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Legendierte Kontrollen
No full textDer Beitrag analysiert die rechtlichen Probleme sogenannter «legendierter Kontrollen», bei denen gezielte polizeiliche Zugriffe als präventive Zufallskontrollen getarnt werden, um laufende strafprozessuale Strukturermittlungen nicht zu gefährden. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, auf welche Rechtsgrundlagen sich solche Massnahmen stützen lassen und unter welchen Voraussetzungen die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse im Strafverfahren verwertbar sind. Die Autoren zeigen auf, dass legendierte Kontrollen weder pauschal dem Polizeirecht noch dem Strafprozessrecht zugeordnet werden können, sondern nach ihrem tatsächlichen Zweck zu qualifizieren sind. Wird eine Massnahme lediglich präventiv etikettiert, obwohl sie materiell repressiv ist, unterliegt sie den Anforderungen der Strafprozessordnung, insbesondere hinsichtlich Anordnung, Zuständigkeit und Dokumentation. Daraus können erhebliche Beweisverwertungsrisiken folgen. Der Beitrag arbeitet zudem die praktischen Spannungen heraus, die sich aus Aktenführungspflichten, Akteneinsichtsrechten, Haftverfahren und dem Beschleunigungsgebot ergeben, und kommt zum Schluss, dass legendierte Kontrollen mit erheblichen Rechtsrisiken verbunden sind.
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L\u27article analyse les enjeux juridiques des interventions policières ciblées, déguisées en contrôles préventifs prétendument fortuits, destinées à ne pas compromettre des enquêtes pénales structurelles en cours («legendierter Kontrollen »). Il examine les bases légales susceptibles de fonder de telles mesures ainsi que les conditions dans lesquelles les éléments de preuve ainsi recueillis peuvent être exploités dans la procédure pénale. Les auteurs démontrent que ces types de contrôle ne sauraient être rattachés de manière générale ni au droit de police ni au droit de la procédure pénale, mais doivent être qualifiés à l\u27aune de leur finalité effective. Lorsqu\u27une mesure est formellement présentée comme préventive, alors qu\u27elle revêt matériellement un caractère répressif, elle est soumise aux exigences du Code de procédure pénale, notamment en matière de compétence, d\u27ordonnance et de documentation des mesures de contrainte, ce qui peut entraîner des risques substantiels d\u27inexploitabilité des preuves. L\u27article met enfin en évidence les tensions pratiques liées aux obligations de tenue du dossier, aux droits d\u27accès au dossier, aux procédures de détention provisoire, ainsi qu\u27au principe de célérité, et conclut que de tels contrôles comportent des risques juridiques élevés
Moralistic Imagination of Two-dimensional Politics: Identity and Moral Correlates of Social Media Engagement
No full textPolitical polarization in the United States is often framed as an ideological divide between the left and the right. However, emerging research highlights a second, orthogonal dimension: the divide between establishment and anti-establishment movements. While prior work emphasizes the role of morality in shaping political motivations along both dimensions, we extend this by examining how moral rhetoric structures intergroup dynamics within a two-dimensional political space. Using computational linguistic analysis on over 600,000 posts and comments from three representative political communities on Reddit (r/Trump, r/JoeBiden, and r/SandersForPresident), we investigate how moral foundations are invoked differently across these communities. Our results show that anti-establishment communities exhibit consistently higher levels of moral expression than their establishment counterparts. Yet, patterns of engagement suggest that ideological identity—more than anti-establishment alignment—continues to anchor online political engagement. This study contributes a novel computational framework for mapping social identity dynamics in online political communication. Theoretically, it deepens our understanding of how emerging political identities interact with the ideological divide, revealing that while anti-establishment movements may reshape rhetorical styles, the ideological divide remains the primary axis of online political engagement
‹Once more from the top. This time with feeling›. Love, hate, and the self-story today
Full text linkGet high-school students these days to write about themselves, their lives, or their views, say for an in-class creative or persuasive task or for the personal statement in a university application. Make the questions general and open-ended, choose interesting prompts, and promote their reflection. What the students then tend to write about is feelings and their own strong feelings in particular. Among them, love (and less so, hate) is common, be it about own experiences and desires or about own beliefs and ideas. In the following essay, I consider more closely the students’ engagement with the feeling of love in their texts. I first try to characterize, and then to deconstruct and critique compositions of this sort. Both as a process as well as an output, the exercise typically falls far short of its pedagogical and personal potential. By the essay’s end, I offer some support to students in finding and conveying greater meaning from their feelings in their writings
The Truth Shall Prevail. Office for Prevention of Usury as an Instrument against Black Market Activities and Corruption in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
Full text linkBlack market, smuggling, rackets, various illegal practices by fraudulent businesspersons increased among the population together with the growing economic problems of the collapsing supply system. This happened not only in times of war, but also after the war had ended. Practices of illegal enrichment were spreading, but also, at the same time, they were distinct strategies of survival.
