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Images, clusters and types – Making sense of (large) image corpora and related practices in and with digital media
Get PDFIn November 2021, the Visual Communication Division of the German Communication Association (DGPuK) celebrated its 20th anniversary at the University of Trier with a one-year pandemic delay. Marion G. Müller, Katharina Christ and Christof Barth organized an excellent conference to mark the occasion and to reflect on past and current trends, topics, and challenges in visual communication research. Resuming the thematic scope of the division’s first conference held in Hamburg in 2000, the conference focused on “The power of images – Images of power. On visual political communication in digital contexts.” While analyses of press photography in the tradition of political iconology were the main approaches twenty years ago, the program of the anniversary conference demonstrated diversified thematic foci and methodological approaches. The presentations examined a broad range of visual digital media and visual communication exerted by various actors ranging from the press to politicians to activists and citizens. Concurrently, we also saw a considerable diversity concerning methodological approaches and a rising influence of computational methods for analyzing the increasingly large numbers of images in digital media environments. With the panel “Image type / image cluster analysis as an approach to analyzing large numbers of images in online environments,” a discussion on diverse methodological approaches and their potentials and challenges among our members started. After the conference, we decided to open up our internal discussion and reach out to international colleagues working on similar questions. The long-term result is this Thematic Section on diverse methods for structuring image data corpora drawing on different traditions of visual analysis
Explaining the Mechanism Behind mRNA Vaccines Influences Perceived Vaccine Effectiveness but not Vaccination Intentions: A Randomized Experiment
No full textVaccine effectiveness and safety concerns can prevent people from receiving their first Covid-19 vaccines or boosters. Understanding the vaccine mechanism may lead people to perceive vaccine effectiveness appropriately. This study tested whether helping people understand the vaccine’s mechanism could improve their perceived vaccine safety and effectiveness. In a preregistered study, N = 1,548 unvaccinated or non-boosted participants were randomly presented with one of three communication formats: a fact box (a benefit-risk profile in tabular format; control condition), an expository text (i.e., a purely factual explanation) plus fact box, or an analogy plus fact box. Participants rated the vaccine’s effectiveness in preventing a Covid-19 disease, their perceived risk of getting vaccinated, and their intention to get vaccinated or boosted (depending on their vaccination status). Reading either additional text about the vaccines’ mechanism increased participants’ effectiveness ratings for the vaccine to prevent Covid-19 but did not affect risk ratings or vaccination intentions. The participants’ vaccine-related perceptions and intentions did not differ between the two text types. Elaborating on the vaccine’s mechanism of protection, in addition to presenting the benefit-risk profile of a vaccine, can lead people to perceive the vaccine effectiveness as slightly higher, yet it is insufficient to increase vaccination intentions
The Faces and Forms of Pandemic Humor: Exploring Covid-19 Memes with Visual Machine Learning
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented cycle of digitally spread humor. This article analyzes a corpus of 12,337 humor items from 80+ countries, mainly in visual format, and mostly memes, collected during the first half of 2020, to understand the features and intended audiences of this “pandemic humor”. Employing visual machine-learning techniques and additional qualitative analysis, we ask which actors and which templates were most prominent in the pandemic humor, and how these actors and templates vary on the following dimensions: local vs. global, Covid-specific vs. general, and specifically for the actors, political vs. not political. Our analysis shows that most pandemic memes from the first wave are not political. The vast majority of the memes are global: They are based on well-recognized meme templates, and almost all identified actors are part of a cast of set “meme faces”, mostly from the US and the UK but recognized around the world. Most popular templates were found in several countries and languages, including non-European languages. Most memes were based on non-Covid specific templates, but we found new Covid-specific memes, which sheds new light on the process by which memes emerge, spread, and potentially become new meme templates. Our analysis supplements existing studies of (Covid) memes that mostly focus on small national samples, using qualitative methods. This cross-national analysis is enabled by a global dataset with unique data on geographical origin of humor. We show the usefulness of visual machine learning for identifying the emergence, spread and prevalence of transnational (humorous) cultural forms. By combining large-scale computational analysis with in-depth analysis, we bridge a gap in in meme studies between (mostly quantitative) data sciences and (mostly qualitative) communication and media studies
Editors\u27 Introduction to Special Issue of JQD:DM in Collaboration with ICWSM
No full textThis special issue aims to build bridges between scholarly communities engaging in the study of digital media. The result of a partnership between the International AAAI Conference on the Web and Social Media (ICWSM) and the Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media (JQD:DM), this effort provides both journal space and physical space for strengthening our interdisciplinary community. The eight articles in this volume showcase the diversity of data, methods, and contributions being made in the study of digital media. As editors, we are pleased at this collaborative forum for such interdisciplinary conversation, and it is our privilege to present the first set of articles — of many more to come
Die Fristennormen der AMM-VO: Eine Rückkehr zum Altbekannten oder ein versteckter Neuaufbruch?
