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conexus 5/2 2024: Nachhaltigkeit und Effizienz
Get PDFDer vorliegende zweite Teil der conexus-Nummer zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit und Effizienz enthält Studien von Forschenden aus der klassischen Philologie, der Rechts- und Politikwissenschaft, der Medienpsychologie und Kommunikationswissenschaft sowie der Philosophie, die zeigen, wie umfassend der Nachhaltigkeitsbegriff zu denken ist und welche vielschichtigen Fragen er aufwirft. Weshalb werden Werke nicht nur für ein aktuelles Publikum, sondern auch für die Nachwelt verfasst? Welche Bedingungen muss Literatur erfüllen, damit sie nachhaltig ist? Wieso muss in der Politik das Rad immer wieder neu erfunden werden? Warum sind Errungenschaften wie Demokratie und Rechtsstaatlichkeit nicht wirklich nachhaltig? Vor welchen Herausforderungen stehen Unternehmen angesichts des Generalverdachts auf Greenwashing? Wie kann ehrliche und glaubwürdige Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation gelingen? Was werden wir verlieren, wenn wir uns vom Wachstumszwang befreit haben? Was werden wir gewinnen? Und werden wir, wenn wir genügsam leben, unglücklich sein?
Publiziert mit Unterstützung der Vereinigung der fortgeschrittenen Forschenden und Lehrenden der Universität Züric
Modernized Hippies and Extreme Eco-Warriors: A Qualitative Study on Young Adults’ Pro-Environmental Views through the Lens of the Prototype Willingness Model
No full textThis study is the first qualitative examination of the prototype willingness model (PWM), which includes both rational and socially reactive decision-making processes, in the context of eco-friendly behaviour. In total, 33 individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with Flemish young adults between 18 and 25 years to explore how the constructs of this dual-process model manifest and interconnect in the young adults’ lives in the context of eco-friendly behaviours, and which aspects should be leveraged when encouraging eco-friendly behaviour. Three prominent patterns were identified during data analysis: (1) The rational roadblocks, (2) the social stepping stone, and (3) the distant ‘darker’ green. Implications for (social) marketers are, among other things, to defy context-dependent attitudes of resistance (e.g. highlight applicable self-interest motives), to use social – and in particular socially reactive – levers, and to represent more diverse eco-friendly people that reflect the diversity within target audiences in behaviour change interventions and communications strategies
Zuhören, hinhören – aufhören
No full textIm Übergang zum Rentenalter beschloss ich, meine Berufstätigkeit bald zu beenden, um mir mehr Freiraum für andere Interessen zu verschaffen. Ich beschreibe, wie ich das Aufhören angehe, wie meine Patient:innen darauf reagieren und wie ich versuche die aufkommenden Themen, Aktionen, Verwirrungen und Emotionen im Lichte des Abschieds zu verstehen. Nachträglich scheint es mir, als wirkte auch mein eigener Trauerprozess gestaltend mit, wie Freud ihn beschrieb: «Jede einzelne der Erinnerungen und Erwartungen, in denen die Libido an das Objekt geknüpft war, wird eingestellt, überbesetzt und an ihr die Lösung der Libido vollzogen» (Freud, 1917, S.63). Ich hebe einzelne Gedanken von Theoretiker:innen hervor, die mir besonders hilfreich waren, und lasse mich von Gedankengängen leiten, die sich im Hin und Her des therapeutischen Prozesses ergeben
«Klimaterrorismus» oder ziviler Ungehorsam? Eine Begriffsklärung.
No full textDie Klimabewegung ergreift in letzter Zeit immer öfter radikalere Mittel des Protests. Während die Klimaaktivist:innen ihren Protest als zivilen Ungehorsam verstehen, werden vereinzelt auch Vergleiche zu Ökoterrorismus und Klima-RAF gezogen. Selbst wenn solche Vergleiche als völlig überrissen zu bewerten sind, haben sie eine Debatte ausgelöst zur Frage: Was ist eigentlich ziviler Ungehorsam? Die traditionellen Definitionen haben sich dabei als zunehmend ungeeignet erwiesen, um die Eigenheiten zeitgenössischen Protests zu erfassen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird daher ausgehend von einer Analyse des Sprachgebrauchs der beiden Begriffe «zivil» und «Ungehorsam» zunächst die begriffshistorische Entwicklung rekonstruiert. Die daraus extrahierten Begriffselemente werden anschliessend in Würdigung der aktuellen Praxis und der gegenwärtigen Bedingungen für einen zeitgemässen Definitionsvorschlag fruchtbar gemacht.
