HOPE (Hauptbibliothek Open Publishing Environment)
Not a member yet
5698 research outputs found
Sort by
Review of: Funck, B. Johanna (2024): Migration and the Right to Education. The Role of Residence Status in Access to the School System. Bielefeld: transcript: 354 PAGES, ISBN: 978-3-8376-7302-9, PRINT: 50,00 €, OPEN ACCESS
No full textIn ihrer Dissertationsschrift „Migration und Recht auf Bildung. Die Rolle des Aufenthaltsstatus beim Zugang zum Schulsystem“ untersucht B. Johanna Funck die Umsetzung des Rechts auf Bildung im Kontext von Migration und unterschiedlichen aufenthaltsrechtlichen Positionen. Die qualitative Studie, die auf empirischen Daten aus der Stadtgemeinde Bremen Mitte der 2010er-Jahre basiert, bricht dabei mit defizitorientierten Diskursen über sogenannte „Eltern mit Migrationshintergrund“ und rückt die Perspektiven und Erfahrungen migrierter Eltern als handlungsfähige, aktive Akteur*innen in den Vordergrund. Mit einem multiperspektivischen „Follow-the-People“-Ansatz analysiert Funck differenziert Schulzugangs- und platzierungsprozesse und zeigt auf, dass neben der Verfügbarkeit von Schulplätzen auch Faktoren wie struktureller Rassismus und Klassismus auf dem Wohnungsmarkt oder fehlendes Wissen über Bildungsrechte maßgeblich den Zugang zu Bildung beeinflussen.In her dissertation, "Migration and the Right to Education: The Role of Residency Status in Access to the School System", B. Johanna Funck examines the implementation of the right to education in the context of migration and varying residency statuses. This qualitative study, based on empirical data from the city of Bremen in the mid-2010s, challenges deficit-oriented discourses surrounding so-called "parents with a migration background" by foregrounding the perspectives and experiences of migrant parents as active agents. Through a multiperspective "Follow-the-People" approach, Funck provides a nuanced analysis of school access and placement processes, revealing that, in addition to the availability of school places, factors such as structural racism and classism in the housing market or a lack of knowledge about educational rights significantly influence access to education
Apuntes sobre el estándar del Río de la Plata
No full textWithin the theoretical framework inspired by Coserian functionalism, this article aims to show, for the case of Rioplatense Spanish, that varieties constitute a continuum within regional, representational and historical spaces, and this crossover must be described in order to understand the functioning of this variety as a regional standard. The article focuses on the analysis of Rioplatense to illustrate the methodological productivity entailed in understanding the concepts of "reference standard" and "empirical standard" as mobile and diffuse categories. The paper shows some features of this non-dominant variety, which at the same time has a strong projection at the national level and even on the Spanish regional space. In order to highlight the crossover variables, firstly the article provides a brief context of speakers\u27 attitudes towards the variety, and later presents four current cases in which the Rioplatense linguistic standard is tensioned by a cluster of factors: the transfer of the Spanish proficiency exam CELU from an Argentine public institution to a private peninsular agency; the attention to the Real Academia Española in the Argentine national linguistic legislation; the differentiated processes of linguistic identification that Argentine speakers manifest before the Spanish of dubbing; and, finally, the management of non-normative spelling ruled by the new technologies of the written word.Within the theoretical framework inspired by Coserian functionalism, this article aims to show, for the case of Rioplatense Spanish, that varieties constitute a continuum within regional, representational and historical spaces, and this crossover must be described in order to understand the functioning of this variety as a regional standard. The article focuses on the analysis of Rioplatense to illustrate the methodological productivity entailed in understanding the concepts of "reference standard" and "empirical standard" as mobile and diffuse categories. The paper shows some features of this non-dominant variety, which at the same time has a strong projection at the national level and even on the Spanish regional space. In order to highlight the crossover variables, firstly the article provides a brief context of speakers\u27 attitudes towards the variety, and later presents four current cases in which the Rioplatense linguistic standard is tensioned by a cluster of factors: the transfer of the Spanish proficiency exam CELU from an Argentine public institution to a private peninsular agency; the attention to the Real Academia Española in the Argentine national linguistic legislation; the differentiated processes of linguistic identification that Argentine speakers manifest before the Spanish of dubbing; and, finally, the management of non-normative spelling ruled by the new technologies of the written word.En el marco de la lingüística de las variedades de corte alemán inspirada en el funcionalismo coseriano, este artículo se propone mostrar para el caso de la variedad rioplatense que las variedades constituyen un continuo dentro de espacios regionales, representacionales e históricos y es ese cruce que debe ser descripto a la hora de dar cuenta del funcionamiento de esta variedad como estándar regional. El artículo hace foco en esta variedad como ejemplo de la productividad metodológica que conlleva entender los conceptos de estándar de referencia y estándar empírico como categorías móviles y difusas. El trabajo muestra algunas particularidades de esta variedad no-dominante que al mismo tiempo tiene gran proyección en el nivel nacional e incluso del espacio regional del español. Para poner en evidencia las variables de cruce, expone, en primer lugar, un breve contexto de las actitudes de los hablantes hacia la variedad, y luego presenta cuatro casos actuales en los que el vínculo entre el estándar lingüístico rioplatense se encuentra tensionado en un haz de factores: el traspaso del examen de proficiencia en español CELU desde una institución