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Enregistrement du rapport maxillo-mandibulaire en prothèse amovible partielle métallique (PAPM)
No full textThe recording of the maxillo-mandibular relationship (MMR) is an essential and unavoidable step that occurs at different stages of treatment during a prosthetic rehabilitation. Tissue duality is a major problem in metal partial dentures (MPD), especially in complete and large edentulisms, and is responsible for occlusal inaccuracies resulting in restorations that are not integrated with the patient’s manducatory system. In order to perform this step, the practitioner must choose the right material, make the appropriate support, and adopt a reliable and reproducible technique that is adapted to the clinical situation and the pro- sthetic step. The objective of this work is to suggest a simple and codified approach, which guarantees a reliable recording of the maxillo-mandibular relationship, adapted to the particularities of the supporting structures and taking into consideration the clinical sequence for an optimal occlusal-functional integration of the future metallic partial denture.L’enregistrement du rapport maxillo-mandibu- laire (RMM) est une étape primordiale et incon- tournable qui intervient à des stades différents du traitement lors des réhabilitations prothétiques. La dualité tissulaire, problématique majeure de la prothèse amovible partielle métallique (PAPM), notamment dans les édentements en extension et ceux de grande étendue, est responsable d’imprécisions occlusales aboutissant à des res- taurations mal ou non intégrées à l’appareil manducateur du patient. Pour effectuer cette étape, le praticien doit choisir le matériau, confectionner le support adéquat et adopter une technique fiable et reproductible adaptée à la si- tuation clinique et à l’étape prothétique. L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer une démarche simp- le et codifiée, qui garantit un enregistrement du rapport maxillo-mandibulaire fidèle, adapté aux particularités des structures d’appui et prenant en considération la séquence clinique pour une intégration occluso-fonctionnelle optimale de la future prothèse amovible partielle métallique
Parasocial relationships with morally ambiguous media characters – the role of moral foundations
Get PDFParasocial relationships are examined in diverse contexts and with various media characters, from news presenters to fictional movie heroes. A popular character trope in recent productions is the morally ambiguous media character (MAC). MACs disrupt the dichotomy between hero and villain, simultaneously exhibiting moral and immoral behavior. MACs attracted the attention of researchers, but little is known about parasocial relationships with them. This study examines these relationships by applying a multidimensional morality approach. The five moral domains of care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity are considered for the media character and the viewers. The role of these moral domains in parasocial relationships with morally ambiguous media characters was examined through an online survey (N = 250). The results show that moral behavior generally and moral behavior in care, fairness, and loyalty increased the strength of parasocial relationships, regardless of the viewer’s moral foundations. The characters’ behavior in authority and purity did not influence the viewers’ general morality perception nor their parasocial relationships with them. The study contributes to the existing literature about MACs by considering viewers’ parasocial relationships, their moral foundations, and the perceived morality in each of the five moral domains
Supporten, sponsern, werben? Lokale Einblicke in die Sportförderaktion "Support your Sport" des Migros-Genossenschafts-Bundes
No full textDa kein Abstract des Artikels vorhanden ist, finden Sie hier den Beginn des Artikels:
Rudern ist ein wunderschöner Sport. Im Boot auf dem ruhigen See, ist der frühe Morgen ein magischer Moment. Gedanken an finanzielle Probleme, die den Club im kleinen Dorf unweit von Zürich, um den es im Folgenden gehen soll, belasten könnten, sind dann weit weg. Kaum jemand denkt in einer solchen Situation daran, dass Rudern finanziell aufwendig ist. Es braucht ein Bootshaus, einen Rudersteg, Boote verschiedener Kategorien mit entsprechenden Rudern. Für den Regattasport ist auch ein Motorboot für den Trainer nötig. Der Ruderclub (RC) wurde, wie die Chronik auf der Website erzählt, in den 1950er-Jahren von einigen «Seebuben», die Freude am Schwimmen, Rudern und Segeln hatten, gegründet. Die Mitgliederzahl ist mittlerweile auf über 250 Personen gewachsen. Heute finden sich nur schon im Vorstand zehn Leute, wobei sich eine Person ausschliesslich damit befasst, Geldquellen für den Club zu erschliessen. Ich bin seit Längerem Mitglied des Clubs und forsche hier in meinem Umfeld – und in zwei anderen Vereinen im gleichen Ort, um eine Spendenaktion für solche Sportvereine aus dieser lokalen Perspektive zu untersuchen
Digitales Trinkgeld in der Plattformökonomie: Perspektiven von Food-Kurier:innen und Konsument:innen
No full textDa kein Abstract des Artikels vorhanden ist, finden Sie hier den Beginn des Artikels:
Alltagssituationen wie diese zeigen, dass der Umgang mit Geld nicht nur eine ökonomische, sondern auch eine soziale und kulturelle Praxis ist. Sie verweist auf Erwartungen, auf Wertvorstellungen und auch auf Einstellungen gegenüber aktuellen Technologien und Plattform Firmen. Trinkgeld zu geben, würde aus einer ökonomischen Perspektive, in der das wirtschaftlich denkende Individuum allein zur Vermehrung des eigenen (finanziellen oder symbolischen) Kapitals handelt, eher in einer Stammbeiz Sinn ergeben – oder wenn die Trinkgeld gebende Person sich anderweitig unter Beobachtung fühlt. In flüchtigen Beziehungen zu Menschen, die ziemlich sicher in Zukunft nicht mehr angetroffen werden, wie das in vielen Restaurants oder eben auch bei Food-Kurier:innen der Fall ist, bringt das Geben von Trinkgeld dem Homo oeconomicus wenig, da keine bessere oder freundlichere Behandlung beim nächsten Wiedersehen angestrebt werden kann. Laut einer Studie der ZHAW sagen 85 Prozent der Befragten, dass sie in einem bedienten Restaurant Trinkgeld geben. Beim relativ neuen (Massen-)Phänomen der Essens-Lieferdienste scheint die Situation jedoch weniger eindeutig zu sein. 