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Les défenseurs du climat ont de plus en plus recours à des moyens de protestation radicaux. Alors que les militants pro-climat qualifient ces actions de désobéissance civile, d\u27autres les comparent plutôt à de l\u27écoterrorisme. Si cette comparaison peut sembler exagérée, elle a le mérite d\u27ouvrir le débat sur la question suivante : qu\u27est-ce que la désobéissance civile ? Les définitions traditionnelles s\u27avèrent mal adaptées aux spécificités des protestations contemporaines. Cet article se base sur une analyse linguistique des termes « civile » et « désobéissance » et de leur usage, afin de reconstituer l\u27évolution historique du concept. Leséléments conceptuels qui en résultent sont ensuite utilisés pour proposer une dé finition contemporaine qui tient compte des pratiques et des conditions actuelles
Dental Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Implant Surgery: Status Quo and Outlook
No full textDie Magnetresonanztomographie hat in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche technische Fortschritte vielversprechende Ansätze in der dentomaxillofazialen Radiologie eröffnet. Die MRT hat das Potenzial, zu einer innovativen Methode für die präzise Diagnose und Planung von Zahnimplantaten zu werden, da sie die gleichzeitige Darstellung von Weich- und Hartgewebe ermöglicht und keine Strahlenbelastung für die Patienten mit sich bringt. Die dentale MRT fungiert bereits heute als eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zu konventionellen röntgenbasierten bildgebenden Verfahren und kann dazu beitragen, die mit chirurgischen Eingriffen verbundenen Risiken durch die Optimierung bestehender Therapieprotokolle weiter zu minimieren. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Bestrebungen in der Zahnmedizin eine personalisierte orale Diagnostik unter Berücksichtigung patientenspezifischer Faktoren zu ermöglichen, gibt dieser Artikel einen kompakten Überblick über die Möglichkeiten der dentalen MRT in der Implantatchirurgie. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die vorgestellten Anwendungen unter Berücksichtigung der sequenzspezifischen Indikationen und Limitationen das Potenzial der dentalen MRT für die personalisierte implantologische Therapieplanung. Sie ermöglicht die Berücksichtigung von Parametern, die mit konventionellen bildgebenden Verfahren nicht dargestellt werden können, und ist insbesondere nützlich für die Beurteilung chirurgisch relevanter Parameter, die das Weichgewebe betreffen.Numerous technical advances in magnetic resonance imaging have opened up promising new approaches in dentomaxillofacial radiology in recent years. With its ability to simultaneously visualize soft and hard tissues, MRI has the potential to become an innovative method for accurate diagnosis and planning of dental implants. Dental MRI is already a valuable and useful complement to conventional X-ray imaging techniques and could further minimize the risks of surgery by optimizing existing treatment protocols. Considering current efforts in dentistry to reduce radiation exposure and take a further step toward personalized oral diagnostics that consider patient-specific factors, this article reviews the capabilities of dentomaxillofacial MR imaging in implant surgery. It highlights the various applications of MRI in dental implant surgery and evaluates both the benefits and the clinical challenges. Overall, considering the specific indications and limitations of MR sequences, dental MRI represents a further significant advance in individualized treatment planning in dentistry. It allows consideration of parameters not visualized by conventional imaging techniques and is particularly useful for evaluating surgically relevant parameters, especially those related to soft tissue
Complex odontoma in the mandibular anterior region in a 16-year-old female patient - diagnosis, treatment and aftercare
No full textOdontome gelten zusammen mit den Amelo- blastomen als die häufigsten odontogenen Tumoren. Sie entstehen während der embryo- nalen Zahnkeimentwicklung durch fehlerhaft differenziertes Keimgewebe und werden daher auch als Hamartome bezeichnet. Somit sind sie also strenggenommen keine klassischen Neoplasien.Odontomas, together with amelo- blastomas, are the most common odontogenic tumors. They arise during embryonic tooth germ development due to incorrectly differentiated germ tissue and are therefore also referred to as hamartomas. Strictly speaking, they are therefore not classic neoplasms
Ende in der Psychoanalyse
No full textDas Ende einer Psychoanalyse bedeutet neben Erweiterung der Persönlichkeit auch Abschied, Verlust und Getrenntsein. Für die Bewältigung dieser Gefühle braucht es eine Ausstattung, die ein Verstehen der inneren Welt möglich macht, um paranoide wie depressive Ängste zu verarbeiten. Dazu ist ein stabiles Ich notwendig, begleitet von einem schützenden, realistischen Über-Ich, der Internalisierung guter innerer Objekte, dem Verstehen der Komplexität des Zusammenwirkens von inneren Instanzen wie Über-Ich und Ich, den inhärenten Triebkräften und einer Unterscheidungsfähigkeit von Realität und Phantasma
Il rischio di responsabilità penale dell\u27avvocato di-fensore che sporge denuncia
No full textGli autori si interrogano sui limiti posti dalla legislazione penale all\u27azione dell\u27avvocato difensore, con particolare attenzione alla fattispecie di denuncia mendace. In particolare, gli autori considerano due costellazioni: quella dell\u27avvocato difensore che, per conto del suo assistito e sulla base delle informazioni fornitegli da quest\u27ultimo, sporge denuncia contro un\u27altra persona che si rivela, in seguito, innocente; e quella dell\u27avvocato difensore che, per difendere il proprio cliente imputato in un processo penale, accusa il testimone dell\u27accusa di riferire il falso.