This study presents an analysis of usury and corruption in the Czechoslovak Republic that was founded as consequence of the Habsburg monarchy’s collapse in 1918. After many centuries of being a part of Hungary, Slovakia joined the new Czechoslovak state. Our study focusses on the fight of the Czechoslovak state organs against usurers and corruption. In the centre of our focus are the activities of a state institution referred to as Office for Prevention of Usury (Úrad pre znemožnenie úžery), located in Bratislava, the Slovak capital. We illustrate the fight of the state controlleurs against the illegal activities of individuals occupied with trade, supplies and goods. Our analysis focusses in the inspectors’ work, and we present the most widespread criminal activities virulent in those early years of the Czechoslovak Republic. Through the eyes of the Office, we explain usury and corruption in citizens’ daily lives after the First World War
D’une non-condamnation par ordonnance pénale : l’affaire SICPA
No full textLe droit suisse ne connait aujourd’hui pas d’instrument de justice négociée du type deferred prosecution agreement, soit un mécanisme permettant au ministère public d’abandonner la poursuite moyennant le respect, par le prévenu, de certaines conditions. La pratique réclame depuis plusieurs années l’introduction d’un tel outil en matière de responsabilité pénale des entreprises. En attendant, procureurs et entreprise prévenue négocient dans le cadre de la procédure de l’ordonnance pénale. Les entreprises concernées étant actives dans un contexte transnational, il est arrivé que le procureur en charge de l’affaire émette, aux côtés de l’ordonnance pénale, une « side letter » expliquant les termes et effets d’une telle décision. Cela a été le cas dans l’affaire « SICPA SA », condamnée en avril 2023 pour des faits de corruption. Or, la « side letter » du procureur publiée sur le site internet de l’entreprise édulcore largement le reproche pénal adressé à SICPA SA. L’objectif de la présente contribution est d’expliquer en quoi le contenu de ce document n’apparait pas compatible avec la construction de la responsabilité pénale de l’entreprise et la notion d’ordonnance pénale en droit suisse.
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Das Schweizer Recht kennt derzeit kein Instrument der verhandelten Justiz vom Typ «Deferred Prosecution Agreement», also einen Mechanismus, der es der Staatsanwaltschaft ermöglicht, die Strafverfolgung einzustellen, wenn der Beschuldigte bestimmte Bedingungen erfüllt. In der Praxis wird seit mehreren Jahren die Einführung eines solchen Instruments im Bereich der strafrechtlichen Verantwortlichkeit von Unternehmen gefordert. In der Zwischenzeit verhandeln Staatsanwälte und beschuldigte Unternehmen im Rahmen des Strafbefehlsverfahrens. Da die betroffenen Unternehmen in einem transnationalen Kontext tätig sind, käme es vor, dass die zuständige Staatsanwaltschaft neben dem Strafbefehl in einem «Side Letter» die Bedingungen und Auswirkungen einer solchen Entscheidung erläutert. Dies war der Fall bei SICPA SA, die im April 2023 wegen Korruptionshandlungen verurteilt wurde. Der auf der Website des Unternehmens veröffentlichte «Side Letter» des Staatsanwalts mildert jedoch den strafrechtlichen Vorwurf gegen SICPA SA erheblich ab. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, zu erläutern, warum der Inhalt dieses Dokuments nicht mit der Konstruktion der strafrechtlichen Verantwortung des Unternehmens und dem Begriff des Strafbefehls im Schweizer Recht vereinbar ist
Mischiarsi con la luna e la terra: marginalità femminile e territoriale in Missitalia di Claudia Durastanti
No full textLo studio esplora le scelte narrative di finzionalizzazione adottate nel romanzo Missitalia di Claudia Durastanti con l’obiettivo di osservare come la scrittura d’invenzione interagisca con tematiche attuali quali il lavoro, la questione femminile e la crisi ambientale, e come riesca a metterle in stretto dialogo fra loro senza ricorrere apertamente a una retorica militante. I tre elementi e le loro interrelazioni saranno esaminati attraverso un’analisi ecopoetica che mira a mettere in luce tre principali aspetti: la complicità tra sesso femminile ed elemento naturale; l’influenza esercitata dal mito del progresso sul soggetto femminile e sull’ambiente; l’autoaffermazione della donna attraverso un percorso di riconoscimento che passa per l’indipendenza lavorativa e il legame con il luogo. Si osserverà come l’intimità con la natura e il lavoro fuori-norma spingono il soggetto femminile a una visione anti-capitalista, anti-patriarcale e ecologista, che in chiave storica vede le sue radici già prima dell’Unità d’Italia e si proietta in un futuro prossimo. Allo stesso modo si mostrerà come il registro, lo stile e le immagini proposte siano sottoposte a un processo di sottrazione in base all’avanzare del progresso.
