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L’irrequieto Alessandro Magno e l’assassinio di Filippo II di Macedonia
No full textAbstractWhile ancient sources indicate his wife Olympias as the main person responsible for the assassination of Philip II of Macedonia, modern studies are more inclined to recognize the leading role of his son Alexander, who was determined to do anything to secure the throne. Those who deny the responsibility of Philip’ wife and son instead emphasize that Alexander had no real rivals for the throne and mother and son therefore had too much to lose by plotting a conspiracy against the king. An examination of the sources relating to the last years of Philip’s life seems to reveal that Alexander’s position as heir to the throne was secure, but this does not mean that Alexander felt it in the same way. It therefore does not seem necessary to try to establish what Philip’s intentions were regarding his heir in order to hypothesize or exclude Alexander’s responsibility for his father’s murder, since Alexander’s impulsive nature, as emerges in particular in the affair of the satrap Pixodarus, may have pushed him to accelerate his succession to the throne even in the absence of a real threat to his position as heir
Cittadinanze coloniali arcaiche. Appunti su Massalia, Siracusa e Apollonia sullo Ionio
No full textABSTRACTArchaic colonial citizenships. Notes on Massalia, Syracuse and Apollonia on the Ionian SeaAmong the citizen bodies of the Greek colonies in the West, there are some notable cases in which the group of people who ‘participate in the community’ is numerically narrow, to varying degrees. Massalia is an example of a community whose body of political participants is small, but has its own identity and political and judicial powers. Pre-Gelonian Syracuse is an example of a city state where the free men (the demos) were, in a sense, caught between an elite group of landowners who identified as such (the Gamòroi) and the rural serfs. The Gamòroi monopolised power and civic presence. The demos, for its part, did not enjoy a civic role. This exclusion from political life may explain why the demos joined forces with the rural serfs against the Gamòroi. Finally, Apollonia’s situation was strikingly similar to that of Syracuse before the revolt against the Gamòroi. However, the socio-political context must have been even more stifling and imbalanced, with a few lords on one side and many unfree people on the other. A political community of citizens could not be formed on this basis
Voices across Boundaries: Citizenship, Language, and Ethnicity in Classical Athens and Hellenistic-Roman Delos
No full textABSTRACTThis article investigates the relationship between language and civic identity in two interconnected contexts: Classical Athens and Hellenistic-Roman Delos. Drawing on literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources, it shows how linguistic competence served as a marker of civic inclusion or exclusion. In Athens, mastery of Attic was central to ideological constructions of citizenship and often used polemically, especially against demagogues. In Delos, by contrast, daily interaction among Greeks, Romans, and Easterners gave rise to multilingual practices and hybrid identity negotiations. Greek emerged as a vehicle for social permeability, while Latin reinforced legal distinctions. Adopting the theoretical framework of ‘metrolingualism’, the article argues that language, space, and material culture operated together in shaping civic identity. Yet, this fluidity unfolded within a stable juridical-institutional background that remained largely untouched: despite the multiplicity of voices and interactions, the boundary between citizens and non-citizens, between inclusion and exclusion, continued to be defined and preserved at the institutional level
Meditation App Use May Decrease State Anxiety
No full textAbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a meditation app and anxiety. The effect of a free 13 minute guided meditation exercise (Take a Break!) on State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores was evaluated in a normative sample of 75 undergraduate students. The only significant group difference was for state anxiety after intervention, such that the meditation group had lower state anxiety after meditation than the control group after waiting. This is an important finding because everyday life presents many challenges that increase anxiety, and having a tool that simply takes a 13 minute break is very valuable. Most people of all ages always have a cell phone with them which would make the this app very available in times of stress. This very brief intervention could be used in many settings, such as work, schools, sports, and home. Having a tool that has been validated empirically would give great credibility to suggesting it’s use in these settings
Una rilettura del concetto di ἐπιθειασμός durante la guerra del Peloponneso. Sull’uso improprio della comparazione
No full textAbstractWithin Thucydides’ Histories, there are two invocations made by the Spartans Ar-chidamus II and Brasidas, in which they call upon local gods and heroes to act as witnesses to the lawfulness of their action. This specific religious practice attracted the attention of W. K. Pritchett, who attempted to propose an interpretation of it. In the first part of the analysis, the various readings that emerged from Pritchett’s approach are examined and questioned, primarily focusing on the comparison of this ritual practice with others from the Roman and Achaemenid world. The sec-ond part offers a reinterpretation of the passages from the second and fourth books of the Histories, aiming to place them within the narrative context of Thucydides and highlight the ritual peculiarities that are integral to the dynamics of the oath
L’intelligenza artificiale generativa per l’innalzamento della qualità dell’istruzione e la fioritura del pensiero critico. Quale contributo?
No full textGenerative Artificial Intelligence for Increasing the Quality of Education and the Flourishing of Critical Thinking. What Kind of Contribution
Il contributo dell’intelligenza artificiale per la qualificazione dei processi di istruzione
Full text linkTHE CONTRIBUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO THE QUALIFICATION OF EDUCATION PROCESSESAbstractIn the era of digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as an innovation capable of generating large-scale improvement opportunities. Educational institutions, which have enjoyed greater autonomy in managing human, financial, and technological resources since Law No. 59 of 1997, have developed increasingly personalized approaches to address students’ educational needs. Particular attention has been devoted to students with special educational needs, promoting more effective inclusion and integration within the school context. In this scenario, AI stands as a strategic tool to enhance personalized learning, optimize assessment processes, and improve school managementefficiency. Simultaneously, there emerges the need to provide essential skills for understanding and using AI, from its everyday applications to its ethical implications
Usi intelligenti dell’intelligenza artificiale. Il man-with-the-machine learning
Full text linkINTELLIGENT USES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. THE MAN-WITH-THE-MACHINE LEARNINGAbstractThe use of artificial intelligence systems capable of conversing in natural language with humans and responding to precise inquiries by leveraging a network-powered knowledge base (chatbots) is also expanding into the educational field, suggesting new possibilities and risks. This paper aims to present some reflections on the use of machines for teaching and their evolution into intelligent tutoring systems, outlining the possibilities and risks of a machine-driven and a human-driven learning/teaching interaction. The reflections focus on possible principles and methods to establish effective learning/teaching relationships that can enhance the peculiar aspects of human intelligence and empower them with the help of machine «intelligence». The «man-with-the-machine learning» perspective defines and promotes ways of synergistic interaction between the two types of intelligence – deeply and structurally different – showing how they can act together and complement each other
La teoria dell’Arco Riflesso e l’educazione. L’esperienza come questione didattica nel pensiero di John Dewey
No full textTHE REFLEX ARC THEORY AND EDUCATION. EXPERIENCE AS DIDACTIC ISSUE IN JOHN DEWEY’S THOUGHTAbstractIn this paper I will try to focus in the John Dewey’s thought on the relationship between the centrality of the Reflex Arc theory, developed in the essay «The Reflex Arc concept» of 1896, which derives from the essay Soul and Body of 1886, fundamental to understand Deweyan thought and some aspects of Classical Pragmatism, and the didactic issues as developed in the texts: «My pedagogic creed» of 1897 and «The school and society» of 1899
