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Eugenio Coseriu: El problema del arte – Presentación y edición de un texto
No full textAmong the manuscripts and notes in the Coseriu Archive at the University of Tübingen, there are several ones dating probably from the first years of Coseriu’s activity in Montevideo in the 1950s that treat the “Problem of Art”, the philosophical issue of what art really is in its essence. Coseriu gave several talks on that subject, and in the archive we can find a series of notes that seem to have been the base for public presentations. We will present one of the most coherent ones in a transcription and with some comments. It can be said that El problema del arte is not only a coherent text on the essence of art but that it is also related to Coseriu’s thought in general: the problem of art is presented as a philosophical problem (what is art really?), it is discussed rejecting existing explanations and taking individual intuition as a starting point for explicit analysis and it is related to basic human universals we can also find in Coseriu’s theory of language such as the principle of creativity. This makes the text relevant not only for the history of aesthetics but also for the general conception Coseriu offers of different human activities.Entre los manuscritos y notas del Archivo Coseriu de la Universidad de Tubinga hay varios que probablemente datan de los primeros años de la actividad de Coseriu en Montevideo en la década de 1950 y que tratan del «problema del arte», la cuestión filosófica de qué es realmente el arte en su esencia. Coseriu dio varias charlas sobre ese tema, y en el archivo podemos encontrar una serie de notas que parecen haber sido la base para presentaciones públicas. Presentaremos una de las más coherentes en una transcripción y con algunos comentarios. Se puede decir que El problema del arte no solo es un texto coherente sobre la esencia del arte, sino que también está relacionado con el pensamiento de Coseriu en general: el problema del arte se presenta como un problema filosófico (¿qué es realmente el arte?), se discute rechazando las explicaciones existentes y tomando la intuición individual como punto de partida para un análisis explícito, y se relaciona con universales humanos básicos que también podemos encontrar en la teoría del lenguaje de Coseriu, como el principio de creatividad. Esto hace que el texto sea relevante no solo para la historia de la estética, sino también para la concepción general que Coseriu ofrece de las diferentes actividades humanas.Among the manuscripts and notes in the Coseriu Archive at the University of Tübingen, there are several ones dating probably from the first years of Coseriu’s activity in Montevideo in the 1950s that treat the “Problem of Art”, the philosophical issue of what art really is in its essence. Coseriu gave several talks on that subject, and in the archive we can find a series of notes that seem to have been the base for public presentations. We will present one of the most coherent ones in a transcription and with some comments. It can be said that El problema del arte is not only a coherent text on the essence of art but that it is also related to Coseriu’s thought in general: the problem of art is presented as a philosophical problem (what is art really?), it is discussed rejecting existing explanations and taking individual intuition as a starting point for explicit analysis and it is related to basic human universals we can also find in Coseriu’s theory of language such as the principle of creativity. This makes the text relevant not only for the history of aesthetics but also for the general conception Coseriu offers of different human activities.Among the manuscripts and notes in the Coseriu Archive at the University of Tübingen, there are several ones dating probably from the first years of Coseriu’s activity in Montevideo in the 1950s that treat the “Problem of Art”, the philosophical issue of what art really is in its essence. Coseriu gave several talks on that subject, and in the archive we can find a series of notes that seem to have been the base for public presentations. We will present one of the most coherent ones in a transcription and with some comments. It can be said that El problema del arte is not only a coherent text on the essence of art but that it is also related to Coseriu’s thought in general: the problem of art is presented as a philosophical problem (what is art really?), it is discussed rejecting existing explanations and taking individual intuition as a starting point for explicit analysis and it is related to basic human universals we can also find in Coseriu’s theory of language such as the principle of creativity. This makes the text relevant not only for the history of aesthetics but also for the general conception Coseriu offers of different human activities.Among the manuscripts and notes