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Combating Online Misinformation Regarding Vaccinations: The Influence of a Warning Tool on Information Choice
No full textAn increasing number of parents refrain from vaccinating their children. This causes lower immunisation coverage, resulting in disease outbreaks. Online misinformation about early-childhood vaccination is a potential cause of this problem. This study tests whether a warning tool, with the appearance of a traffic light, can influence parents’ information choices. An online experiment was conducted with parents and expecting parents (N = 179) with varying pre-existing attitudes and in different decision stages. Participants were asked to select three vaccine-related web links on a Google search result page either with or without the warning tool present. Results showed that participants in the warning tool condition (i.e., who saw reliability labels) selected a higher number of links marked as reliable compared to participants in the control group. No significant moderating effect of decision stage and pre-existing attitude were found. As our findings suggest that a warning tool can lead to better-informed vaccination decisions, the implementation of such a warning tool may prove worthwhile
Herrschaftslegitimation durch Ritual und Inszenierung
No full textDas Recht ist in seiner abstrakten Form für einen rechtlich Ungebildeten aber auch für einen wenig Gebildeten unverständlich. Daher ist eine Konkretisierung durch Inszenierungen unentbehrlich. Werden solche Inszenierungen wiederholt und formalisiert, so werden sie zum Ritual. Herrschaft muss begründet werden können. Nur dann ist sie legitim. Zur Legitimation der Herrschaft wird auch auf Riten bzw. Rituale zurückgegriffen.Das Recht ist in seiner abstrakten Form für einen rechtlich Ungebildeten aber auch für einen wenig Gebildeten unverständlich. Daher ist eine Konkretisierung durch Inszenierungen unentbehrlich. Werden solche Inszenierungen wiederholt und formalisiert, so werden sie zum Ritual. Herrschaft muss begründet werden können. Nur dann ist sie legitim. Zur Legitimation der Herrschaft wird auch auf Riten bzw. Rituale zurückgegriffen
Wettbewerbsrechtliche Grenzen kantonaler Spitalsubventionen für gemein-wirtschaftliche Leistungen
No full textUm das wirtschaftliche Überleben ihrer Spitäler zu sichern, gewähren die Kantone unter dem Titel «gemeinwirtschaftliche Leistungen (GWL)» in grossem Umfang Subventionen ausserhalb der obligatorischen Krankenpflegeversicherung. Solche Spitalsubventionen sind dann problematisch, wenn sie nicht allen öffentlichen und privaten Spitälern mit Versorgungsaufträgen in vergleichbarer Weise offenstehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fragt danach, inwiefern kantonalen Spitalsubventionen durch rechtsstaatliche Gebote und wettbewerbsrechtliche Vorgaben, insbesondere den Grundsatz der Wettbewerbsneutralität, Grenzen gesetzt sind.
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Afin d\u27assurer la survie économique de leurs hôpitaux, les cantons allouent à grande échelle des subventions nommées « prestations d\u27intérêt général (PIG) ». Versées en dehors de l\u27assurance obligatoire des soins, de telles subventions s\u27avèrent problématiques lorsqu\u27elles ne sont pas octroyées de manière comparable à tous les hôpitaux, publics ou privés, assumant des mandats de soins. Le présent article examine dans quelles mesures les subventions hospitalières canton ales sont limitées par les impératifs de l\u27État de droit et les prescriptions du droit de la concurrence, en particulier par le principe de la neutralité concurrentielle
Meeting Quality Metrics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgery: A Single-Center Experience
No full textPatient-centered quality metrics have been proposed to evaluate and optimize hospital processes, aiming to improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, they can be used to objectively rate and compare the ability of health care providers to meet the needs of their patients. In patients with advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma, optimal surgical treatment of the neck and timely initiation of both surgical and adjuvant therapy, when indicated, are crucial for recurrence-free and overall survival.
