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Coseriu on metaphor
No full textThis article examines Eugenio Coseriu’s approach to metaphor in natural language. We first review occasional observations on metaphor scattered throughout Coseriu’s scholarly work, in texts spanning from the 1960s to the end of his life. These observations can be broadly classified into three categories. Into the first one fall references to metaphorical instances of habitualized language use (“discours répété’), which often have complex linguistic and cultural histories. The second category is made up of dispersed remarks on the various elements and levels of the structure of a metaphor from a linguistic point of view. Of particular importance are the comments that metaphors are “usages” rather than language-specific “functions” (i.e. signifieds). A metaphor presupposes the bilateral signified-signifier relation, but does not alter the signified of the linguistic sign. A metaphor can moreover arise from the mere discrepancy between a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic relation, and although metaphors must not to be confused with ordinary lexical neutralization, they can produce what Coseriu calls “metaphorical neutralization”. The third category gathers observations on the role of metaphor in shaping (linguistic and trans-linguistic) “meaning” across various domains of culture (art, science, philosophy, religion). Notably instructive are Coseriu’s concise remarks on the metaphorical use of elements from previous semantic layers (language-specific procedures and functions, as well as contexts of speaking) to produce text-specific sense values, and on the constitutive function of metaphors in poetic texts (broadly construed). To conclude the article, we zoom in on Coseriu’s single major study on metaphor, “La creación metafórica en el lenguaje” (Coseriu 1956). The significance of this study lies in the fact that metaphor, or better still: metaphorical creation, is explicitly conceptualized before the background of Coseriu’s general theory of language. While anticipating a ”cognitive” perspective on language and metaphor, Coseriu’s account goes beyond current approaches in that metaphor, like language overall, is conceived as an ongoing, dynamic and ever-changing activity (enérgeia) in which metaphors are as common as they are constitutive.This article examines Eugenio Coseriu’s approach to metaphor in natural language. We first review occasional observations on metaphor scattered throughout Coseriu’s scholarly work, in texts spanning from the 1960s to the end of his life. These observations can be broadly classified into three categories. Into the first one fall references to metaphorical instances of habitualized language use (“discours répété’), which often have complex linguistic and cultural histories. The second category is made up of dispersed remarks on the various elements and levels of the structure of a metaphor from a linguistic point of view. Of particular importance are the comments that metaphors are “usages” rather than language-specific “functions” (i.e. signifieds). A metaphor presupposes the bilateral signified-signifier relation, but does not alter the signified of the linguistic sign. A metaphor can moreover arise from the mere discrepancy between a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic relation, and although metaphors must not to be confused with ordinary lexical neutralization, they can produce what Coseriu calls “metaphorical neutralization”. The third category gathers observations on the role of metaphor in shaping (linguistic and trans-linguistic) “meaning” across various domains of culture (art, science, philosophy, religion). Notably instructive are Coseriu’s concise remarks on the metaphorical use of elements from previous semantic layers (language-specific procedures and functions, as well as contexts of speaking) to produce text-specific sense values, and on the constitutive function of metaphors in poetic texts (broadly construed). To conclude the article, we zoom in on Coseriu’s single major study on metaphor, “La creación metafórica en el lenguaje” (Coseriu 1956). The significance of this study lies in the fact that metaphor, or better still: metaphorical creation, is explicitly conceptualized before the background of Coseriu’s general theory of language. While anticipating a “cognitive” perspective on language and metaphor, Coseriu’s account goes beyond current approaches in that metaphor, like language overall, is conceived as an ongoing, dynamic and ever-changing activity (enérgeia) in which metaphors are as common as they are constitutive.This article examines Eugenio Coseriu’s approach to metaphor in natural language. We first review occasional observations on metaphor scattered throughout Coseriu’s scholarly work, in texts spanning from the 1960s to the end of his life. These observations can be broadly classified into three categories. Into the first one fall references to metaphorical instances of habitualized language use (“discours répété’), which often have complex linguistic and cultural histories. The second category is made up of dispersed remarks on the various elements and levels of the structure of a metaphor from a linguistic point of view. Of particular importance are the comments that metaphors are “usages” rather than language-specific “functions” (i.e. signifieds). A metaphor presupposes the bilateral signified-signifier relation, but does not alter the signified of the linguistic sign. A metaphor can moreover