The study examines the narrative choices in Claudia Durastanti\u27s novel Missitalia, focusing on how the author\u27s creative writing engages with contemporary issues like work, women\u27s rights, and the environmental crisis. It explores how these themes are woven together without resorting to overtly political rhetoric. Through an ecopoetic analysis, the study will highlight three key points: the connection between women and nature; the impact of the progress myth on both women and the environment; and women\u27s self-empowerment through work independence and a sense of place. The study will also look at how the female protagonist’s relationship with nature and unconventional work leads her to adopt an anti-capitalist, anti-patriarchal, and ecological perspective, which has roots in pre-unification Italy and reaches into the future. Finally, it will explore how the novel’s style, tone, and imagery evolve in response to the idea of progress
Numero completo
No full textIl volume 14 (2025) contiene una prima sezione monotematica dedicata al rapporto tra donne e lavoro e una seconda sezione di varia, che comprende due articoli incentrati sulla scrittura delle donne nell\u27ambito della letteratura italiana.
Volume 14 (2025) contains a first monothematic section that reflects upon the relationship between women and work and a second section with two contributions on the writing of women authors in the field of Italian literature.
Volume 14 (2025) discusses the subject "Women and work" containing various articles by scholars who reflect upon this subject with regard to Italian literature. There is also a second section featuring essays generally on women\u27s writing and the role of women in Italian literature
From Screen Time to Daily Rhythms: A Mixed Methods Study of Smartphone Use Among German Adults
No full textUnderstanding typical smartphone behavior increasingly relies on device-enabled fine-grained data sources that go beyond retrospective self-reports. This study contributes to this knowledge by studying how, when, and under what conditions people engage with their smartphones, using a rich mixed-method dataset that combines Android logging, iOS data donation, and mobile experience sampling. The dataset captures both the quantity and quality of smartphone use among a large, quota-targeted sample of German adults (n = 1,797). The descriptive findings indicate that smartphone engagement is characterized by frequent interactions. Most sessions last under seven minutes, and app use rarely exceeds two minutes. Usage rhythms vary throughout the day: shorter glances dominate during constrained periods, while longer sessions cluster around mornings and evenings. Younger users display more fragmented usage patterns, whereas older adults tend to engage in fewer but longer sessions. These patterns reflect the situational affordances and gratifications of different types of mobile interactions and highlight the temporal structure of smartphone use. By mapping these rhythms and use types, our findings offer a foundation for theorizing about the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional consequences of smartphone use and provide practical guidance for researchers employing intensive longitudinal and real-time measurement approaches
A Multidimensional Analysis of Political Homophily Among Politically Active Twitter Users in Uruguay
No full textA key focus in the study of digital and social media in politics has been to investigate the homophily of online interactions and content exposure, often framed as the extent to which these platforms operate as echo chambers. However, research in this area has yielded mixed findings. One possible explanation is that the degree of homophily in online behavior varies depending on the specific type of behavior examined. This paper contributes to this debate by measuring multiple indicators of political homophily within the same sample. We identified a near-census list of ∼44,000 politically active Twitter (now X) users in Uruguay and retrieved all their interactions—including retweets, replies, quotes, and likes—over a defined period between 2021 and 2022, along with the accounts they follow. This dataset, comprising 7,172,636 tweets, 9,711,053 likes, and 13,660,197 following links allows us to assess the extent of political homophily across four dimensions: following behavior, interactions among ordinary users, interactions with elites, and media consumption. Our study makes three key contributions. First, it fills the gap of a single study that estimates different outcomes of political homophily in online communication using the same sample. Second, it focuses on politically active users who play a central role in shaping online political discourse. Third, it extends research beyond the typical U.S. and Western European cases by examining Uruguay, a country with a stable party system, strong partisan attachments, and low affective polarization. Our findings show that while politically active users are not completely isolated within echo chambers they exhibit a strong tendency toward homophily while confirming expected variation across dimensions noted in previous research. This pattern of high homophily persists even in a setting of low affective polarization. These results highlight the nuanced ways political homophily manifests across different behaviors and settings
AI-tocracy: How Automated Censorship Works in China
No full text State supervision of ideas and information circulated among the public has a longstanding history. While there is a substantial body of literature examining the government’s motives for censorship, scholarly assessments of evolving censorship strategies in the new era of artificial intelligence (AI) remain relatively scarce. This paper analyzes an automated censorship system, developed and commercialized by a leading Chinese internet company, to study its content review logic. Using multiple real-world datasets, we assess: (1) concordance between conventional human-led and automated censorship decisions; (2) disruption of keyword evasion on the system’s effcacy; and (3) varied responses toward collective action and other political threats. Despite a notable gap between human-led and automated censorship decisions, we demonstrate that the system’s primary capability lies not in perfectly mimicking human censors, but in conducting large-scale user profiling and information categorization, which complements other information control tactics in China.