pública argentina hacia una agencia privada peninsular; la atención a la Real Academia Española en la legislación lingüística nacional argentina; los procesos diferenciados de identificación lingüística que manifiestan los hablantes argentinos ante el español del doblaje; y, por último, la gestión de ortografías no normativas regidas por las nuevas tecnologías de la palabra escrita.Within the theoretical framework inspired by Coserian functionalism, this article aims to show, for the case of Rioplatense Spanish, that varieties constitute a continuum within regional, representational and historical spaces, and this crossover must be described in order to understand the functioning of this variety as a regional standard. The article focuses on the analysis of Rioplatense to illustrate the methodological productivity entailed in understanding the concepts of "reference standard" and "empirical standard" as mobile and diffuse categories. The paper shows some features of this non-dominant variety, which at the same time has a strong projection at the national level and even on the Spanish regional space. In order to highlight the crossover variables, firstly the article provides a brief context of speakers\u27 attitudes towards the variety, and later presents four current cases in which the Rioplatense linguistic standard is tensioned by a cluster of factors: the transfer of the Spanish proficiency exam CELU from an Argentine public institution to a private peninsular agency; the attention to the Real Academia Española in the Argentine national linguistic legislation; the differentiated processes of linguistic identification that Argentine speakers manifest before the Spanish of dubbing; and, finally, the management of non-normative spelling ruled by the new technologies of the written word.Within the theoretical framework inspired by Coserian functionalism, this article aims to show, for the case of Rioplatense Spanish, that varieties constitute a continuum within regional, representational and historical spaces, and this crossover must be described in order to understand the functioning of this variety as a regional standard. The article focuses on the analysis of Rioplatense to illustrate the methodological productivity entailed in understanding the concepts of "reference standard" and "empirical standard" as mobile and diffuse categories. The paper shows some features of this non-dominant variety, which at the same time has a strong projection at the national level and even on the Spanish regional space. In order to highlight the crossover variables, firstly the article provides a brief context of speakers\u27 attitudes towards the variety, and later presents four current cases in which the Rioplatense linguistic standard is tensioned by a cluster of factors: the transfer of the Spanish proficiency exam CELU from an Argentine public institution to a private peninsular agency; the attention to the Real Academia Española in the Argentine national linguistic legislation; the differentiated processes of linguistic identification that Argentine speakers manifest before the Spanish of dubbing; and, finally, the management of non-normative spelling ruled by the new technologies of the written word.Within the theoretical framework inspired by Coserian functionalism, this article aims to show, for the case of Rioplatense Spanish, that varieties constitute a continuum within regional, representational and historical spaces, and this crossover must be described in order to understand the functioning of this variety as a regional standard. The article focuses on the analysis of Rioplatense to illustrate the methodological productivity entailed in understanding the concepts of "reference standard" and "empirical standard" as mobile and diffuse categories. The paper shows some features of this non-dominant variety, which at the same time has a strong projection at the national level and even on the Spanish regional space. In order to highlight the crossover variables, firstly the article provides a brief context of speakers\u27 attitudes towards the variety, and later presents four current cases in which the Rioplatense linguistic standard is tensioned by a cluster of factors: the transfer of the Spanish proficiency exam CELU from an Argentine public institution to a private peninsular agency; the attention to the Real Academia Española in the Argentine national linguistic legislation; the differentiated processes of linguistic identification that Argentine speakers manifest before the Spanish of dubbing; and, finally, the management of non-normative spelling ruled by the new technologies of the written word.Within the theoretical framework inspired by Coserian functionalism, this article aims to show, for the case of Rioplatense Spanish, that varieties constitute a continuum within regional, representational and historical spaces, and this crossover must be described in order to understand the functioning of this variety as a regional standard. The article focuses on the analysis of Rioplatense to illustrate the methodological productivity entailed in understanding the concepts of "reference standard" and "empirical standard" as mobile and diffuse categories. The paper shows some features of this non-dominant variety, which at the same time has a strong projection at the national level and even on the Spanish regional space. In order to highlight the crossover variables, firstly the article provides a brief context of speakers\u27 attitudes towards the variety, and later presents four current cases in which the Rioplatense linguistic standard is tensioned by a cluster of factors: the transfer of the Spanish proficiency exam CELU from an Argentine public institution to a private peninsular agency; the attention to the Real Academia Española in the Argentine national linguistic legislation; the differentiated processes of linguistic identification that Argentine speakers manifest before the Spanish of dubbing; and, finally, the management of non-normative spelling ruled by the new technologies of the written word
«Sulla terra dell’irregolarità»: viaggio intorno ai “vent’anni” de La figlia prodiga