arise from the mere discrepancy between a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic relation, and although metaphors must not to be confused with ordinary lexical neutralization, they can produce what Coseriu calls “metaphorical neutralization”. The third category gathers observations on the role of metaphor in shaping (linguistic and trans-linguistic) “meaning” across various domains of culture (art, science, philosophy, religion). Notably instructive are Coseriu’s concise remarks on the metaphorical use of elements from previous semantic layers (language-specific procedures and functions, as well as contexts of speaking) to produce text-specific sense values, and on the constitutive function of metaphors in poetic texts (broadly construed). To conclude the article, we zoom in on Coseriu’s single major study on metaphor, “La creación metafórica en el lenguaje” (Coseriu 1956). The significance of this study lies in the fact that metaphor, or better still: metaphorical creation, is explicitly conceptualized before the background of Coseriu’s general theory of language. While anticipating a “cognitive” perspective on language and metaphor, Coseriu’s account goes beyond current approaches in that metaphor, like language overall, is conceived as an ongoing, dynamic and ever-changing activity (enérgeia) in which metaphors are as common as they are constitutive.This article examines Eugenio Coseriu’s approach to metaphor in natural language. We first review occasional observations on metaphor scattered throughout Coseriu’s scholarly work, in texts spanning from the 1960s to the end of his life. These observations can be broadly classified into three categories. Into the first one fall references to metaphorical instances of habitualized language use (“discours répété’), which often have complex linguistic and cultural histories. The second category is made up of dispersed remarks on the various elements and levels of the structure of a metaphor from a linguistic point of view. Of particular importance are the comments that metaphors are “usages” rather than language-specific “functions” (i.e. signifieds). A metaphor presupposes the bilateral signified-signifier relation, but does not alter the signified of the linguistic sign. A metaphor can moreover arise from the mere discrepancy between a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic relation, and although metaphors must not to be confused with ordinary lexical neutralization, they can produce what Coseriu calls “metaphorical neutralization”. The third category gathers observations on the role of metaphor in shaping (linguistic and trans-linguistic) “meaning” across various domains of culture (art, science, philosophy, religion). Notably instructive are Coseriu’s concise remarks on the metaphorical use of elements from previous semantic layers (language-specific procedures and functions, as well as contexts of speaking) to produce text-specific sense values, and on the constitutive function of metaphors in poetic texts (broadly construed). To conclude the article, we zoom in on Coseriu’s single major study on metaphor, “La creación metafórica en el lenguaje” (Coseriu 1956). The significance of this study lies in the fact that metaphor, or better still: metaphorical creation, is explicitly conceptualized before the background of Coseriu’s general theory of language. While anticipating a “cognitive” perspective on language and metaphor, Coseriu’s account goes beyond current approaches in that metaphor, like language overall, is conceived as an ongoing, dynamic and ever-changing activity (enérgeia) in which metaphors are as common as they are constitutive.Este artículo examina el enfoque de Eugenio Coseriu sobre la metáfora en el lenguaje natural. En primer lugar, se revisan las observaciones ocasionales sobre la metáfora que se hallan dispersas a lo largo de la obra de Coseriu, en textos que abarcan desde la década de 1960 hasta el final de su vida. Estas observaciones pueden clasificarse, en términos generales, en tres categorías.
A la primera pertenecen las referencias a instancias metafóricas del uso habitualizado del lenguaje (“discours répété”), que a menudo poseen historias lingüísticas y culturales complejas. La segunda categoría está formada por observaciones dispersas sobre los diversos elementos y niveles de la estructura de la metáfora desde un punto de vista lingüístico. De especial importancia son los comentarios según los cuales las metáforas son “usos” más que “funciones” específicas de una lengua (es decir, significados). Una metáfora presupone la relación bilateral entre significado y significante, pero no altera el significado del signo lingüístico. Además, una metáfora puede surgir de la mera discrepancia entre una relación paradigmática y una sintagmática y, aunque las metáforas no deben confundirse con la neutralización léxica ordinaria, pueden producir lo que Coseriu denomina “neutralización metafórica”.
La tercera categoría reúne observaciones sobre el papel de la metáfora en la configuración del “sentido” (lingüístico y translingüístico) en distintos ámbitos de la cultura (arte, ciencia, filosofía, religión). Resultan especialmente instructivas las breves observaciones de Coseriu sobre el uso metafórico de elementos procedentes de estratos semánticos anteriores (procedimientos y funciones propios de una lengua, así como contextos de habla) para producir valores de sentido específicos del texto, y sobre la función constitutiva de las metáforas en los textos poéticos (en sentido amplio).
