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The erosive effect of various drinks, foods, stimulants, medications and mouthwashes on human tooth enamel
No full textTwo forms of non-carious dental disorder - erosive tooth hard tissue loss and dental erosion - have been increasingly observed in recent years. Dental erosion is the chemical loss of dental hard substances caused by exposure to acids not derived from oral bacteria. Mechanical forces from, for example, the tongue, the cheeks or toothbrushing, increase loss of partly-demineralized tooth surfaces and the cumulative loss of dental hard tissue is defined as erosive tooth wear (ETW). Dental hard tissue losses which occur because of very frequent acid exposure, such as through increased vomiting, but without mechanical stress, are also assigned to tooth erosion. Without prior softening, practically no loss of enamel takes place due to abrasion with the modern Western diet. The present work is a continuation of earlier work. A total of 226 beverages, food, stimulants as well as medicines and mouthwashes were tested for their erosive potential on premolars and deciduous molars covered with a human pellicle. The influence of temperature, phosphate and calcium was also investigated in additional experiments. The change in hardness before and after immersion in the respective test substance was measured and the erosive potential was classified. For each test product, we determined pH and other properties which were possibly related to erosive potential. There were considerable and sometimes surprising differences between the tested products. The addition of phosphate did not influence the erosive potential of the liquids, but calcium did. A modified erosion scheme is presented, which incorporates these and other new findings
The effects of various types of lozenges on halitosis: A crossover clinical trial
No full textThe aim of this crossover clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of three different types of lozenges on halitosis based on their composition and surface roughness. This crossover clinical trialcomprised 35 healthy subjects who were tested after the induction of halitosis via the intake of chips and soft cheese. The breath was analyzed using the organoleptic and instrumental measurement techniques. The effects of three different types of lozenges were tested: apple-flavored (CA, control); apple-flavored with zinc (AZ, <0.2%); and apple-flavored with zinc and a rough surface (AZR, <0.2%). The instrumental and organoleptic measurements were repeated four times with a time interval of 120 s between measurements after the first measurement (baseline).
Subsequently, the subjects were asked to describe their experience with the tested type of candy using a questionnaire. Statistically significant reductions in the grade of halitosis were observed after using the three different types of lozenges at the various time points compared to the baseline value (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the instrumental and organoleptic measurements for all the lozenges (p < 0.001). Neither AZ nor AZR showed a significant difference compared to CA with regard to the reduction of the instrumental readings. Furthermore, the subjective feeling of having a fresh breath was not related to the values obtained using the instrumental technique.These findings indicate that lozenges can significantly reduce artificially induced halitosis, regardless of the type used. Nonetheless, additional studies using a larger sample size are required to validate these findings
Kabatek, Johannes; Bleorțu, Cristina: Dincolo de structuralism. Scrisori către Eugeniu Coșeriu și istoria lingvisticii în secolul al XX-lea : Corespondența Marius Sala – Eugeniu Coșeriu
No full text“Eugenio Coseriu and the Present-Day Linguistics”, as part of the 6th edition of The International Conference “Zilele Sextil Pușcariu”, September 14-15, 2023
No full textWinter-Froemel, Esme; Octavio de Toledo y Huerta, Álvaro S.: Manual of Discourse Traditions in Romance
No full textDer Körper als Resonanzorgan und als Symbol bei Menschen mit Essstörungen