No full textL’articolo intende esplorare la produzione di Alice Ceresa precedente agli anni Sessanta per porla in dialogo con La figlia prodiga, pubblicata nel 1967 e vincitrice del premio Viareggio Opera Prima nello stesso anno. Più volte l’autrice ci ha parlato di una lunga stesura per il suo testo d’esordio, che sarebbe l’esito di un lavoro di vent’anni e di tre riscritture. Attraverso un preliminare approccio di tipo cronologico, si cercherà di individuare le “tre versioni” e quindi di ricostruirne consistenza e datazione sfruttando le evidenze presenti nelle carte private e inedite del fondo di Ceresa in ASL (Archivio Svizzero di Letteratura di Berna). In particolare si illustrerà il processo redazionale di Il ratto delle Sabine, inedito a cui Ceresa lavorò almeno per una decina d’anni e che, nella prospettiva della presente ricerca, assume un ruolo fondamentale. Un’analisi critica tenterà poi di legare aspetti esperienziali e riflessioni personali dell’autrice nei riguardi della letteratura, tenendo necessariamente in considerazione anche il cambiamento – esistenziale, sociale, culturale – che, soprattutto nel secondo Novecento, scuote la tradizione e fa emergere nuove soggettività femminili. Questa sarà infatti la lente per cogliere ulteriori analogie e rimandi tematici nelle diverse redazioni del Ratto e ci porterà a La figlia prodiga. In questo modo, infine, si proveranno a chiarire anche i confini e i motivi dello sperimentalismo ceresiano, valutando lo sforzo che Ceresa compie, mentre si interroga sulla possibilità di una scrittura delle donne, nel tentativo di trovare una propria voce.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This article intends to explore Alice Ceresa’s production before the 1960s to place it in dialogue with La figlia prodiga, published in 1967 and winner of the Viareggio Opera Prima prize in the same year. The author has repeatedly spoken of a long draft for her debut text, which would be the outcome of twenty years of work and the third rewriting of the same work. Through a preliminary chronological approach, an attempt will be made to identify the “three versions” and thus to reconstruct their consistency and dating by exploiting the evidence present in the private and unpublished papers of Ceresa’s fund in ASL (Swiss Literary Archives in Bern). In particular, the editorial process of the Il ratto delle Sabine will be illustrated, an unpublished work on which Ceresa worked for at least a decade and which, in the perspective of the present research, assumes a fundamental role. Space will then be given to a more critical analysis that will attempt to link experiential aspects of Ceresa’s life and the author’s reflections on literature, necessarily also taking into consideration the change – existential, social, cultural – that, especially in the second half of the 20th century, shook tradition and made new female subjectivities emerge. This will be the lens through which to grasp further analogies and thematic cross-references in the different draftings of Il ratto delle Sabine and which will lead us to La figlia prodiga. In this way, finally, we will also try to clarify the boundaries and motives of Ceresian experimentalism, assessed from a perspective that cannot ignore, precisely, the effort that Ceresa makes as she questions the possibility of women’s writing in an attempt to find her own voice
Care Pathway of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE): A Qualitative Study on the Experiences and Needs of Patients and Physicians
No full textDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are prevalent diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of patients and physicians within the care pathway of DVT and PE. Ensuring care pathways match patients’ and physicians’ needs, could positively impact therapy adherence and patient satisfaction. Participants were 34 patients and 18 physicians. The qualitative focus groups occurred face-to-face and on an online discussion forum, utilising a predefined topic list. Focus group transcripts were analysed through deductive thematic analysis. Patients and physicians shared similar needs and experiences with information provision and shared decision making. Differences emerged regarding the adequacy of information provided, follow-up and monitoring of residual complaints, and personalised care. Generally, patients expressed higher levels of dissatisfaction compared to physicians. Our findings reveal a disparity between the perceived quality of care by physicians and patients, with patients expressing needs that diverge from physicians\u27 assumptions. Patients need psychological support following DVT and PE, whereas physicians focus on physical recovery. Treatment intensity could be adjusted to align with patients\u27 preferences. These findings highlight the potential for optimising care for patients and ensuring better outcomes in the management of DVT and PE
Climate Change Doom Communication From a Fear Appeal Perspective
No full textIn the context of climate change communication through mass media, doom framings emphasising negative consequences have become prevalent. While these framings hold the potential to influence both adaptive (such as sustainable intentions) and maladaptive responses (such as resistance), their specific effects in the context of climate change remain unclear. In two experimental studies (N = 154; N = 368), we examined the impact of high-threat communication compared to low-threat communication on a wide range of responses aimed at addressing climate change. No differences were found between high-threat and low-threat communication on adaptive responses (i.e., intentions, acceptance of policies, and motivation) or maladaptive responses (i.e., climate change scepticism, reactance, avoidance, rationalisation, or denial of guilt). The prolonged exposure to and frequency of climate change (doom) messages might be an explanation for why threat did not influence responses
Press Sections in Online Newspapers (Formats and Genre)
Get PDFThe following press sections are a collection that emerged from an inductive-deductive analysis of 26 periodicals from Germany, South Africa and the US. Overlaps on big topics were found and sub-topics assigned accordingly (Pentzold & Knorr, 2024).