Para concluir el artículo, se analiza en detalle el único estudio de envergadura de Coseriu dedicado a la metáfora, “La creación metafórica en el lenguaje” (Coseriu 1956). La importancia de este estudio radica en que la metáfora —o, más precisamente, la creación metafórica— se conceptualiza explícitamente sobre el trasfondo de la teoría general del lenguaje de Coseriu. Si bien anticipa una perspectiva “cognitiva” sobre el lenguaje y la metáfora, la propuesta de Coseriu va más allá de los enfoques actuales, pues concibe la metáfora, al igual que el lenguaje en su conjunto, como una actividad continua, dinámica y en constante transformación (enérgeia), en la que las metáforas son tan comunes como constitutivas.This article examines Eugenio Coseriu’s approach to metaphor in natural language. We first review occasional observations on metaphor scattered throughout Coseriu’s scholarly work, in texts spanning from the 1960s to the end of his life. These observations can be broadly classified into three categories. Into the first one fall references to metaphorical instances of habitualized language use (“discours répété’), which often have complex linguistic and cultural histories. The second category is made up of dispersed remarks on the various elements and levels of the structure of a metaphor from a linguistic point of view. Of particular importance are the comments that metaphors are “usages” rather than language-specific “functions” (i.e. signifieds). A metaphor presupposes the bilateral signified-signifier relation, but does not alter the signified of the linguistic sign. A metaphor can moreover arise from the mere discrepancy between a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic relation, and although metaphors must not to be confused with ordinary lexical neutralization, they can produce what Coseriu calls “metaphorical neutralization”. The third category gathers observations on the role of metaphor in shaping (linguistic and trans-linguistic) “meaning” across various domains of culture (art, science, philosophy, religion). Notably instructive are Coseriu’s concise remarks on the metaphorical use of elements from previous semantic layers (language-specific procedures and functions, as well as contexts of speaking) to produce text-specific sense values, and on the constitutive function of metaphors in poetic texts (broadly construed). To conclude the article, we zoom in on Coseriu’s single major study on metaphor, “La creación metafórica en el lenguaje” (Coseriu 1956). The significance of this study lies in the fact that metaphor, or better still: metaphorical creation, is explicitly conceptualized before the background of Coseriu’s general theory of language. While anticipating a “cognitive” perspective on language and metaphor, Coseriu’s account goes beyond current approaches in that metaphor, like language overall, is conceived as an ongoing, dynamic and ever-changing activity (enérgeia) in which metaphors are as common as they are constitutive.This article examines Eugenio Coseriu’s approach to metaphor in natural language. We first review occasional observations on metaphor scattered throughout Coseriu’s scholarly work, in texts spanning from the 1960s to the end of his life. These observations can be broadly classified into three categories. Into the first one fall references to metaphorical instances of habitualized language use (“discours répété’), which often have complex linguistic and cultural histories. The second category is made up of dispersed remarks on the various elements and levels of the structure of a metaphor from a linguistic point of view. Of particular importance are the comments that metaphors are “usages” rather than language-specific “functions” (i.e. signifieds). A metaphor presupposes the bilateral signified-signifier relation, but does not alter the signified of the linguistic sign. A metaphor can moreover arise from the mere discrepancy between a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic relation, and although metaphors must not to be confused with ordinary lexical neutralization, they can produce what Coseriu calls “metaphorical neutralization”. The third category gathers observations on the role of metaphor in shaping (linguistic and trans-linguistic) “meaning” across various domains of culture (art, science, philosophy, religion). Notably instructive are Coseriu’s concise remarks on the metaphorical use of elements from previous semantic layers (language-specific procedures and functions, as well as contexts of speaking) to produce text-specific sense values, and on the constitutive function of metaphors in poetic texts (broadly construed). To conclude the article, we zoom in on Coseriu’s single major study on metaphor, “La creación metafórica en el lenguaje” (Coseriu 1956). The significance of this study lies in the fact that metaphor, or better still: metaphorical creation, is explicitly conceptualized before the background of Coseriu’s general theory of language. While anticipating a “cognitive” perspective on language and metaphor, Coseriu’s account goes beyond current approaches in that metaphor, like language overall, is conceived as an ongoing, dynamic and ever-changing activity (enérgeia) in which metaphors are as common as they are constitutive
Tiergestützte Bildung im Kontext des One Health-Ansatzes und der Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – eine Annäherung
No full textIm Kontext der Mehrfachkrisen des 21. Jahrhunderts spielen Tiere eine zentrale Rolle. Dabei werden Tiere in den diskursiven Kontexten unterschiedlich konstruiert. Das komplexe In-Beziehung-Setzen des One Health-Ansatzes, der Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) und tiergestützter Bildung ist dabei in den Debatten allerdings bisher weitgehend randständig geblieben, obwohl Tiere selbstständig agierende Akteure sind. An diesem Desiderat setzt der vorliegende Aufsatz an. Die Annäherung an die intendierten und nicht-intendierten Interdependenzen der genannten Ansätze erlaubt es, die Komplexität der Verbundenheit von Menschen, Tieren und Naturen zu verdeutlichen und die Rolle von Tieren innerhalb dieser Ansätze transformativ neu zu denken.