in the Coseriu Archive at the University of Tübingen, there are several ones dating probably from the first years of Coseriu’s activity in Montevideo in the 1950s that treat the “Problem of Art”, the philosophical issue of what art really is in its essence. Coseriu gave several talks on that subject, and in the archive we can find a series of notes that seem to have been the base for public presentations. We will present one of the most coherent ones in a transcription and with some comments. It can be said that El problema del arte is not only a coherent text on the essence of art but that it is also related to Coseriu’s thought in general: the problem of art is presented as a philosophical problem (what is art really?), it is discussed rejecting existing explanations and taking individual intuition as a starting point for explicit analysis and it is related to basic human universals we can also find in Coseriu’s theory of language such as the principle of creativity. This makes the text relevant not only for the history of aesthetics but also for the general conception Coseriu offers of different human activities.Among the manuscripts and notes in the Coseriu Archive at the University of Tübingen, there are several ones dating probably from the first years of Coseriu’s activity in Montevideo in the 1950s that treat the “Problem of Art”, the philosophical issue of what art really is in its essence. Coseriu gave several talks on that subject, and in the archive we can find a series of notes that seem to have been the base for public presentations. We will present one of the most coherent ones in a transcription and with some comments. It can be said that El problema del arte is not only a coherent text on the essence of art but that it is also related to Coseriu’s thought in general: the problem of art is presented as a philosophical problem (what is art really?), it is discussed rejecting existing explanations and taking individual intuition as a starting point for explicit analysis and it is related to basic human universals we can also find in Coseriu’s theory of language such as the principle of creativity. This makes the text relevant not only for the history of aesthetics but also for the general conception Coseriu offers of different human activities.Among the manuscripts and notes in the Coseriu Archive at the University of Tübingen, there are several ones dating probably from the first years of Coseriu’s activity in Montevideo in the 1950s that treat the “Problem of Art”, the philosophical issue of what art really is in its essence. Coseriu gave several talks on that subject, and in the archive we can find a series of notes that seem to have been the base for public presentations. We will present one of the most coherent ones in a transcription and with some comments. It can be said that El problema del arte is not only a coherent text on the essence of art but that it is also related to Coseriu’s thought in general: the problem of art is presented as a philosophical problem (what is art really?), it is discussed rejecting existing explanations and taking individual intuition as a starting point for explicit analysis and it is related to basic human universals we can also find in Coseriu’s theory of language such as the principle of creativity. This makes the text relevant not only for the history of aesthetics but also for the general conception Coseriu offers of different human activities
Effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing patient anxiety before and after the extraction of third molars under local anaesthesia: a randomised study
No full textAnxiety related to dental care remains widespread. It has been demonstrated to be a significant factor in the failure of local anaesthesia. Effectively managing this anxiety is key to ensuring the success of the procedure. VR has recently emerged in the medical field as a new non-pharmacological tool to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing various procedures. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of VR in reducing the anxiety experienced by patients during the extraction of wisdom teeth under local anaesthesia. This study was a prospective, single-centre, controlled, open-label study, randomized into two balanced parallel groups. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of VR in reducing anxiety during the extraction of three or more than three wisdom teeth under local anaesthesia. The aim was to demonstrate a difference of at least 1.5 points on a 10-point scale between the VR group and the control group. 105 patients were included. 53 in the control group and 52 in the intervention group. Statistically, no significant difference was observed between the intervention group and the control group regarding the mean change in anxiety between the preoperative and postoperative periods ( -1.8 ± 3.5 for the intervention group versus -1.6 ± 4.1 for the control group; P = 0.75). Further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of VR glasses in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing the extraction of third molars under local anaesthesia
Qui a évalué cela ? Approches pour une intégration responsable des grands modèles linguistiques dans la révision par les pairs d\u27articles dentaires spécialisés
No full textThe introduction and advancement of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Google Gemini, present both opportunities and challenges for peer review in dental research. In this article, we propose a framework to inform the discourse on the responsible use of LLMs in dental peer review. We conducted a cross-sectional review of peer review policies from the top 50 dental journals, based on their 2024 Journal Impact Factor, to assess current guidance on LLM use. Our analysis revealed variability across dental journals: some journals permit restricted LLM use under specific conditions, while many either prohibit their use or lack explicit policies. Key concerns regarding LLM use identified by the authors include potential breaches of confidentiality, ambiguity in authorship, reduced reviewer accountability, and inherent limitations of LLMs in terms of domainspecific expertise and factual accuracy. Our proposed framework addresses confidentiality safeguards, suggested appropriate LLM applications, areas requiring caution, disclosure requirements, and accountability standards. It emphasizes that reviewers retain full responsibility for all submitted content, irrespective of LLM assistance. To protect confidentiality, the framework encourages offline or locally hosted LLMs. It also recommends regular policy reviews and reviewer training. This framework aims to support the thoughtful adoption of LLMs in dental research publishing. When employed judiciously, LLMs offer potential benefits in improving review clarity and efficiency, particularly for reviewers writing in a non-native language. However, their use must be grounded in clear ethical principles to ensure the integrity of dental peer review.Einleitung
Der Einsatz grosser Sprachmodelle (GSM) wie ChatGPT, Claude, DeepSeek oder Google Gemini nimmt in der Wissenschaft stetig zu – auch im Bereich der Zahnmedizin. Diese Modelle bieten Potenzial, die Qualität und Effizienz von Peer-Reviews zu verbessern, insbesondere bei Sprachbarrieren. Gleichzeitig wirft ihre Nutzung ethische und praktische Fragen auf, insbesondere in Bezug auf Vertraulichkeit, Verantwortlichkeit und Transparenz. Zwar können GSM zur sprachlichen Optimierung von Peer-Review-Berichten beitragen, doch mangelt es ihnen an der notwendigen fachspezifischen Expertise, um wissenschaftliche Inhalte sachgerecht zu bewerten. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuellen Richtlinien führender zahnmedizinischer Fachzeitschriften zur GSM-Nutzung zu geben und ein praxisorientiertes Rahmenkonzept für deren verantwortungsvollen Einsatz im Peer-Review-Prozess in der Zahnmedizin zu entwickeln.
Material und MethodenIm Zeitraum vom 22. bis 24. Juli 2025 wurden die Peer-Review-Richtlinien der 50 zahnmedizinischen Fachzeitschriften mit dem höchsten Journal Impact Factor (2024) systematisch analysiert. Die Untersuchung umfasste öffentlich zugängliche Informationen auf den Webseiten der Fachzeitschriften sowie Richtlinien der zugehörigen Verlage. Berücksichtigt wurden öffentlich zugängliche Informationen auf den Webseiten der Fachzeitschriften sowie ergänzende Vorgaben der jeweiligen Verlage. Untersucht wurden unter anderem der Peer-Review-Modus, Regelungen zur Vertraulichkeit, explizite Erwähnungen von GSM, erlaubte oder untersagte Nutzung, Offenlegungspflichten sowie Regelungen zur Verantwortlichkeit. Die Ergebnisse wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet und dienten als Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines Rahmenkonzepts.
ResultateVon den 50 analysierten Fachzeitschriften erwähnten 43 (86 %) GSM oder künstliche Intelligenz explizit in ihren Richtlinien. 26 Fachzeitschriften (52 %) gestatteten den Einsatz von GSM unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen, 19 (38 %) untersagten die Nutzung vollständig, und 5 (10 %) enthielten keine klaren Regelungen. In den Fällen, in denen GSM zugelassen waren, war der Einsatz auf sprachliche Korrekturen und strukturelle Verbesserungen beschränkt – nicht jedoch auf inhaltliche oder wissenschaftliche Bewertungen. In 92 % der Fälle war bei erlaubtem Einsatz eine transparente Offenlegung der Nutzung verpflichtend. Die inhaltliche Verantwortung für die Begutachtung lag in allen Fällen weiterhin ausschliesslich beim menschlichen Reviewer. Die Analyse identifizierte zentrale Risiken wie potenzielle Datenschutzverletzungen, intransparente Autorschaft, fehlerhafte Inhalte, fehlende fachspezifische Kompetenz und eine unkontrollierte Nutzung ohne Offenlegung.