Field of Application/Theoretical Foundation
Journalists usually publish their articles in topic-specific sections. The decision on the section, i.e., the journalistic placement within a thematic context, can already be seen as part of framing (preframing) on the part of the publishers, journalists and the recipients (Scheufele, 2004).
Example studies: Pentzold & Knorr (2024) & Wessler et al. (2016)
Information on Wesser et al., 2016
Authors: Hartmut Wessler, Antal Wozniak, Lutz Hofer, and Julia Lück
Research questions: Which topics and frames as well as which visual elements such as photos, diagrams and graphics are present in the press reporting on climate change in the context of four UN climate conferences (2010-2013), in different countries and coming from different journalists?
Object of analysis: A comparative issue-specific multimodal news frame analysis of climate change coverage around the UN Climate Change Conferences in Cancún, Mexico (COP 16, 2010), Durban, South Africa (COP 17, 2011), Doha, Qatar (COP 18, 2012), and Warsaw, Poland (COP 19, 2013). Both textual and visual content elements were analyzed and then incorporated into a joint cluster analysis.
Time frame of analysis: Event-based sampling around the UN Climate Change Conferences in Cancún, Mexico (COP 16, 2010); Durban, South Africa (COP 17, 2011); Doha, Qatar (COP 18, 2012); and Warsaw, Poland (COP 19, 2013).
Analyzed media type: Newspapers from five countries: Brazil (Folha de Sao Paolo, O Globo), Germany (Süddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung), India (Times of India, The Hindu), South Africa (Daily Sun, The Star), the United States (New York Times, Washington Post)
Information about variable:
Variable/name definition: Section of newspaper / magazine / news website [Section]
Scale: Nominal
Level of analysis: News article
Sample operationalization: The position of the press article was coded, referring to its placement in the overall press outlet (front page, inside the newspaper, commentaries etc. distinguishable by distinct layout features such as a different font for headlines and the naming of authors).
Values: 1 Politics; 2 Economy / Business; 3 Opinion / Letters to the editor; 4 Culture & Arts / Feuilleton / Media; 5 Local news; 6 Science/Technology; 7 Environment; 8 Miscellaneous /Human interest; 9 Supplement with editorial responsibility of media outlet; 997 Other; 998 Unclear; 999 Not applicable
Reliability: In sum, intercoder reliability achieved at least a .70 level (six coders).
Codebook: Wessler et al. (2016)
Information on Pentzold & Knorr, 2024
Authors: Christian Pentzold and Charlotte Knorr
Research questions: With which imaginaries do journalistic reports make sense of Big Data? (RQ1) How do these imaginaries evolve over time? (RQ2) To what extent are the imaginaries similar or different across countries? (RQ3)
Object of analysis [and analyzed media type]: The project Framing Big Data (DFG 2021-2024) analyzed the media-communicatively articulated frames on “Big Data” in online press aggregates of newspapers and magazines in three countries: South Africa, Germany and the United States. No visual material was collected or examined. In total, the coded press aggregates of 26 newspapers and magazines were analyzed. The period of collected press articles was from 2011 to 2020 (N=1,456 press articles). Hereby, the online press articles had to contain the keywords “big data” or “dataf*” (e.g., datafication, datafied) in the headline, sub-headline and/or first paragraph (inclusion criteria).
Time frame of analysis: 2011, Jan 1 – 2020, Dec 31
Analyzed media type: Online press aggregates from newspapers and magazines in three countries: South Africa, Germany, and the United States. In sum, the coded press aggregates were sampled from 26 periodicals.