grafzahl: fine-tuning Transformers for text data from within R
No full textThis paper introduces `grafzahl`, an R package for fine-tuning Transformers for text data from within R. The package combines the ease of use of the `quanteda` R ecosystem and the state-of-the-art `Transformers` Python library. The package is used in this paper to reproduce the analyses in communication papers or, of non-Germanic benchmark datasets. Very significant improvement in model accuacy over traditional machine learning approach such as Convoluted Neural Network is observed. `grafzahl` might have a role in the mainstreamization of Transformer-based machine learning methods for communication research and beyond
Integrating surveys and social media to better understand the dynamics of public opinion
No full textOur study investigates the impact of social media on survey outcomes, particularly focusing on how the general public’s perception of issue importance is influenced by Twitter. To accomplish this, we propose two case studies in Swiss politics focusing on social media’s effect on opinion change during elections and the similarities in arguments on social media and in survey data during direct democracy votes. This study relies on a two-year longitudinal data collection of tweets (from January 2019 to December 2020) sent by more than 50.000 identified Swiss seed users and their most active followers. We find that the content of tweets surrounding popular votes reflects similar arguments as those expressed by a representative survey sample. Cases without congruence can be explained by the groups of users dominating social media discussions about the votes but also by the complexity and variety of arguments surrounding the votes. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the salience of policy issues on social media has no systematic effect on public opinion change regarding the perceived importance of similar issues, as social media’s impact strongly depends on the content and on the tweet’s author. These results provide valuable insights for researchers, helping them understand the circumstances in which social media data are most likely to be available and present a useful complement to surveys for understanding the dynamics of public opinion
Word Embedding Enrichment for Dictionary Construction: An Example of Incivility in Cantonese
No full textDictionary-based methods remain valuable to measure concepts based on texts, though supervised machine learning has been widely used in much recent communication research. The present study proposes a semi-automatic and easily implemented method to build and enrich dictionaries based on word embeddings. As an example, we create a dictionary of political incivility that contains vulgarity and name-calling words in Cantonese. The study shows that dictionary-based classification outperforms supervised machine learning methods, including deep neural network models. Furthermore, a small number of random seed words can generate a highly accurate dictionary. However, the uncivil content detected is only weakly correlated with uncivil perceptions, as we demonstrate in a population-based survey experiment. The strengths and limitations of dictionary-based methods are discussed
Lowering the Language Barrier: Investigating Deep Transfer Learning and Machine Translation for Multilingual Analyses of Political Texts
No full textThe social science toolkit for computational text analysis is still very much in the making. We know surprisingly little about how to produce valid insights from large amounts of multilingual texts for comparative social science research. In this paper, we test several recent innovations from deep transfer learning to help advance the computational toolkit for social science research in multilingual settings. We investigate the extent to which prior language and task knowledge stored in the parameters of modern language models is useful for enabling multilingual research; we investigate the extent to which these algorithms can be fruitfully combined with machine translation; and we investigate whether these methods are accurate, practical and valid in multilingual settings – three essential conditions for lowering the language barrier in practice. We use two datasets with texts in 12 languages from 27 countries for our investigation. Our analysis shows, that, based on these innovations, supervised machine learning can produce substantively meaningful outputs. Our BERT-NLI model trained on only 674 or 1,674 texts in only one or two languages can validly predict political party families’ stances towards immigration in eight other languages and ten other countries
Internationalism on the big screen: Films on the League of Nations
Get PDFBuilding on the growing literature on the communication strategies of the League of Nations, this article discusses the films that a variety of actors made on the activities of the international organization. While the efforts of the League’s Secretariat in Geneva are at the center of this article, it is important to acknowledge the films made by civil society actors, gathered in national League of Nations societies. Not constrained by the ban on propaganda that applied to the League officials, these societies tried to mobilize their audience by making emotional appeals and adapting the League’s message to the national political context. After long delays and eventually with limited success, the Secretariat made its own talkie in the late 1930s, The League at Work. In all three films discussed in this article, the horrors of the First World War were portrayed to convince the audience that international cooperation was necessary to prevent a new catastrophe. With these films, the various actors promoted the League as the organization that could oversee a stable world order
Reconsidering a multivalent concept: An integrated affordance framework to approach technology and social media use
Get PDFThe affordance concept has been widely used in communication studies to theorize and examine social media use beyond specific features and practices. However, its implementation is characterized by an inconsistent use of terms and a neglect of the concept’s relationality. The present article demonstrates and addresses these shortcomings. First, it briefly reviews the affordance perspective’s origins and its further development in communication literature. Second, it outlines the perspective’s diverse but inconsistent application in social media research. Third, it introduces an integrated framework that contributes to a better understanding of affordances and supports a more precise use of the underlying concepts and terms in social media research. The framework a) emphasizes the relational nature of affordances as opportunities for action that occur in various technological and social contexts and are contingent on designed and cognitive mechanisms, b) it highlights the abstract nature of individual, relational, and collective affordances that are distinct from outcomes such as practices and structures, and c) it encompasses effects and dynamics that impact both technology and actors. Drawing on the framework, the article concludes with conceptional, empirical and terminological implications for future research approaching technology and social media use from an affordance perspective