No full textEssstörungen sind scheinbar Störungen des Essverhaltens, im Wesentlichen sind sie aber schwere Beziehungsstörungen, die durch einen entfremdeten Selbst und Fremdbezug gekennzeichnet sind. Als Katalysator wirkt der Zeitgeist durch die visuelle Hirnwäsche der aktuellen medialen Welt, die übermässige Schlankheit bis zum Untergewicht idealisiert, das gesunde Normalgewicht hingegen als Übergewicht stigmatisiert. Diese verzerrte visuelle Körper-Normalität verunsichert insbesondere Jugendliche bei der Entwicklung einer sicheren psychosozialen Identität und erhöht die Vulnerabilität für Essstörungen. Je nach Motivations-Phase wird die Erkrankung und die Therapiemotivation ganz verschieden erlebt und bewegt sich von “Precontemplation” zur “Action”. Das zentrale und häufigste Hintergrund-Thema bei Menschen mit Essstörungen ist der Konflikt «Abhängigkeit versus Autonomie». Die Betroffenen streben mit jeder Faser ihres Wesens nach Unabhängigkeit und Autonomie, da das Erleben von Abhängigkeit und Fremdbestimmung ihr Selbstwertgefühl und ihre Selbstintegrität massiv bedrohen, und sie fürchten sich gleichzeitig vor Selbständigkeit, da sie Geborgenheit, Zugehörigkeit und Liebe brauchen. Die herbeigesehnte Autonomie verbinden sie mit Einsamkeit und Unverbundenheit. Zum vertiefteren Verständnis dieser Konstellation hilft das entwicklungspsychologische Modell von Margaret Mahler, insbesondere die Loslösungs- und Individuationsphase mit der Differenzierungs-, Übungs- und Wiederannäherungszeit. Bei der Behandlung von essgestörten Menschen bewährt sich insbesondere ein eklektischer psychotherapeutischer Ansatz, auf der Basis eines psychodynamischen Verständnisses psychischer Abläufe, kombiniert mit edukativen Techniken, Elementen der kognitivbehavioralen Therapie und des katathymen Bilderleben (KIP) nach Karl Leuner. Dies wird an einem Fallbeispiel dargestellt
Naples’s pathological body: cholera, disability, and problematic cures in Matilde Serao’s Il ventre di Napoli
No full text«Bisogna sventrare Napoli!» (Naples must be disemboweled!) decreed Italian Prime Minister Agostino Depretis in reaction to the 1884 cholera outbreak. Consequently, Neapolitan journalist and author Matilde Serao chronicled the government’s violent desire to cure Naples’s belly in Il ventre di Napoli (1884-1904). In this article I draw on disability and feminist studies to carry out an intertextual analysis of Il ventre di Napoli through readings of «Parthenope» and «Virgil» from Serao’s Leggende napoletane (1881) and Italian Law 2892, «Per il risanamento della città di Napoli» (1885). I argue that Serao pioneers a discourse in which Naples can be understood not only as a choleraic infected body, but more importantly, as a female body with disabilities that is worthy of attention, visible space, and voice. The concept of disability, while not explicitly named by Serao, is unquestionably present in her close attention to bodies–especially female bodies–at higher risk of mortality due to systemic injustices, chronic illnesses, and society’s violent reactions to bodily difference. Serao, contrasted with the governmental gaze that attempts to «cure» Naples through superficial, and, at times, violent means, does not gaze upon Naples’s body; nor does she restore Naples in the voyeuristic and literary image of her beautified Parthenopean body. Rather, writing from the perspective of a woman author, Serao stares, thereby «creat[ing] a circuit of communication and meaning-making» (Garland-Thomson 2009) in which she and Naples co-construct an embodied practice of enquiry and care that addresses the unjust and inhumane conditions of Naples’s impoverished belly.«Bisogna sventrare Napoli!», questa la dichiarazione del primo ministro italiano Agostino Depretis in risposta all\u27epidemia di colera del 1884. Come reazione, la giornalista e scrittrice napoletana Matilde Serao decise di raccontare il desiderio di cura violenta del governo in Il ventre di Napoli (1884-1904). In questo articolo, attraverso gli studi sulla disabilità e sul femminismo si conduce un\u27analisi intertestuale de Il ventre di Napoli attraverso la lettura di «Parthenope» e «Virgil» dalle Leggende napoletane di Serao (1881) e della Legge italiana 2892, «Per il risanamento della città di Napoli» (1885). Come tesi di fondo si sostiene che Serao sia una pioniera nel proporre un discorso in cui Napoli possa essere compresa non solo come un corpo infetto dal colera, ma, soprattutto, come un corpo femminile con disabilità, degno di attenzione, visibilità e voce. Il concetto di disabilità, sebbene non nominato esplicitamente da Serao, è indubbiamente presente nella sua spiccata attenzione per i corpi - soprattutto i corpi femminili – sottoposti a un rischio di mortalità più elevato a causa di ingiustizie sistemiche, malattie croniche e reazioni violente della società alla differenza corporea. Serao, in contrapposizione netta con l’approccio delle istituzioni, che cerca di «curare» Napoli attraverso metodi superficiali e, a volte, violenti, non fissa lo sguardo sul corpo di Napoli, né ne ripristina l\u27immagine letteraria o voyeuristica di affascinante corpo partenopeo. Piuttosto, scrivendo dal punto di vista femminile, Serao fissa lo sguardo, «creat[ing] a circuit of communication and meaning-making» (Garland-Thomson 2009) in cui lei e Napoli costruiscono insieme una pratica di indagine e cura radicata nel corpo, che affronta le condizioni ingiuste e disumane dell’impoverito ventre di Napoli.