Codebook: Public_Codebook_FBD_fin.pdf
Information about the variable
Variable name/definition: Press sections in online newspapers. This variable was created from a compilation of sections found in most newspapers, supplemented by newspaper-specific subsections. It is a comprehensive collection of all sections present in newspapers from three countries (Germany: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung, ZEIT online, WirtschaftsWoche, Handelsblatt, taz, Welt online, Spiegel online, wired, c’t; South Africa: NAG, The Star, Financial Mail, Business Day, Sunday Times, Brainstorm Magazine, Tech Central, Mail & Guardian, Stuff Magazine; USA: New York Times, Washington Post, Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Newsweek, Brainstorm). Since some newspapers – such as Süddeutsche Zeitung or The Star – have detailed sections for specific regions and others like Forbes, Stuff Magazine and Handelsblatt feature sections on specific technical/economic topics, all editorial sections were recorded by hand and manually bundled according to superordinate categories (e.g., Economics, Science, Success, Society) and subcategories to be able to map the characteristic sections across newspapers. The aim was to be able to also code sections that are specific to one magazine while assuring combability with the structure of other outlets.
Scale: Nominal
Level of analysis: Formal level (press article), coded as press product and as part of the discourse (formal variables, content variables; article unit)
Sample operationalization: Code the press section that is depicted on the top of the article. Not every journal clearly depicts the section their articles are published in (especially online). Do not confuse key words with sections.
Values: 1. Politics (domestic and foreign affairs, network policies, courts and law, fact checks); 2. Economics (Banks, Energy, Industry, Stocks, Taxes, Real Estate, Cars); 3. Technology/Science (Knowledge, Research, IT, Digital, Traffic and Mobility, Work, Ecology); 4. Business (Finances, Companies, Investments); 5. Culture (Media, Books, Movies, Art, Travel, Fashion, Food, Regional); 6. Society (Style, Discover, Research, Reports, Ideas, ZEITmagazin, ze.tt, Z2X, Podcasts, Feuilleton); 7. Opinion (Columns, Comments, Guest Articles, Debate) ; 8. Global Crisis (Ukraine, Covid-19, Climate change); 9. Success (Management, Coaching, Trends, Career, Job, Universities); 10. Health/Medicine; 11. Regional; 12. Headlines; 13. Sports; -97 not visible; -98 unclear; -99 not applicable (one code per news article)
Reliability: α = 1.00 [Krippendorff’s alpha, intercoder reliability. A total of seven reliability tests were conducted, five of them during the coding phase and two as part of two pretests. Five coders were involved in four tests, four coders were involved in three tests. All tests were conducted in the period July 2022 to December 2022].
References
Jasanoff, S. (2015). Future Imperfect. In S. Jasanoff & S. Kim (Eds.), Dreamscapes of Modernity (pp. 1–33). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pentzold, C. & Knorr, C. (2024). Making Sense of “Big Data”: Ten Years of Discourse Around Datafication (ICA 2024, 74th Conference, Gold Coast, Australia).
Pentzold, C., & Knorr, C. (2021-2024). Framing Big Data (DFG). Leipzig University.
Scheufele, B. (2004). Framing-effects approach: A theoretical and methodological critique. Communications, 29(4), 401–428.
Wessler, H., Wozniak, A., Hofer, L., & Lück, J. (2016). Global Multimodal News Frames on Climate Change: A Comparison of Five Democracies around the World. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(4), 423–445. doi: 10.1177/194016121666184
Cultural motifs (Framing)
Get PDFThis variable describes the cultural pattern of a text/article. The concept of “cultural motifs” refers to phenomena which are culturally embedded and which support interpretations that are normally associated with “culture”. Cultural motifs are the core of a statement in the text.
Entry connected to
framing devices
causal attributions
Field of Application/Theoretical Foundation
As the core of a frame package, cultural motifs are seen as the anchor of a “frame” (Entman, 1993) and not as a frame itself. A cultural motif can be understood as “the implicit cultural phenomenon that defines the package as a whole, for instance, a value or an archetype” (Van Gorp, 2010, p. 97-98). Cultural motifs are often accompanied by the problem definition and/or a moral evaluation. But, in contrast to a problem definition, a causal attribution and/or a moral evaluation in a journalistic or a user statement, cultural motifs are rarely found in concrete words in the text. Cultural motifs serve as a sort of pivot, around which all framing and reasoning devices “revolve”. The concept can be used to identify the cultural assumptions around which a journalistic text, its problems and responsibilities, are built.
References/Combination with other methods of data collection
Cultural motifs are often used as a variable to identify frames and their structure. As they require an understanding and knowledge of the topics of the texts that are to be analyzed manually, no automated measurement procedures have yet been developed.
Example studies: Pentzold & Knorr (2024); Pentzold & Fischer (2017); Van Gorp & Vercruysse (2012)
Information on Van Gorp & Vercruysse, 2012
Authors: Baldwin Van Gorp and Tom Vercruysse
Research questions: What are the dominant frames used to represent dementia and what alternative frames could be proffered?