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Les auteurs examinent les restrictions que le droit pénal impose aux actions des avocats de la défense et, plus particulièrement, les cas de dénonciations calomnieuses. Deux situations spécifiques sont analysées: la première concerne un avocat de la défense qui, en agissant au nom de son client et en se basant sur les informations fournies par ce dernier, dépose une plainte contre une personne qui se révèle par la suite innocente; la seconde implique un avocat de la défense qui, pour défendre son client accusé dans un procès pénal, accuse un témoin à charge de fournir un faux témoignage.
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Die Autoren hinterfragen die Grenzen, die das Strafrecht dem Handeln des Strafverteidigers setzt, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf den Fall der falschen Anschuldigung. Sie betrachten insbesondere zwei Konstellationen: die des Strafverteidigers, der im Namen seines Mandanten und basierend auf von ihm erhaltenen Informationen eine Anzeige gegen eine andere Person erstattet, die sich später als unschuldig herausstellt, und die des Strafverteidigers, der zur Verteidigung seines in einem Strafverfahren angeklagten Mandanten den Zeugen der Anklage beschuldigt, eine Falschaussage zu machen
Experimenting with the Unspeakable: Lesbian Dissimulation in Alice Ceresa’s La figlia prodiga
No full textL’articolo propone una lettura de La figlia prodiga (1967) di Alice Ceresa attraverso le lenti della dissimulazione del lesbismo e della sovversione dell’ordine simbolico patriarcale. Laddove la maggioranza delle letture critiche ha finora ignorato il lesbismo o ne ha rifiutata la rilevanza per l’interpretazione della figura della figlia prodiga, si stabilisce qui invece un nesso tra la sperimentazione formale e la questione dell’indicibilità dell’omosessualità femminile. Prendendo spunto dalle acute riflessioni di Teresa de Lauretis su Ceresa (de Lauretis 1996), sostengo che, se non è necessario includere il lesbismo nel concetto di prodigalità, si perde tanta della potenza del testo a non farlo. La figlia prodiga non è la lesbica, ma un significante che si rende disponibile per rappresentare una condizione senza rappresentazione quale è il lesbismo. L\u27articolo si concentra in particolare su tre elementi che illuminano la poetica originale de La figlia prodiga: in primo luogo, la riflessione metaletteraria, originata dalla questione del come dire qualcosa che non si può dire, o per cui non esistono parole adeguate, o che sfugge alla rappresentazione; in seconda istanza, la riflessione metaletteraria si collega a un tema preciso, ovvero l’omosessualità femminile e la sovversione dell’eteropatriarcato; infine, La figlia prodiga è un testo fortemente sperimentale che decostruisce modelli narrativi consolidati anche attraverso la frammentazione del testo in una serie continua di a capo, introducendo un elemento prosodico che tende all’oralità e aprendo a una potenzialità espressiva altrimenti negata nel testo.