All ears on? A survey on podcasters’ profiles, practices and self-perceptions
Get PDFDespite the continuous growth in podcast consumption among listeners and podcast offerings on various streaming platforms, there remains a lack of research concerning podcasters. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of the profiles, practices, role perceptions, and values of podcasters based on the results of an online survey among 1 073 podcasters from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The findings reveal that podcasters are predominantly male, middle-aged, and academically educated. Regarding their professional practices and profiles, the majority of podcasters lack prior experience in the field of journalism despite often taking on journalistic functions. Concerning their perception of their roles and values, podcasters place significant emphasis on the relevance of entertainment, education, and information dissemination. Overall, they demonstrate a strong orientation towards the needs of their audiences. As podcasts continue to gain popularity among audiences, studying podcast producers helps to better understand their content creation processes, prioritized topics, and approaches to engaging with their audiences
Adaptionen des Friedensbegriffs in Caesars Kriegsberichten
Get PDFUm den Friedensbegriff in Caesars Kriegsberichten herauszuarbeiten, werden Stellen aus zwei Texten des zeitgenössischen Politikers und Denkers Cicero (De re publica und De officiis) herangezogen. Cicero bestimmt Frieden durch eine rechtliche Ordnung und Sprache als ihrem Instrument. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird deutlich, dass Frieden in Caesars Bericht über die Eroberung Galliens (commentarii de bello Gallico) eine imperiale Rechtsordnung statuiert, wo zuvor offene Verhältnisse bestanden. Im Bericht über den Bürgerkrieg (commentarii de bello civili) dagegen greift Caesar auf eine republikanische Rechtsordnung zurück, die dem Krieg als zu restituierendes Modell vorausgeht und so den Friedensbegriff bestimmt. Verhandlungen aus gleichrangigen Positionen werden zum Ziel erklärt, was sich stilistisch in der Zunahme direkter Rede niederschlägt. Die Untersuchung erweist nicht nur Caesars Friedensbegriff als situativ adaptiert und von der Art des Krieges abhängig, sondern erhellt auch den in der Forschung oft diskutierten Einsatz indirekter und direkter Rede als stilistische Mittel imperialer beziehungsweise republikanischer Friedensordnung. Letztere ist Referenzpunkt insbesondere für die Debatte am Apsus und die Schlachtreden der beiden Bürgerkriegsgegner Caesar und Pompejus in den commentarii de bello civili (3, 19 und 85–86)
Tuberculosis in Times of War and Peace
Get PDFThis chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of tuberculosis (TB) across different historical contexts of war and peace, underscoring the disease’s resilience and adaptability. It highlights the exacerbation of TB transmission due to war-related factors such as mass displacement, malnutrition, and compromised healthcare systems, while also noting periods of peace as opportunities for advancing TB control measures. The chapter examines the impact of major conflicts on TB incidence and management, including World Wars I and II and more recent conflicts like the Ukraine war. It also discusses the evolution of TB control efforts, from the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to modern strategies against drug-resistant TB, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration and integrated public health strategies to combat this enduring global health challenge
Examining exposure diversity on Google News in Australia
No full textThis article presents results from a sub-project established under thebanner of the ADM+S Australian Search Experience ‘citizen science’research project. The aim was to characterise news recommendationspresented to Australians through Google News. The project investigatedthe search results for 20 keywords related to Australian politics and globalissues, including names of politicians, political parties, global sportingevents and various COVID-related terms. Keywords were organised intotwo keyword sets: ‘Australian Politics’ and ‘Global Issues’. Theresearchers found that Google News search results were not personalisedwith respect to demographics or geography. A small subset of domainsdominated the first page of results. While several major Australian newsdomains were regularly observed for the ‘Australian Politics’ keyword set,the ‘Global Issues’ category featured more news domains from the UnitedStates and the United Kingdom. These findings help to better understandhow search engines present news content to ordinary internet users.