Object of analysis: An inductive frame analysis to examine the various ways in which the media define dementia both in news aggregates and in audio-visual material from the internet. The aim is to find indications of how and what conceptions people gain of dementia through news, audiovisual material, novels, and public health brochures. Hereby, the analysis followed an initial three-step coding procedure: First, the authors conducted the material inductively by coding key terms, with regular feedback moments to discuss potential divergences. This first phase ended when no new frames were detected, followed by an axial coding procedure of the whole material during phase two. Here, every new passage from the material had to be connected to at least one frame package so to verify the pre-defined frames from phase one. Third and lastly, frame packages were created by linking both reasoning devices and framing devices with a cultural theme.
Time frame of analysis and analyzed media type: The sample consisted of a representative selection of Belgian newspaper coverage from March 1, 2008 to July 1, 2010. In addition, books about dementia (n=20) were examined together with (audio-)visual material (n=14) based on the search results for “dementia” on www.imdb.com and www.youtube.com. Finally, public health brochures of dementia were part of the sample (n=15).
Information about variable
Variable/name definition: Frames/frame packages that define dementia
Scale: Nominal
Level of analysis: In the beginning by paragraph level, then the whole text as the frames began to emerge more clearly.
Sample operationalization: A frame / frame package consists of seven elements. These are the following: (1) cultural theme; (2) definition of the problem; (3) cause (why is it a problem?); (4) consequences; (5) moral values involved; (6) possible solutions/actions; (7) metaphors, choice of vocabulary.
Values: The qualitative analysis resulted in a total of twelve frame packages (six frames and six counter-frames). Each consists of a central cultural theme, a definition of dementia, the causes and possible consequences, the moral evaluation and possible future scenarios of dementia. (1A. Dualism of body and mind vs. 1B. Unity of body and mind; 2; The invader; 3. The strange travelling companion; 4A. Faith in science vs. 4B. Natural ageing; 5. The fear of death and degeneration; 6. Carpe diem; 7A. Reversed roles vs. 7B. Each in turn; 8A. No quid pro quo vs. 8B. The Good Mother)
Reliability: First, both authors coded independently of each other and met to discuss differences. This resulted in tentative frames which were used for further qualitative research of the material. Then, the frames found were discussed with experts (in a workshop setting).
Codebook: Description of the sample (newspapers and audiovisual material) can be found at the end of the article (appendix of Van Gorp & Vercruysse, 2012).
Information on Pentzold & Knorr, 2024
Authors: Christian Pentzold and Charlotte Knorr
Research questions: With which imaginaries do journalistic reports make sense of Big Data? (RQ1) How do these imaginaries evolve over time? (RQ2) To what extent are the imaginaries similar or different across countries? (RQ3)
Object of analysis [and analyzed media type]: The project Framing Big Data (DFG 2021-2024) analyzed the media-communicatively articulated frames on “Big Data” in online newspapers and magazines from three countries: South Africa, Germany, and the United States. No visual material was collected or examined. In total, material from 26 newspapers and magazines was analyzed. The time frame ranged from 2011 to 2020 (N=1,456). Articles had to contain the keywords “big data” or “dataf*” (e.g., datafication, datafied) in the headline, sub-headline and/or first paragraph (sampling criteria).
To analyze the frames manually, it was assumed that frames are organized according to three levels analysable in a press text. First, the reasoning devices, followed by – secondly – the framing devices (references, argumentation patterns, idioms, metaphors, topoi) and – thirdly – the cultural motifs. Coming from a socio-constructionist approach, a cultural motif is the anchor of an idea expressed in a text (Van Gorp, 2010, p. 7). It is connected to a social problem. To understand this connection, the problem definition, causal attribution, treatment recommendation, and moral evaluation associated with the coded cultural motif were analyzed (cf., Van Gorp, 2010, p. 91-92; Entman, 1991, p. 52). These four elements are the reasoning devices of a frame. They are accompanied by the so-called framing devices which are stylistic devices, catchphrases, metaphors, and references. To that end, for the manual frame analysis on Big Data in the press aggregates, we developed codes for framing devices (1), reasoning devices (2), and cultural motifs (3). All three elements form part of a frame package (Van Gorp, 2007, 2010).
To build the frame packages, we followed procedures of both block modeling and cluster analysis. First, a block modeling was conducted – as introduced by White for structural analyses (White et al., 1976) – to prepare the data set for the cluster analysis. Then, the coded cultural motifs, the reasoning devices, and the framing devices that correlated strongly in the data set (a total of 9 variables and 34 codes) were chosen. With that, a hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward method) was conducted (Matthes & Kohring, 2008, p. 268). Binary variables were calculated for each of the codes of the nine variables.