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The article proposes a reading of Alice Ceresa’s La figlia prodiga (1967) through the lenses of the dissimulation of lesbianism and the subversion of the patriarchal symbolic order. While most critics have so far either ignored lesbianism or rejected its relevance to the interpretation of the figure of the prodigal daughter, I link the text’s formal experimentation to the question of the unspeakability of female homosexuality. I take the cue from Teresa de Lauretis’ groundbreaking reflections on Ceresa (DE LAURETIS 1996) to argue that, while it may not be necessary to include lesbianism within the concept of prodigality, much of the text loses its potency by not doing so. In fact, the prodigal daughter is not the lesbian, but rather a signifier that becomes available to represent a position lacking representation, which is lesbianism. The article focuses in particular on three elements that shed light on the original poetics of La figlia prodiga: first, its metaliterary reflection, which originates in the question of how to say something that cannot be said, or for which no adequate words exist, or which escapes representation; second, the metaliterary reflection is connected to a precise theme, i.e. female homosexuality and the subversion of the heteropatriarchy; and third, in response to the metaliterary question regarding the affordances of literature, La figlia prodiga constitutes a highly experimental work, which deconstructs established narrative models also by fragmenting the text through line breaks, which introduce a prosodic element leaning towards orality, opening up a potentiality of expression otherwise denied in the text
Positive Sexuality
Get PDFThe emergence of the sex positivity movement and increased attention to positive sexuality development in psychology (Harden, 2014) suggest the importance of considering messages that could enhance viewers\u27 sexuality (i.e., positive sexuality messages). Despite this, prior studies have largely overlooked such potentially beneficial messages. Particularly, existing content analytical work on sexuality messages on television has primarily focused on identifying harmful content, such as the reinforcement of sexual gender stereotypes (Aubrey et al., 2021). However, this narrow focus may not fully capture viewers\u27 actual experiences with television, especially in today\u27s context. In response, we introduced a new instrument for analyzing the presence of positive sexuality (PS) messages on television, drawing on theoretical frameworks of positive sexuality development in the literature (Maes et al., 2023).
Field of application/theoretical foundation:
The measurement instrument for positive sexuality (PS) messages draws upon theoretical frameworks concerning the development of positive sexuality (Harden, 2014; Maes et al., 2023). It comprises four key components. Firstly, a positive approach to sexual relationships emphasizes ethical and responsible behavior towards a partner\u27s sexuality, encompassing open and respectful communication about sexual topics, acceptance of sexual and emotional responsibilities, engagement in safe sexual practices, participation in mutually controllable interactions, and pursuit of mutually satisfying experiences. Secondly, acceptance of one\u27s sexuality involves embracing one\u27s own sexual feelings and desires. Thirdly, a respectful approach to the diverse sexual expressions of others entails responding respectfully to others\u27 sexual feelings, desires, or abilities. Lastly, resilience to negative sexuality-related experiences involves viewing adverse relational or sexual encounters, such as breakups, as opportunities for learning and emotional growth (Maes et al., 2023). This instrument enables the examination of PS messages within television series and movies at both the scene and character levels, facilitating analysis of message presence per scene and identification of PS components within individual television characters.
References/combination with other methods of data collection:
Prior research exists that has departed from a negative perspective when exploring the presence of sexuality messages on television. For instance, research has coded the inattention to sexual risks, responsibilities, and inconveniences (Aubrey, 2004), the presence of gender-stereotypical roles and the heterosexual script (Terán et al., 2022), and the presence of sexualizing practices on television (Ward, 2016). Yet, the presence of negative sexuality messages is entirely different from the presence of positive sexuality messages, with the latter departing from the theoretical conceptualization of developing a positive sexuality (e.g., Harden, 2014; Maes et al., 2023). Hence, these codes are not comparable. As for positive sexuality messages, content analytical work remains scarce. Döring and Miller (2022) pay attention to consent communication, though in the context of pornography. When it comes to television, so far only the study of Maes and Vandenbosch (2022) developed and tested the measurement instrument of positive sexuality messages on television. This measurement instrument has been used in their content analytical work and has been used to code storylines written down by adolescents in a longitudinal study (Maes et al., 2023).
Example study: Maes and Vandenbosch (2022)
Information on Maes and Vandenbosch (2022)
Authors: Chelly Maes, & Laura Vandenbosch
Research questions: RQ1: How frequently are PS messages depicted in the scenes and portrayed by the characters in youth-oriented series? RQ2: Are there differences in male and female characters’ portrayals of PS messages in popular youth-oriented series? RQ3: Are there differences in heterosexual and non-heterosexual characters’ portrayals of PS messages in popular youth-oriented series? RQ4: Are there differences in the occurrence of PS message depictions in the scenes and portrayals by the characters in youth comedies and dramas? RQ5: Is there a relation between positive and negative sexuality messages in the scenes in youth-oriented series?
Object of analysis: The codes were applied to explore the presence of PS messages in one season of six youth-oriented television series (Riverdale, 13 Reasons Why, Elite, Atypical, Sex Education, and Big Mouth). In total, 3,151 scenes and 126 characters were coded.
Time frame of analysis: 2021
Info about variables
Variables:
For clarity: character level data were coded separately per character and thus does not rely on aggregated data from the scene level data.
