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Influence of the relative enamel abrasivity of toothpastes (REA value) on the wear of eroded enamel
No full textEroded enamel is more susceptible to abrasion than healthy one. The present study aims to determine the impact of toothpaste abrasiveness (REA-value) and brushing force on enamel wear after erosion. 140 enamel samples from bovine teeth were divided into seven groups (N = 20). Each group was assigned a different toothpaste with varying levels of abrasiveness (groups 1+2: Candida Parodin (REA 2), groups 3+4: Candida Multicare (REA 9), and groups 5+6: Candida White Micro Crystals (REA 19)). The samples were first exposed to a citric acid solution (pH 2.60; 2 min) to simulate an erosive attack and then subjected to brushing with the assigned toothpaste using an automatic brushing machine at 1- and 2-N brushing force. Samples of group 7 were left unbrushed and served as the control group. The erosive/abrasive cycling was repeated 10 times. Enamel wear was measured profilometrically. Higher erosive/abrasive wear was observed in all toothpaste groups compared to the control. In all toothpaste groups, erosive/abrasive wear was significantly higher at 2-N brushing force than 1 N (P < 0.05). At 1-N and 2-N force, Candida Parodin showed lower enamel wear than Candida Multicare and Candida White Micro Crystals. The results showed that toothpastes with higher REA values result in greater abrasion of eroded enamel, but only up to a certain value. Eroded tooth structure is more prone to abrasion at higher contact pressure, but REA value has a greater influence. Patients with erosion should use toothpaste with low REA value and avoid excessive contact pressure
Zahnärztlicher Behandlungsbedarf und Behandlungshäufigkeit von Inhaftierten in Basel
No full textThe aim of this retrospective descriptive study was to identify the treatment frequency of prisoners and the associated need for dental treatment, as well as to analyse the associations between the DMFT index, general health conditions (mental health) and health behaviour (cigarette smoking). For this purpose, the medical records (secondary data) from 2018-2020 of 317 inmates receiving dental treatment from two Basel prisons were examined, categorized and statistically evaluated using linear regression models (RECORD 1.1, 1.2).
At the time of the medical history, 87.1% of the inmates were taking at least one medication, 47.9% of them psychotropic drugs and 52.7% analgesics. 5.5% had a hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Opioid use correlated with HCV infection: 24.5% of opioid users (m/f) were also HCV+. Teeth had to be removed in 58.7% of inmates. The DMFT index was 1.85 times higher in smokers than in non-smokers. With each pack of cigarettes per day, the DMFT index increased 1.44-fold. The DMFT index in prisoners with mental illness was 1.5 times higher.
Possible approaches to improve general and dental health include drug prevention, withdrawal therapy, sports promotion, dental health education and the provision of oral hygiene products. It is recommended that further studies be conducted with comprehensive examinations of inmates.In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Krankenakten der Jahre 2018-2020 von 317 zahnmedizinisch behandelten Inhaftierten (84.9% Männer, 15.1% Frauen) aus zwei Basler Gefängnissen untersucht und statistisch ausgewertet.
Zum Zeitpunkt der Anamnese nahmen 87.1% der Inhaftierten mindestens ein Medikament ein, davon 47.9% Psychopharmaka und 52.7% Analgetika. 5.5% hatten eine Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV) Infektion; Frauen waren häufiger betroffen (13%) als Männer (4.2%). Der Opioidkonsum korrelierte mit HCV-Infektionen: 24.5% der Opioidkonsumenten (m/w) waren zugleich HCV+. Eine akute Pulpitis war die häufigste Ursache für zahnärztliche Notfallbehandlungen. Bei 58.7% der Inhaftierten mussten Zähne entfernt werden. Der durchschnittliche DMFT-Index betrug 6 (mean 6, median 3). Bei Rauchern war der DMFT-Index 1.85-fach höher als bei Nichtrauchern. Mit jeder Zigarettenpackung/Tag stieg der DMFT-Index um das 1.44-fache. Der DMFT-Index bei Inhaftierten mit psychischer Erkrankung war um das 1.5-fache erhöht.