Time frame of analysis: 2011, Jan 1 – 2020, Dec 31
Analyzed media type: Online press aggregates from newspapers and magazines in three countries: South Africa, Germany, and the United States. In sum, the coded press aggregates were sampled from 26 periodicals.
Codebook: Public_Codebook_FBD_fin.pdf
Information about the variable
Variable name/definition: Cultural Motif
Scale: Nominal
Level of analysis: Whereas the formal categories in the manual content analysis were coded at the level of a single news item, the individual frame elements were coded at the level of propositional units. A propositional unit (= analysis unit) can be connected to several codes that are assigned to either a framing device, a reasoning device or a cultural motif. Not all but some frame elements had to be present in the news item, and at least one reasoning device. Furthermore, at least one reasoning device should be tied to a framing device and/or cultural motif to prove that the propositional unit contains semantic relationships and not just elements of “raw text” (van Atteveldt, 2008, p. 5).
Operationalization: Cultural motifs are the cultural core of a social idea framed in a text. In the project we assume the following six core cultural motifs. These cultural motifs were developed as part of a critical discourse analysis of 17 bestsellers on the subject of Big Data/datafication (published between 2013 and 2017, Pentzold & Knorr, 2023). Big data is needed for/becomes/will be… [cultural motif 1-6] (multiple motifs can be coded per article; but only one per propositional unit).
Values: see Table 1.
Reliability: α = .810 [Krippendorff’s alpha, intercoder reliability. A total of seven reliability tests were conducted, five of them during the coding phase and two as part of two pretests. Five coders were involved in four tests, four coders were involved in three tests. All tests were conducted in the period July 2022 to December 2022].
Table 1
Values used for the variable cultural motif linked to Big Data as a cultural phenomenon (Pentzold & Knorr, 2024).
Code
Cultural motif
Description
1
innovations for societal progress and/or personal advancement
key to a narrative of an efficient and strong society (rapid technological developments/ innovations for, e.g., politics, journalism, economy. There is an underlying assumption of progress due to technological innovations, for instance in the field of education, health, but also mental health.
2
a shift in surveying and datafying society
refers to the revolutionary character of Big Data. Big Data is associated with a historical turning point, notions of revolution and change. A new society is to be built and maintained with the help of Big Data. People shall be divided into groups or patterns with the help of artificial intelligence and automation. Data stands for facts and replaces gut feeling.
3
preventing wrongs
negotiation processes on how Big Data can be used to prevent crimes and wars, and to predict risks. The deployment of technologies justifies police operations and changes political communication (potentially with references to Data Justice).
4
(discrete) surveillance
counter-theme to the cultural motif “preventing wrongs”, this motif is subject to negotiation processes to what extent data are used and may/should be used for surveillance. For instance, Data are needed for and, moreover, justified by political, military, and corporate/economic oversight and intelligence. It is not just about justifying mass surveillance, but also about addressing its legitimacy on a fundamental level because forms of mass surveillance may threaten democracy.
5
profits and prediction
economic dimension of Big Data. The value of the data is to be exploited and sold. Not just data but metadata of the users are retailed. “Clever software” affords identifying and mobilizing potential voters and enables target group-specific addressing and voter predictions, for example in election campaigns (behavioural microtargeting).
6
civic agency and empowerment
focus on social principles in dealing with data and the preservation of privacy, and how it can be guided by a transparent data policy. Key values are privacy and the protection of private data plus people´s own initiative and empowerment to act together as publics (social data, human judgement).
7
Negative consequences of Big Data and their critics
-98/-99
Something else /nothing detected
(e.g., artificial intelligence/AI; globalization, robots, digitalization, digitization, cyberwar, technologies)
Note: Multiple motifs can be coded per article; but only one per propositional unit.
References
Entman, R. M. (1991). Framing U.S. Coverage of International News: Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents: Symposium. Journal of Communication, 41(4), 6–27.
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1–37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2780405
Jasanoff, S. (2015). Future Imperfect. In S. Jasanoff & S. Kim (Eds.), Dreamscapes of Modernity (pp. 1–33). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Matthes, J., & Kohring, M. (2008). The Content Analysis of Media Frames: Toward Improving Reliability and Validity. Journal of Communication, 58(2), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00384.x
Pentzold, C., & Fischer, C. (2017). Framing Big Data: The discursive construction of a radio cell query in Germany. Big Data & Society, July-December, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717745897
Pentzold, C., & Knorr, C. (2023). When data became big: revisiting the rise of an obsolete keyword. Information, Communication & Society, 27(3), 600–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2227673
Pentzold, C. & Knorr, C. (2024). Making Sense of “Big Data”: Ten Years of Discourse Around Datafication (ICA 2024, 74th Conference, Gold Coast, Australia).