(1) For a positive approach to sexual relationships, four subcomponents can be coded in scenes. An open and mutually respectful communication style can be coded for the characters’ open and respectful dialogue about sexuality or relationships (e.g. absence of mocking or embarrassing another character). Safe sexual interactions can be coded for sexual behavior between sober partners (i.e. no illegal drug or excessive alcohol use) and contraceptive use. Mutually controllable sexual interactions can be coded for the occurrence of consensual sexual behavior. Mutually satisfying sexual interactions can be coded for the characters’ apparent enjoyment of or indications of consideration for their partner’s preferences regarding sexual behavior. At a character level, a character’s open and respectful dialogue about sexuality and relationships at least once during the season can be coded. Also, a character’s responsible behavior regarding their sexual health and/or others’ sexual health and feelings at least once during the entire season can be coded.
(2) Acceptance of one’s sexuality can only be coded at character level and not at scene level. It can be coded for the character’s acceptance of their sexual feelings, desires and/or skills at least once during the entire season.
(3) For a respectful approach to the different sexual expressions of others, the occurrence of a positive response to others’ expression of their sexual feelings, desires, or skills can be at a scene and character level (if the character showed this at least once throughout the season).
(4) Resilience to negative sexual experiences can be coded for the characters’ responses to negative sexual experiences by revolting, rationalizing, ignoring, or creating distractions at a scene level. For characters, a character’s insusceptibility to negative sexual experiences at least once during the season can be coded. Insusceptibility was demonstrated in revolt, rationalizing, ignoring, or distraction in response to negative sexual experiences.
Level of analysis: Television scenes and characters
Values: 0 = no occurrence in scenes/absent in characters/not resilient in characters, 1 = occurrence in scenes/present in characters/ resilient in characters
Reliability: The content analysis was conducted by four master’s students and the first author. Following established methods in content analysis (e.g., Jensen, 2010), the students underwent approximately three hours of rigorous training in coding before analyzing the sample. The first author provided comprehensive instruction on the components of the PS, elucidating their significance and the application of the codebook. Any queries or uncertainties regarding the categories were addressed and resolved during the training sessions. To refine their skills and troubleshoot issues within the codebook, the students collectively coded a separate episode, distinct from the sample. Adjustments to the codebook were made based on the encountered challenges and insights gained during this practice session. Following the training, each student independently coded the initial episode of every television series to assess inter-rater reliability. Krippendorff’s alpha was employed to evaluate inter-rater reliability for categorical variables, while accounting for chance (Krippendorff, 1980). Alpha values between .67 and .80 indicated substantial reliability, while values exceeding .80 indicated almost perfect reliability (Krippendorff, 1980). Across character and scene levels, Krippendorff’s alpha ranged from .7 to .9 for all categories, affirming the reliability of all coded variables.
Codebook: can be found via OSF https://osf.io/kbej6/?view_only=4661f7a877e94271be064256a9172047
References
Aubrey, J. S. (2004). Sex and punishment: An examination of sexual consequences and the sexual double standard in teen programming. Sex Roles, 50(7–8), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.1023/B: SERS.0000023070.87195.07
Döring, N., & Miller, D. J. (2021). Consent Communication (Portrayals of Sexuality in Pornography). DOCA-Database of Variables for Content Analysis. https://doi.org/10.34778/5s
Harden, K. P. (2014). A sex-positive framework for research on adolescent sexuality. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(5), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614535934
Jensen, R. E. (2010). A content analysis of youth sexualized language and imagery in adult film packaging, 1995–2007. Journal of Children and Media, 4(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 17482798.2010.51000
Krippendorff, K. (1980). Validity in content analysis. In E. Mochmann (Ed.), Computerstrategien für die kommunikationsanalyse (pp. 69–112). Frankfurt, Germany: Campus. Retrieved November 9, 2020, from http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/291
Maes, C., Schwertberger, U., Rieger, D., & Vandenbosch, L. (2023). Adolescents’ Remembering of Sexual Television Narratives and Their Relations with Positive Sexuality Components: A Biographic Resonance Perspective. Mass Communication and Society, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2023.2256316
Maes, C., Trekels, J., Impett, E., & Vandenbosch, L. (2023). The development of the positive sexuality in adolescence scale (PSAS). The Journal of Sex Research, 60(1), 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.2011826
Terán, L., Roberts, L., Yan, K., & Aubrey, J. S. (2022). Are we past the heterosexual script? A content analysis of contextual cues within the heterosexual script in tween, teen, and young adult television programs. Mass Communication and Society, 25(3), 361-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2021.1962912
Ward, L. M. (2016). Media and sexualization: State of empirical research, 1995–2015. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4-5), 560-577. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.114249