Mögliche Ansätze zur Verbesserung der allgemeinen und zahnmedizinischen Gesundheit sind Drogenprävention und Entzugstherapie speziell für junge Zielgruppen, Sportförderung zur Verbesserung der mentalen Gesundheit und Aufklärung zur Zahngesundheit sowie Bereitstellung von Mundhygieneartikeln
AMMICO, an AI-based Media and Misinformation Content Analysis Tool
No full textammico (AI-based Media and Misinformation Content Analysis Tool) is a publicly available software package written in Python 3, whose purpose is the simultaneous evaluation of the text and graphical content of image files. After describing the software features, we provide an assessment of its performance using a multi-country, multi-language data set containing COVID-19 social media disinformation posts. We conclude by highlighting the tool’s advantages for communication research
Grundlagenforschung, Tierversuche und Tierschutzrecht: Eine Auslegeordnung
No full textDie Tierversuchsregulierung nach Schweizer Recht zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Regelungsdichte aus. Experimente, die mit einer Belastung für die Versuchstiere einhergehen, sind auf das unerlässliche Mass zu beschränken. Das heisst, sie müssen so ausgestaltet sein, dass sie das Versuchsziel mit einer möglichst geringen Belastung für die Versuchstiere erreichen können (instrumentale Unerlässlichkeit) und müssen unentbehrlich sein, um den verfolgten Zweck zu erreichen (finale Unerlässlichkeit). Zentral für die Beurteilung der finalen Unerlässlichkeit ist dabei die Durchführung einer Interessen- bzw. Güterabwägung zwischen den Belastungen der Versuchstiere und dem erwarteten Nutzen des Vorhabens. Schwierigkeiten bietet dabei insbesondere die Gewichtung des Nutzens von Grundlagenforschung, da bei dieser im Voraus nur schwer absehbar ist, ob und wann der geplante Erkenntnisgewinn für eine praktische Anwendung verwertbar gemacht werden kann. Dieser Aspekt muss jedoch gemäss bundesgerichtlicher Rechtsprechung in der Güterabwägung abgeschätzt und entsprechend gewichtet werden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz analysiert die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen für Tierversuche, legt dabei ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Herausforderungen im Umgang mit Tierversuchen zwecks Grundlagenforschung und beleuchtet aktuelle Diskussionen zur Thematik
Tissue integration and vascularization of volume collagen matrices and connective tissue grafts following peri-implant soft tissue augmentation: a secondary histological analysis
No full textThis study aimed to histologically reanalyze tissue integration and vascularization of volume collagen matrices (VCMX) and subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) at 3 and 4 months following peri-implant soft tissue augmentation. Peri-implant soft tissue augmentation was performed with VCMX or SCTG and biopsies were harvested at 3 and 4 months. Secondary analyses included descriptive histology, blood vessel count and tissue composition [remaining matrix, peri-implant connective tissue containing 3 different components (collagen bundles, elastic connective tissue and loose connective tissue), elastic fibers and background]. A total of 21 samples were analyzed (VCMX: 6/9 biopsies at 3/4 months; SCTG: 6 biopsies at 3 months). Compared to SCTG, VCMX sites displayed fewer and smaller blood vessels within denser tissue. Collagen bundles in VCMX were thicker, whereas SCTG sites displayed a looser tissue structure. The proportion of elastic connective tissue were 22.5% (VCMX/3 months), 32,7% (VCMX/4 months) and 17.4% (SCTG/3 months). Additionally, VCMX samples at 3 months also showed the highest proportion of elastic fibers (10,7%). Peri-implant soft tissue augmentation with VCMX resulted in reduced vascularization but increased tissue density compared to sites augmented with SCTG
Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip
No full textA 48-year-old woman presented with a submucosal, slow-growing tumor of over 1.5 cm in the left upper lip. The enucleation was performed in local anesthesia and after a curved incision cranial to the tumor. The histopathology showed an encapsulated tumor with three diagnostic components: 1) epithelial (ductal) component forming the inner layer of cysts and tubules, 2) myoepithelial cells as their outer layer and 3) myxoid mesenchymal stroma. The healing was uneventful and only a thin scar on the mucosa was visible in the follow up. Pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary gland are less common than those of the major salivary gland, with the upper lip being the second most localisation after the palate. Enucleation is the treatment of choice, with care taken to ensure the pseudocapsule remains intact.A 