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Viskosupplementation im Vergleich zur Arthrozentese bei der Behandlung von Bandscheibenvorfällen ohne Reposition: eine systematische Übersicht: a systematic review
No full textThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of viscosupplementation and arthrocentesis in the management of patients with disc displacement without reduction (DDwR). This review critically analysed randomized clinical trials, following PRISMA guidelines and with a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025650126). A comprehensive search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar. The PICOS framework guided the inclusion criteria, considering Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study design. Keywords such as “Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome”, “Temporomandibular Joint”, “Temporomandibular Joint Disc”, “Arthrocentesis”, and “Viscosupplementation” were used, individually and in combination. After screening and applying eligibility criteria, five study articles were included and assessed for risk of bias, level of evidence, and reported clinical outcomes. Both techniques were efficacious in controlling pain and improving the range of jaw opening. Arthrocentesis alone showed satisfactory results, but its association with viscosupplementation, especially with the use of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) or Injectable Platelet Rich Plasma (I-PRF), enhanced clinical effects. The choice of material for viscosupplementation appeared to have a direct impact on clinical outcomes. However, most of the study articles evaluated presented a high risk of bias, demonstrating the need for further research with greater methodological rigor for the scientific consolidation of these protocols. Although arthrocentesis remains a well-established management approach, viscosupplementation has emerged as a promising alternative, especially when combined with biomaterials, offering potential for improving patient outcomes in clinical practice.Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit von Viskosupplementation und Arthrozentese bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit Bandscheibenvorfall ohne Reposition (DDwR) zu vergleichen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit analysierte randomisierte klinische Studien kritisch gemäß den PRISMA-Richtlinien und mit einem in PROSPERO (CRD42025650126) registrierten Protokoll. Es wurde eine umfassende Suche in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase und Google Scholar durchgeführt. Das PICOS-Framework diente als Leitfaden für die Einschlusskriterien unter Berücksichtigung von Population, Intervention, Vergleich, Ergebnis und Studiendesign. Es wurden Schlüsselwörter wie „Temporomandibuläres Gelenksyndrom“, „Temporomandibuläres Gelenk“, „Temporomandibuläre Gelenkscheibe“, „Arthrozentese“ und „Viskosupplementation“ einzeln und in Kombination verwendet. Nach dem Screening und der Anwendung der Eignungskriterien wurden fünf Studien einbezogen und hinsichtlich des Risikos für Bias, des Evidenzgrades und der berichteten klinischen Ergebnisse bewertet. Beide Techniken waren wirksam bei der Schmerzkontrolle und der Verbesserung des Mundöffnungsumfangs. Die Arthrozentese allein zeigte zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse, aber ihre Kombination mit einer Viskosupplementation, insbesondere mit Hyaluronsäure (HA) oder injizierbarem plättchenreichem Plasma (I-PRF), verstärkte die klinischen Effekte. Die Wahl des Materials für die Viskosupplementation schien einen direkten Einfluss auf die klinischen Ergebnisse zu haben. Die meisten der ausgewerteten Studien wiesen jedoch ein hohes Verzerrungspotenzial auf, was die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschungen mit größerer methodischer Stringenz für die wissenschaftliche Konsolidierung dieser Protokolle deutlich macht. Obwohl die Arthrozentese nach wie vor eine etablierte Behandlungsmethode ist, hat sich die Viskosupplementation als vielversprechende Alternative herausgestellt, insbesondere in Verbindung mit Biomaterialien, und bietet vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Verbesserung der Patientenergebnisse in der klinischen Praxis.L\u27objectif de cette étude était de comparer l\u27efficacité de la viscosupplémentation et de l\u27arthrocentèse dans la prise en charge des patients présentant un déplacement discal sans réduction (DDwR). Cette revue a analysé de manière critique des essais cliniques randomisés, conformément aux directives PRISMA et avec un protocole enregistré dans PROSPERO (CRD42025650126). Une recherche exhaustive a été effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase et Google Scholar. Le cadre PICOS a guidé les critères d\u27inclusion, en tenant compte de la population, de l\u27intervention, du comparateur, des résultats et de la conception de l\u27étude. Des mots clés tels que « syndrome de dysfonctionnement de l\u27articulation temporo-mandibulaire », « articulation temporo-mandibulaire », « disque de l\u27articulation temporo-mandibulaire », « arthrocentèse » et « viscosupplémentation » ont été utilisés, individuellement et en combinaison. Après sélection et application des critères d\u27éligibilité, cinq études ont été incluses et évaluées en fonction du risque de biais, du niveau de preuve et des résultats cliniques rapportés. Les deux techniques se sont révélées efficaces pour contrôler la douleur et améliorer l\u27amplitude d\u27ouverture de la bouche. L\u27arthrocentèse seule a donné des résultats satisfaisants, mais son association avec la viscosupplémentation, en particulier avec l\u27utilisation d\u27acide hyaluronique (AH) ou de plasma riche en plaquettes injectable (I-PRF), a amélioré les effets cliniques. Le choix du matériau utilisé pour la viscosupplémentation semble avoir un impact direct sur les résultats cliniques. Cependant, la plupart des études évaluées présentaient un risque élevé de biais, démontrant la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches avec une plus grande rigueur méthodologique pour la consolidation scientifique de ces protocoles. Bien que l\u27arthrocentèse reste un traitement consolidé, la viscosupplémentation est apparue comme une alternative prometteuse, en particulier lorsqu\u27elle est associée à des biomatériaux, offrant des perspectives prometteuses pour améliorer les résultats des patients dans la pratique clinique
Straflos jenseits der Kantonsgrenze? Zur strafrechtlichen Verfolgung kantonaler Übertretungen im Jugendstrafverfahren
No full textIm Rahmen der letzten StPO-Revision wurde im Jugendstrafrecht der Gerichtsstand angepasst. Neu gilt das Wohnortprinzip gemäss Art. 10 Abs. 1 JStPO auch für Übertretungen. Dadurch ergibt sich für kantonsrechtliche Übertretungen eine paradoxe Folge: Wer als Jugendlicher ausserhalb seines Wohnkantons gegen kantonales Übertretungsstrafrecht verstösst, bleibt straflos. Der Beitrag zeigt, weshalb pragmatische Lösungen de lege lata an rechtsstaatliche Grenzen stossen und nur eine gezielte Anpassung des kantonalen Rechts diese Strafbarkeitslücke schliessen kann.