DiskussionDie Ergebnisse verdeutlichen eine hohe Heterogenität in den Richtlinien zur GSM-Nutzung innerhalb zahnmedizinischer Fachzeitschriften. Daraus ergibt sich ein klarer Handlungsbedarf für die Entwicklung harmonisierter, regelmässig aktualisierter und disziplinspezifischer Leitlinien. Das vorgeschlagene Rahmenkonzept basiert auf fünf zentralen Prinzipien: (1) Reviewer müssen fachlich qualifiziert und persönlich für den Review-Inhalt verantwortlich bleiben; (2) Manuskripte dürfen nicht an online-basierte GSM übermittelt werden – nur lokal oder offline betriebene Modelle (z. B. GPT4ALL, Nomic AI, New York, NY, USA) sind datenschutzrechtlich weniger risikobehaftet; (3) jegliche Nutzung von GSM ist transparent offenzulegen; (4) der Einsatz darf sich ausschliesslich auf sprachliche und strukturelle Optimierung beschränken; (5) fachspezifische Schulungen sowie standardisierte Offenlegungsprozesse sollten etabliert werden. Diese Massnahmen können zur Wahrung der Integrität, wissenschaftlichen Strenge und Nachhaltigkeit des Peer-Review-Systems in der Zahnmedizin beitragen.IntroductionL’utilisation croissante des grands modèles de langage (LLM, Large Language Models) tels que ChatGPT, Claude, DeepSeek ou Google Gemini dans les milieux scientifiques, y compris en médecine dentaire, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives, notamment en matière d’amélioration de la qualité et de l’efficacité du processus de relecture par les pairs. Ces outils peuvent faciliter la rédaction, particulièrement lorsque des barrières linguistiques existent. Toutefois, leur intégration soulève des questions éthiques et pratiques majeures, notamment en ce qui concerne la confidentialité des données, la responsabilité individuelle du réviseur, et la transparence du processus. Bien que les LLM puissent contribuer à l’amélioration linguistique des rapports d’évaluation, ils ne disposent pas de l’expertise disciplinaire requise pour évaluer rigoureusement le contenu scientifique. Cette étude vise à examiner les politiques éditoriales actuelles des principales revues dentaires spécialisées concernant l’usage des LLM, et à proposer un cadre conceptuel pour leur intégration responsable dans l’évaluation scientifique.
Matériels et méthodesUne analyse systématique a été réalisée entre le 22 et le 24 juillet 2025 sur les politiques éditoriales de 50 revues dentaires spécialisées, sélectionnées selon leur facteur d’impact (2024). Les données ont été extraites à partir des sites web officiels des revues, ainsi que des lignes directrices générales de leurs maisons d’édition. Les critères étudiés comprenaient : le modèle de relecture par les pairs, les exigences en matière de confidentialité, la mention explicite de l’intelligence artificielle ou des LLM, les autorisations ou interdictions d’usage, les obligations de divulgation, et les clauses de responsabilité. Les données ont été analysées de manière descriptive et ont servi de base à la formulation d’un cadre de recommandations.