48-year-old woman presented with a submucosal, slow-growing tumor of over 1.5 cm in the left upper lip. The enucleation was performed in local anesthesia and after a curved incision cranial to the tumor. The histopathology showed an encapsulated tumor with three diagnostic components: 1) epithelial (ductal) component forming the inner layer of cysts and tubules, 2) myoepithelial cells as their outer layer and 3) myxoid mesenchymal stroma. The healing was uneventful and only a thin scar on the mucosa was visible in the follow up. Pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary gland are less common than those of the major salivary gland, with the upper lip being the second most localisation after the palate. Enucleation is the treatment of choice, with care taken to ensure the pseudocapsule remains intact
What the Public Wants to Know: A Text-as-Data Study of Information Requests to the UK Government through the WhatDoTheyKnow Platform
No full textAccess to information (ATI) policies are perceived as serving predominantly a government oversight function, utilized by investigative journalists and activists to reveal political corruption or misconduct. In this study, I apply text-as-data methods to 37,356 information requests submitted to the UK central government through the online participation platform WhatDoTheyKnow over a decade to explore public information demand. I analyze what information citizens seek and categorize it based on the probability of specific topics within the sample of requests. Citizens use online participation platforms such as WhatDoTheyKnow because it lowers the barriers to interacting with the state, and it is often the only way to obtain information, as, based on access to information laws, bureaucracies are legally obliged to respond. In line with previous research, the findings show that submitted requests are heterogeneous. By focusing on one of the identified topics — UK Welfare Reform — I also demonstrate that information requests can serve as an indicator of public reactions to recently adopted or reformed policies. Citizens use them to share their experiences, voice concerns about how these policies impact their lives, and seek clarification
Workshop Report: Implementationof the 3Rs – Regulatory Animal Testing and Current Debates on Transparency in Animal Experimentation
No full textThis workshop report summarizes the key findings and discussions from the event “Implementation of the 3Rs in Swiss Law – Regulatory Animal Testing and Current Debates on Transparency in Animal Experimentation”, held on March 20, 2025, in Zurich. The workshop brought together experts from academia, regulatory bodies, and NGOs to address two central topics in animal research: regulatory chemical safety assessments and transparency as a legal requirement.This workshop report summarizes the key findings and discussions of the event “Implementation of the 3Rs in Swiss Law – Regulatory Animal Testing and Current Debates on Transparency in Animal Experimentation”, held in Zurich on 20 March 2025. The workshop brought together experts from academia, regulatory bodies, and NGOs to address two key issues in animal research: regulatory chemical safety assessments and transparency as a legal requirement
Prophets and Grammarians: On the Purpose and Method of Higher Education in Reformation Zurich
No full textAfter years of preparation, in June 1525 Zwingli’s plan could finally come to fruition: from then on learned scholars would give daily public and free lectures in Latin on theology, rhetoric, dialectic and poetics. This marked the beginning of the history of higher education in Zurich, which was due to culminate in the foundation of the University of Zurich three centuries later. But what was Zwingli’s intention in giving birth to those public lectures? Which models inspired him and how should his purposes be fleshed out in the classroom? The article addresses these questions by pointing to the essential connection that, according to the Zurich Reformers, linked prophecy and grammar together.After years of preparation, in June 1525 Zwingli’s plan could finally come to fruition: from then on learned scholars would give daily public and free lectures in Latin on theology, rhetoric, dialectic and poetics. This marked the beginning of the history of higher education in Zurich, which was due to culminate in the foundation of the University of Zurich three centuries later. But what was Zwingli’s intention in giving birth to those public lectures? Which models inspired him and how should his purposes be fleshed out in the classroom? The article addresses these questions by pointing to the essential connection that, according to the Zurich Reformers, linked prophecy and grammar together