This retrospective analysis included 160 patients who received primary resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and concurrent neck dissection.It aimed to investigate how well quality metrics were met during a 6-year period in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at a university hospital. 93.1% of patients were seen in the specialist\u27s office within 21 days after referral. Resection was classified as R0 in 94.4%. A lymph node yield >= 18 was achieved in 82.5%. The lymph node ratio was <= 6% in 43.3% of nodal-positive necks. Readmission and unplanned revision surgery were rare (6.9%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was started <= 6 weeks after surgery in 45.3%, and the indication was in accordance with international guidelines in all cases. Quality metrics are an effective tool for planning process optimization in a hospital. Moreover, nodal quality metrics such as lymph node yield and lymph node ratio could, after validation, complement existing and well-established prognostic parameters for patient-specific adaptation of adjuvant treatment plans
Effects of Calcium and Phosphate on Dissolution of Enamel, Dentin and Hydroxyapatite in Citric Acid
No full textThe aim was to evaluate the effect of dissolved calcium and phosphate on dissolution rate of enamel, dentin and compressed hydroxyapatite (HA) in citric acid solution as a function of pH. At pH 2.5, dissolution rate of enamel increased significantly by 6% in 20 mmol/L added calcium but, otherwise, dissolution rates of neither enamel, dentin nor HA were significantly affected by 10 or 20 mmol/L calcium. However, enamel dissolution rate was reduced by > 50 mmol/L calcium. At pH 3.25 and 4.0, 10-20 mmol/L calcium inhibited dissolution of enamel by 29-100% and HA by 65-75% but did not affect dentin dissolution. Phosphate (10 or 20 mmol/L) did not inhibit dissolution of enamel, dentin or HA at any pH, but there were increases in dissolution rate of all three substrates at pH 2.5 and, in one test with dentine (at 20 mmol/L phosphate), at pH 3.25. The results suggest that calcium addition to soft drinks and other acidic products such as medications may reduce erosivity against enamel, provided that pH is not too low; that phosphate would not reduce erosivity against enamel; and that neither calcium nor phosphate at these concentrations would reduce erosivity against dentin
Direct adhesive reconstructions for restoration of posterior teeth with erosive tooth wear
No full textDer restaurative Aufbau verlorengegangener Zahnhartsubstanz und die Wiederherstellung der ursprünglichen vertikalen Bisslage bei einem durch Zahnerosionen oder -abrasionen stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogenen Gebiss stellt den Zahnarzt immer wieder vor Probleme bei der Um- setzung der Therapie. Traditionellerweise erfolgt diese Therapie mit laborgefertigten Werkstücken, die in der Regel eine Präparation der verbliebenen Zahnsubstanz erfordern und für den Patienten hohe Kosten verursachen, sodass alternative Verfahren in Betracht gezogen werden sollten. Dabei gilt es hervorzuheben, dass auch minimalinvasive restaurative Arbeiten bei diesen Patienten nur dann indiziert sind, wenn der präventive Ansatz, weiteren Zahnhartsubstanzverlust zu verhindern, gleichzeitig erfolgreich ist. Der folgende Beitrag stellt die Verwendung direkter adhäsiver Kompositrestaurationen als eine Möglichkeit zur Rekonstruktion einer erosiv stark veränderten Gebisssituation anhand eines Falles dar. Zur Rekonstruktion der Okklusalflächen werden dabei Übertragungsschienen eingesetzt, die auf der Basis von individuellen Wax-up-Modellen angefertigt werden.Das beschriebene Verfahren stellt eine gut untersuchte und erprobte Methode zur Versorgung von Zähnen mit erosionsbedingtem Zahnhartsubstanzverlust dar. Wie bei allen neuen Verfahren wird sich für den praktischen Zahnarzt eine gewisse Lernkurve ergeben, nach der hochwertige Restaurationen mit dieser Technik umgesetzt werden können.The restorative treatment of dental hard tissue loss, e.g., due to erosion, and the rehabilitation of the original vertical bite dimension confronts the dentist with problems when implemen- ting the therapy. Traditionally, this therapy is conducted with laboratory-fabricated workpieces made of ceramics which usually require a preparation of the remaining tooth substance and also causes high costs for the patient. Therefore, alternative methods should be considered. This article presents the use of direct adhesive composite restorations as a way of reconstruc- ting a dentition severely altered by erosion. To reconstruct the occlusal surfaces, transfer splints are used that are made on the basis of individual wax-up models. The procedure described is a well-researched and proven method for restoring teeth with erosion-related loss of hard tooth substance. As with all new procedures, there will be a certain learning curve for the practical dentist after which high-quality restorations can be imple- mented with this technique
In der «Schule göttlicher Weisheit»: Zu Heinrich Bullingers Horizontbestimmung der biblischen Exegese
No full textBullinger uses the term philosophia Christi in the prefaces to his Commentary on 1 John and the collected edition of his commentaries on the New Testament epistles to describe what his readers should expect to learn from the Bible. This article first explores Bullinger’s use of the term ‘philosophy of Christ’ in the corpus of his commentaries. Next, it sketches the development of the term from its origin in the patristic period up to the time of Dutch humanist Erasmus in the early modern period. A consideration of the multifaceted influence Erasmus and his understanding of philosophia Christi exerted on Bullinger and, more broadly, on the Zurich Reformed milieu concludes the discussion.Bullinger uses the term philosophia Christi in the prefaces to his Commentary on 1 John and the collected edition of his commentaries on the New Testament epistles to describe what his readers should expect to learn from the Bible. This article first explores Bullinger’s use of the term ‘philosophy of Christ’ in the corpus of his commentaries. Next, it sketches the development of the term from its origin in the patristic period up to the time of Dutch humanist Erasmus in the early modern period. A consideration of the multifaceted influence Erasmus and his understanding of philosophia Christi exerted on Bullinger and, more broadly, on the Zurich Reformed milieu concludes the discussion
Peter Niederhäuser, Eine Stadt im Wandel: Winterthur und die Reformation, 2020
No full textNo abstract available.No abstract available
Validating a Mixed-Method Approach for Multilingual News Framing Analysis: A case study of COVID-19
No full textA reliable multilingual news framing analysis can shed light on the similarities and dissimilarities of journalistic practices across geographical areas and cultures, facilitating comparative studies in media discourse and framing analysis. However, there is an insufficient supply of standardizing and validating computational approaches for multilingual text analysis. To fill the gap, this study validates a multi-stage mixed-method approach, Analysis of Topic Model Networks (ANTMN), a novel approach that identifies media frames by integrating Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and network analysis, for the news framing analysis in a multilingual context. Our multilingual ANTMN analysis standardizes the pipeline for data collection, cleaning, preprocessing, and validity assessment. By applying this approach to COVID-19 news from seven countries and regions (Germany, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Uganda, and the United States), this study demonstrates the reliability and validity of multilingual ANTMN analysis both quantitatively and qualitatively. We observe that ANTMN framing analysis is robust to variation in data sources and has the ability to produce generalizable results across multilingual corpora