No full textAm 14. Mai 2024 erliess der Rat der Europäischen Union die Asyl- und Migrationsmanagement-Verordnung (AMM-VO) als Nachfolgerin der Dublin-III-Verordnung. Die Regelung bestimmt die Asylverfahrenszuständigkeit und enthält mehrere neu gefasste Fristennormen. Diese Änderungen scheinen die Anwendung bisheriger Rechtsprechung des EuGH zur Geltendmachung von Fristabläufen zu verhindern. Der Autor legt dar, inwiefern - anders als bisher - die Fristennormen nicht mehr dogmatisch gleich einzuordnen sind. Stattdessen bedarf es deren Neueinteilung danach, ob ihre Verletzung ein Recht Einzelner nach Unionsrecht begründet, sie sonstige einklagbare Rechtsnormen darstellen oder es sich um organisatorisch-zwischenstaatliche Regelungen handelt. Ausschlaggebend für die Unterscheidung ist die zuständigkeitsverlagernde Rechtsfolge der Norm. Nach bisherigem Stand der bilateralen Verträge gelten diese Überlegungen auch für die Schweiz.
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Le 14 mai 2024, le Conseil de l\u27Union européenne a adopté le règlement (UE) 2024/1351, remplaçant l\u27ancien règlement Dublin III et redéfinissant les règles relatives à la responsabilité dans les procédures d\u27asile. Parmi les changements notables, ce nouveau règlement modifie les règles concernant les délais, restreignant ainsi l\u27application de la jurisprudence de la CJUE, qui autorisait auparavant à invoquer leur dépassement. L\u27auteur de la présente contribution souligne la nécessité d\u27adopter une approche différenciée face aux délais prévus par ce texte. Il convient de distinguer les délais dont le dépassement confère un droit individuel, ceux qui constituent des normes juridiques pouvant être invoquées devant les juridictions, et ceux qui relèvent uniquement de considérations organisationnelles ou interétatiques. Le critère déterminant pour établir cette distinction repose sur la question de savoir si le dépassement du délai entraîne un transfert de responsabilité. En l\u27état actuel des accords bilatéraux, ces réflexions valent également pour la Suisse
Schweizerisches Erbrecht, Januar-April 2024
No full textEntsprechend dem Ziel der «Zeitschriften des Rechts», die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird mit dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften zum schweizerischen Erbrecht aus dem Zeitraum Januar-April 2024 vorgelegt.Entsprechend dem Ziel der «Zeitschriften des Rechts», die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird mit dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften zum schweizerischen Erbrecht aus dem Zeitraum Januar-April 2024 vorgelegt
Neck lumps: Early Detection with Dental Magnetic Resonance Imaging? A clinical approach
No full textVergrösserte zervikale Lymphknoten können auf eine Vielzahl von Erkrankungen hinweisen, darunter Infektionen, Entzündungen und neoplastische Prozesse. Eine präzise Diagnostik ist entscheidend, um die zugrunde liegende Ursache zu ermitteln und eine geeignete Behandlung einzuleiten. Die diagnostischen Abklärungsschritte umfassen nach der Beurteilung der klinischen Symptome weitere Untersuchungen, wie klinischer Status, Ultraschall, Feinnadelaspiration, Biopsie und bildgebende Verfahren. Herkömmliche bildgebende Verfahren wie Röntgen und Computertomographie (CT) haben sich zwar als nützlich erwiesen, weisen jedoch Einschränkungen in Bezug auf Sensitivität und Spezifität auf, insbesondere bei der Darstellung von Weichteilgewebestrukturen. Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) bietet einen besseren Weichteilkontrast und liefert zusätzliche wichtige Informationen für die Differentialdiagnose. Dieser Artikel präsentiert den Fall eines 29-jährigen Mannes mit einer zervikalen Neoplasie und beschreibt die anschliessende Diagnostik und Therapie. Moderne dentale MRT-Protokolle, einschliesslich DESS-, SPACE-SPAIR- und SPACE-STIR-Sequenzen, haben die Bildgebungsmöglichkeiten im dentomaxillofazialen Bereich erheblich verbessert. Sie ermöglichen die simultane Visualisierung von Hart- und Weichgewebe mittels hochauflösender Bilder. Insbesondere haben MR-OPTs gezeigt, dass sie in der Lage sind, frühe Anzeichen potenzieller Pathologien zu erkennen, was zu einer präzisen Diagnose und einer effektiven Behandlungsplanung beitragen kann.Cervical lymphadenopathy can indicate a range of diseases, including infections, inflammation, and neoplastic processes. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for identifying the underlying cause and determining appropriate treatment. Diagnostic procedures include clinical examination, ultrasound, fine needle aspiration, biopsy, and imaging techniques. While conventional imaging methods such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT) have proven useful, they exhibit limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially for soft tissue structures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides superior soft tissue contrast, offering additional critical information for differential diagnosis. This article presents a case study of a 29-year-old male with a cervical mass. Advanced dental MRI protocols, including DESS, SPACE-SPAIR, and SPACE-STIR sequences, have significantly enhanced the imaging capabilities of the dentomaxillofacial region, enabling the generation of high-resolution images of both hard and soft tissues. Especially, MR OPGs have demonstrated the capacity to identify early signs of potential pathology. These protocols have the potential to enhance early detection, thereby contributing to accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning