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«Bisogna sventrare Napoli!» (Naples must be disemboweled!) decreed Italian Prime Minister Agostino Depretis in reaction to the 1884 cholera outbreak. Consequently, Neapolitan journalist and author Matilde Serao chronicled the government’s violent desire to cure Naples’s belly in Il ventre di Napoli (1884-1904). In this article I draw on disability and feminist studies to carry out an intertextual analysis of Il ventre di Napoli through readings of «Parthenope» and «Virgil» from Serao’s Leggende napoletane (1881) and Italian Law 2892, «Per il risanamento della città di Napoli» (1885). I argue that Serao pioneers a discourse in which Naples can be understood not only as a choleraic infected body, but more importantly, as a female body with disabilities that is worthy of attention, visible space, and voice. The concept of disability, while not explicitly named by Serao, is unquestionably present in her close attention to bodies–especially female bodies–at higher risk of mortality due to systemic injustices, chronic illnesses, and society’s violent reactions to bodily difference. Serao, contrasted with the governmental gaze that attempts to «cure» Naples through superficial, and, at times, violent means, does not gaze upon Naples’s body; nor does she restore Naples in the voyeuristic and literary image of her beautified Parthenopean body. Rather, writing from the perspective of a woman author, Serao stares, thereby «creat[ing] a circuit of communication and meaning-making» (Garland-Thomson 2009) in which she and Naples co-construct an embodied practice of enquiry and care that addresses the unjust and inhumane conditions of Naples’s impoverished belly.
Review of: Preite, Luca (2022): Widerstand als Selbstbehauptung. „Gefährdete“ Jugendliche im Übergangs- und Berufsbildungssystem. Bielefeld: transcript, 166 pages, ISBN: 978-3-8376-6344-0, print: 34,00 €, open access
No full textIn diesem Buch geht es um die Frage, wie sogenannte „gefährdete“ Jugendliche ihre Werdegänge und Lebenswelten im Rahmen verzögerter Berufs- und Bildungslaufbahnen erfahren, gestalten und behaupten – sowohl trotz der, wegen der, aber auch wider die Voraussage ihrer eigenen Gefährdung. Die Studie lässt sich in einer kritisch-subjektorientierten Forschung verorten.This book deals with the question of how so-called “vulnerable” youth experience, shape, and assert their trajectories and lifeworlds in the context of delayed career and educational trajectories –despite, because of, as well as against the prediction of their own endangerment. The study can be located in a critical subject-oriented research tradition
Editorial: Adolescent System Crashers: (Social) Diagnosis, Intervention, Discontinuations, and Relocations
No full text„Systemsprenger:innen“ – ein kontrovers und vielfältig diskutierter Begriff. Das vorliegende Schwerpunktheft versammelt aktuelle Beiträge rund um das Phänomen, wobei gesellschaftliche und organisatorische Strukturen ebenso in den Blick genommen werden wie das Erleben von Kindern und Jugendlichen selbst, die als „Systemsprenger:innen“ etikettiert werden. Die vier empirischen und der theoretische Beitrag zum Themenschwerpunkt werden ergänzt durch einen freien Beitrag zur Fridays for Future-Bewegung sowie einer Rezension zum Buch „Widerstand als Selbstbehauptung“.“System crashers” – a controversial and diversely discussed term. This special issue brings together current contributions on the phenomenon, focusing on social and organizational structures as well as the experience of children and adolescents themselves who are labeled as “system crashers.” The four empirical and theoretical contributions on the main topic are supplemented by a free contribution on the Fridays for Future movement, as well as a review of the book “Widerstand als Selbstbehauptung” (i.e. “Resistance as Self-Assertion”)
Schweizerisches Familienrecht, Januar-April 2023
No full textEntsprechend dem Ziel der „(Zeit-)Schriften des Rechts“, die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird mit dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften zum Schweizerischen Familienrecht vorgelegt.Entsprechend dem Ziel der „(Zeit-)Schriften des Rechts“, die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird beginnend mit dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften zum Schweizerischen Erbrecht vorgelegt