RésultatsParmi les 50 revues analysées, 43 (86 %) mentionnaient explicitement les LLM ou l’intelligence artificielle dans leurs politiques éditoriales. 26 revues (52 %) autorisaient l’utilisation des LLM sous conditions, 19 (38 %) l’interdisaient formellement, et 5 (10 %) ne formulaient aucune position claire. Lorsque l’usage était autorisé, il était strictement limité à des tâches non évaluatives telles que la correction linguistique ou l’amélioration structurelle du texte. Dans 92 % des cas d’autorisation, la divulgation explicite de l’usage des LLM était exigée. La responsabilité de l’évaluation restait, dans tous les cas, entièrement assumée par le réviseur humain. Les risques identifiés incluent notamment des atteintes à la confidentialité, un flou sur l’attribution de la paternité intellectuelle, des erreurs de contenu, un manque d’expertise disciplinaire, et un usage non déclaré des outils.
DiscussionLes résultats révèlent une hétérogénéité marquée dans les politiques éditoriales concernant l’usage des LLM dans les revues de médecine dentaire. Cela souligne la nécessité urgente de lignes directrices harmonisées, actualisées régulièrement et adaptées au contexte disciplinaire. Le cadre proposé repose sur cinq principes fondamentaux : (1) les évaluateurs doivent disposer de l’expertise nécessaire et demeurer responsables du contenu de leur rapport ; (2) les manuscrits ne doivent pas être introduits dans des interfaces LLM en ligne – seuls des modèles hors ligne ou localement hébergés (ex. : GPT4ALL, Nomic AI, New York, NY, USA) sont acceptables ; (3) toute utilisation d’un LLM doit faire l’objet d’une divulgation transparente ; (4) l’usage doit se limiter à l’optimisation linguistique ou structurelle, sans évaluation du contenu scientifique ; (5) des formations spécifiques et des procédures normalisées de divulgation doivent être mises en œuvre. Ces mesures peuvent contribuer à préserver l\u27intégrité, la rigueur scientifique et la durabilité du système d\u27évaluation par les pairs en médecine dentaire
Grounding the Comparative Turn in Communications: A Framework for ValidatingMultilingual Computational Text Analysis
No full textFollowing the progressing internationalisation of social science research and the computational turn in the field, researchers are increasingly adopting computational text analysis (CTA) methods to compare textual data across multiple cases and languages. In these settings, it is not only the mapping between construct and measures that requires validation, but also the equivalence of this mapping across languages and cases. However, although the validation requirements in multilingual analyses exceed those in monolingual studies, current research shows that validation is often insufficiently and inconsistently addressed in comparative multilingual CTA. To support more robust comparative research, this article presents a framework for validating findings obtained from multilingual textual data. The framework outlines validation strategies for four key stages of a typical multilingual CTA workflow: corpus, input data, process, and output. It directly tackles the challenge of approaching equivalence across contexts and languages in these stages and moves beyond the common practice of identifying problems only at the final stage of research.
Wie grabsteinfeindlich war die Zürcher Reformation?
No full textIn literature, there are often references to hostility towards gravestones and to gravestone bans during the Zurich Reformation. The aim of this contribution was to examine the sources that led to these judgements more critically. In conclusion, Zwingli’s suggestions were not directed against gravestones in general. Moreover, his recommendation to build common cemeteries for all in front of the city was not followed in these times. Although a council mandate (dated 1525) stipulated removal of existing gravestones, this prohibition was not dealing with future gravestones, and it seems not to have been followed strictly either. Though Zwingli has been suspected as the initiator of the decree by some authors, this cannot be proven on the basis of the data, and motives not directly related to reformational concerns may have played some role as well. However, endeavor to eliminate visible marks of "old faith" is in line with the overall course of public space and order transformation during the reformation period and emerging era of confessionalization in Zurich.In literature, there are often references to hostility towards gravestones and to gravestone bans during the Zurich Reformation. The aim of this contribution was to examine the sources that led to these judgements more critically. In conclusion, Zwingli’s