencers användbarhet rankades genom en likertskala från 1-5 genom sju frågor som mätte användbarheten, där 1 är minst och 5 är mest användbar. Resultatet av undersökningen visade ett medelvärde av användbarhet på 2,322. Svaren delades även in i olika grupper baserade på demografiska variabler för att analysera potentiella skillnader mellan dem. Den enda skillnaden som statistiskt kunde bevisas till en 95% signifikansnivå var att kvinnor uppfattade finfluencers som mer användbara än vad männen gjorde.The aim of the study was to research how useful financial influencers (finfluencers) are according to people who invest in stocks, obligations, funds and cryptocurrencies. Previous research shows that there has been an increase in the use of finfluencers and social media when searching for financial advice. This is especially true when looking at Gen Z and millennials. The study was done using an online survey distributed through Instagram DMs to followers of seven finfluencers. The survey was also posted on three different economic online forums. Finfluencers usefulness was ranked using a likert scale from 1-5 using seven questions to measure usefulness, 1 being the least and 5 the most useful. The results of the study showed a mean value of usefulness of 2.322. The answers were also divided into different groups based on demographic variables to analyse potential differences between them. The only difference that could be statistically validated to a 95% significance level was that women found finfluencers to be more useful than men did
Naturlig variation i koffeinkonsumtion och studenters arbetsminne : En tvärsnittsstudie om hur vecko- och dagligt bruk av koffein, tid för konsumtion samt sömn och potentiella störningsmoment påverkar arbetsminnesprestation uppmätt via ett N-back test.
No full textUniversity students often rely on caffeine to stay alert and focused, but the extent to which it actually supports cognitive performance is still uncertain, therefor this study explored how natural variation in caffeine use relates to working memory, measured through an N-back task. 52 students from different universities in Stockholm participated by completing both the memory test and a questionnaire about their recent caffeine intake, sleep habits, and potential distractions during testing. While no significant links were found between how much caffeine students usually consume, either daily or weekly, and their test scores, the timing of consumption turned out to matter. Students who had consumed caffeine closer to the test session tended to perform better, suggesting a time sensitive effect. On the other hand, sleep quality, hours of sleep, and environmental noise did not show any clear relationship to performance. These findings suggest that it’s not necessarily the amount of caffeine that makes a difference, but when it is consumed. The results may offer helpful insights for students seeking to improve their cognitive focus before mentally demanding tasks, but further studies with experimental designs are needed to draw firmer conclusions.
“Jag vet inte vad jag ska göra? Jag förstår inte texten...” : En interventionsstudie baserad på en kombination av reciprok undervisning och självreglerat lärande
No full textThis study aims to examine how a short, practice-oriented intervention based on Reciprocal Teaching (RT) and the theory of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) could affect students’ reading comprehension, strategy use, and self-regulatory abilities in a sixth-grade classroom. The study’s theoretical framework was grounded in the four core reading strategies of the RT-model (predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing), as well as Zimmerman’s (2002) theory of SRL. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests based on previous national tests, SRL questionnaires in which students individually reflected before and after reading, and a semi- structured interview with the classroom teacher. The test results were analyzed based on three levels of reading comprehension ("on the lines," "between the lines," and "beyond the lines"), while the SRL questionnaires and teacher interview were thematically analyzed using relevant phases of the SRL cycle and identified categories. The pre- and post-test results showed a generally unchanged level of reading comprehension over time. However, an improvement was identified at the "beyond the lines" level, which may indicate that students’ abilities to interpret, reflect, and integrate information had developed. However, difficulties at the "between the lines" level persisted. The teacher's reasoning highlighted factors such as linguistic prior knowledge, motivation, and access to instructional resources as important for students’ application of reading strategies and comprehension development. The analysis of the SRL questionnaires suggests a mechanical use of strategies rather than a genuine attempt to understand the text. It also revealed that students particularly struggled with the clarifying strategy. The teacher emphasized that limited vocabulary knowledge posed a central challenge, hindering students’ ability to clarify ambiguities in the text. The study concludes that the generally unchanged reading comprehension outcomes may partly be explained by the short duration of the intervention and the limited selection of pupils, as well as by a possible lack of focus on the functional and contextual dimensions of strategy use in the teaching.