Pentzold, C., & Knorr, C. (2021-2024). Framing Big Data (DFG). Leipzig University. https://www.sozphil.uni-leipzig.de/en/institut-fuer-kommunikations-und-medienwissenschaft/professuren/chair-of-media-and-communication/forschungs-und-praxisprojekte/framing-big-data
van Atteveldt, W. (2008). Semantic network analysis: Techniques for extracting, representing and querying media content. SIKS dissertation series: no. 2008-30. BookSurge.
Van Gorp, B. (2007). The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Communication Research, 57, 60–78.
Van Gorp, B. (2010). Strategies to Take Subjectivity Out of Framing Analysis. In P. D´Angelo & J. A. Kuypers (Eds.), Communication Series. Doing News Framing Analysis: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 84–109). New York: Routledge.
Van Gorp, B., & Vercruysse, T. (2012). Frames and counter-frames giving meaning to dementia: A framing analysis of media content. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 74(8), 1274–1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.045
White, H. C., Boorman, S. A., & Breiger, R. L. (1976). Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I. Blockmodels of Roles and Positions. American Journal of Sociology, 81(4), 730–780. http://www.jstor.org/stable/277759
Animal Experimentation in Basic Research – Current Discussion and Implications of the Latest Jurisprudence in Switzerland
No full textIn recent years a discernible political trend has developed, particularly in Europe and the United States, towards phasing out or at least significantly reducing the use and harm of animals in research. Switzerland reflects this trend through political initiatives and the National Research Program 79 “Advancing 3R – Research, Animals and Society”. Despite these efforts, the number of animals used in experiments remains high and has even increased over the last two years. Notably, the number of animals subjected to the highest severity grade has doubled within the past decade. Most research animals in Switzerland are currently used in basic research, accounting for nearly 60 percent of all experiments in 2022 and almost 80 percent of the most severe ones. Animal experiments – particularly those with uncertain anticipated benefits that impose a high burden on animals – have increasingly been addressed in court. The harm-benefit analysis, which evaluates how concrete and realizable the anticipated benefit must be to justify severe experiments, has become a central issue. This article takes a recent decision by the Zurich Administrative Court on a severely harmful animal experiment as an impetus to analyze and contextualize recent Swiss jurisprudence, and to clarify its implications for basic research.In recent years a discernible political trend has developed, particularly in Europe and the United States, towards phasing out or at least significantly reducing the use and harm of animals in research. Switzerland reflects this trend through political initiatives and the National Research Program 79 “Advancing 3R – Research, Animals and Society”. Despite these efforts, the number of animals used in experiments remains high and has even increased over the last two years. Notably, the number of animals subjected to the highest severity grade has doubled within the past decade. Most research animals in Switzerland are currently used in basic research, accounting for nearly 60 percent of all experiments in 2022 and almost 80 percent of the most severe ones.
Animal experiments – particularly those with uncertain anticipated benefits that impose a high burden on animals, – have increasingly been addressed in court. The harm-benefit analysis, which evaluates how concrete and realizable the anticipated benefit must be to justify severe experiments, has become a central issue. This article takes a recent decision by the Zurich Administrative Court on a severely harmful animal experiment as an impetus to analyze and contextualize recent Swiss jurisprudence, and to clarify its implications for basic research
"Über den Ausgang des Heiligen Geistes": Eine Schrift eines anonymen Russen als Beilage im Brief von Simon Budny an Heinrich Bullinger vom 18. April 1563
No full textSimon Budny (ca. 1530–1591) was a Reformed pastor who became a wellknown leader of the Anti-Trinitarian movement in Lithuania. In 1563, Budny wrote a letter to Heinrich Bullinger asking for his opinion on the filioque, which was the object of intense discussion in Lithuania. Budny enclosed a small work written by an anonymous Russian Orthodox author titled De processione Spiritus sancti that contains the main exegetical and theological arguments against the filioque (Zurich Staatsarchiv, E II 367, 231–242). This contribution includes an historical introduction, an edition, a German translation, and a text analysis. I propose that the anonymous author of this text may be the famous Russian theologian Maksim Grek (1470–1556) or one of his students, because the language, the content, the argumentation, the Biblical and Patristic proofs are similar to his Anti-Roman-Catholic works written between 1518 and 1525
Künstliche Intelligenz und Schweizer Recht, Januar-Dezember 2023
No full textEntsprechend dem Ziel der «(Zeit-)schriften des Rechts», die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird in dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften an der Schnittstelle von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und Schweizer Recht aus dem Zeitraum Januar-Dezember 2023 vorgelegt.Entsprechend dem Ziel der «(Zeit-)schriften des Rechts», die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird in dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften an der Schnittstelle von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und Schweizer Recht aus dem Zeitraum Januar-Dezember 2023 vorgelegt