suggestions were not directed against gravestones in general. Moreover, his recommendation to build common cemeteries for all in front of the city was not followed in these times. Although a council mandate (dated 1525) stipulated removal of existing gravestones, this prohibition was not dealing with future gravestones, and it seems not to have been followed strictly either. Though Zwingli has been suspected as the initiator of the decree by some authors, this cannot be proven on the basis of the data, and motives not directly related to reformational concerns may have played some role as well. However, endeavor to eliminate visible marks of "old faith" is in line with the overall course of public space and order transformation during the reformation period and emerging era of confessionalization in Zurich
Armin Sierszyn, Frommes Zürich: Pietismus in der Zürcher Kirche vom 17. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Evangelischen Gesellschaft und der Evangelisch-kirchlichen Vereinigung, 2023
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Stephen B. Tipton. The Ground, Method, and Goal of Amandus Polanus’ (1561–1610) Doctrine of God: A Historical and Contextual Analysis, 2022
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Werkstattbericht zum Dissertationsprojekt über die drei frühsten Texte von Ulrich Zwingli
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More of the same or manifold perspectives? A systematic review of research on politicians’ use of social media
Full text linkThe increasing importance of social media in political communication since Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign has led to a highly productive, dynamic, and ever-growing field of scholars researching the use of social media by politicians. However, academic literature in recent years has also featured debates about the heterogeneity of research in this area. It is commonly assumed and critically discussed that these studies primarily revolve around a U.S. context and use Twitter as a primary source of data, and that research time frames focus on election campaigns and neglect communication outside of election times. Yet, we still lack the data to support these assumptions. Against this background, we systematically analyze, document, and discuss the diversity of existing research on politicians’ use of social media between 2004 and 2020. In this context, we investigate the research objects of the existing studies, the theoretical backgrounds and methods used, and where they were conducted
Auf dem Weg in die Neuzeit: Studien zur Philosophie an der Universität Basel
Full text linkDie vorliegenden Studien widmen sich dem besonderen Weg, den die Philosophie an der Universität Basel in die Neuzeit genommen hat. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Fallanalysen, die anhand von vier prägenden Persönlichkeiten und vier thematischen Schwerpunkten zentrale Stationen dieser Entwicklung nachzeichnen.
Die vier Persönlichkeiten sind Erasmus von Rotterdam (Kap. I), der katholische Reformdenker und Humanist, der über viele Jahre in Basel wirkte und das intellektuelle Klima der Stadt massgeblich prägte, Johannes Oekolampad (Kap. II), der Reformator der Basler Kirche, Petrus Ramus (Kap. III), der französische Aristoteleskritiker, der als Glaubensflüchtling in Basel Asyl fand und dessen Denken an der Universität Basel bis ins 17. Jahrhundert nachwirkte, und schliesslich Samuel Werenfels (Kap. VIII), ein früher Vertreter der Aufklärung in Basel. Diese vier Persönlichkeiten stehen exemplarisch für unterschiedliche Phasen des Weges in die Neuzeit.
Die vier thematischen Kapitel beleuchten wichtige Etappen des Weges der Emanzipation der Philosophie – zum einen von der Theologie, zum anderen von der aristotelischen Scholastik. Im Fokus stehen dabei der Anspruch der Philosophie, die Gottesfrage nicht mehr im Horizont des Glaubens, sondern allein innerhalb der Grenzen der Vernunft zu behandeln (Kap. IV und V), die Rezeption der cartesischen Philosophie (Kap. VI), deren Ausbreitung in Basel durch den Einfluss von Ramus begünstigt wurde und die das Ende der aristotelischen Scholastik in Basel besiegelte, sowie die Aufwertung der Geschichtswissenschaft zu einer eigenständigen akademischen Disziplin (Kap. VII) – ein Wandel, der sich institutionell in der Ablösung der Professur für das Organum Aristotelicum durch einen Lehrstuhl für Geschichte niederschlug.
Mit ihrem spezifischen Zugriff leisten die vorliegenden Studien einen Beitrag zur Erforschung der intellektuellen Transformationsprozesse im frühneuzeitlichen Europa und zeigen exemplarisch, wie sich die Philosophie im universitären Kontext neu positionierte