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La dernière révision du CPP a revu les règles de for applicables en droit pénal des mineurs. Désormais, le principe du domicile prévu à l\u27art. 10 al. 1 PPMin s\u27applique également aux contraventions. Cette modification a pour effet, dans le domaine des contraventions cantonales, de soustraire à toute poursuite le mineur qui commet une infraction en dehors de son canton de domicile. Le présent article montre en quoi les solutions pragmatiques de lege lata se heurtent aux limites de l\u27État de droit et pourquoi seule une adaptation ciblée du droit cantonal peut combler cette lacune en matière de punissabilité
Mediated and Public Perception of Hazards, Impacts, and Actions About Wildfire Smoke Exposure
No full textExposure to wildfire smoke has serious health implications, highlighted by public and media attention each fire season. This study combines datasets from newspaper archives, social media, and a national survey to assess how hazards, impacts, and protective actions are discussed across different types of media. We found protective actions are underdiscussed in traditional and social media, especially in information-seeking contexts. The survey indicated the public would benefit from more wildfire smoke information. Results show how media and public data can help describe the risk communication environment surrounding hazards like wildfire smoke.
Schweizerisches Familienrecht, September-Dezember 2024
No full textEntsprechend dem Ziel der «Zeitschriften des Rechts», die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird mit dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften zum schweizerischen Familienrecht aus dem Zeitraum September-Dezember 2024 vorgelegt.Entsprechend dem Ziel der «Zeitschriften des Rechts», die von Tag zu Tag anschwellenden und zunehmend verstreuten Veröffentlichungen zum Recht zu sammeln, zu sichten und hieraus eine Auswahl aktuell besonders lesenswerter Texte zu treffen, wird mit dieser Ausgabe eine Auswahl der Schriften zum schweizerischen Familienrecht aus dem Zeitraum September-Dezember 2024 vorgelegt
Candidate Party, Gender, and the Face Mask as a Political Symbol in Campaign Advertisements
No full textDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask became politicized in the United States, with politicians and reporters employing competing public safety and civil liberties frames in discussions of masking. In this research, we argue that political candidates’ decisions to speak about and depict mask-wearing in their political advertising were strategic, depending on both the candidate’s party and gender. We examine political ads run on Facebook and on television by federal candidates during the 2020 U.S. campaigns. We use Amazon’s deep learning algorithms for PPE (personal protective equipment) detection. We extract the text and audio of each ad to identify mentions of masks and use an à la Carte embedding regression model to understand how the usage of the term mask differs across covariates. We find that images of masks are much more common than mentions of masks, that there are significant partisan, but not gender, differences in the use of masks, and that there are both partisan and gender differences in the way that candidates speak about masking. This research demonstrates the utility of a novel approach to collecting data. It also suggests that public health measures can become partisan in a campaign environment, with the potential to polarize both the views and behaviors of Democrats and Republicans
Tools of the Trade – When Are Software Tools Mentioned in Computational Text Analysis Research?
No full textThe use of computational methods for text analysis has been rapidly gaining a foothold in computational social science. Yet, little is known about the reporting practices of the software tools utilised in this field. This research note investigates the factors influencing the likelihood of software tools being mentioned in social science journal articles. To this end, we reviewed 406 journal articles, representing all computational text analysis articles published in top social science journals between 2016 and 2020, and identified all software tools reported. We explore both article-level and tool-level characteristics and investigate their association with the mentioning of software tools. Our findings indicate a consistent pattern of tool reporting across time and disciplines, while authors who detail methodological validation within their papers are more inclined to mention the software tools employed. Furthermore, we observe that software tools with greater accessibility tend to receive more frequent mentions, while the maintenance status of the tools does not significantly impact their frequency of being mentioned. We discuss the implications of these results for the further development of computational text analysis in social science and especially communication research
Supply and Demand on Alt-Tech Social Media: A Case Study of BitChute
No full textAs media platforms continue to develop content moderation policies, alternative platforms have emerged as safe havens for deplatformed content. As these alternatives to major media platforms grow, the importance of understanding their role in the media ecosystem grows too. In this paper, we perform a longitudinal study of the content dynamics of one such alternative media platform, BitChute. BitChute is an alternative video-hosting site similar to YouTube. We first theorize what technological affordances may drive the supply and demand of content on BitChute. We then test those theories through an analysis of 6,363,596 videos from 82,162 channels, which were viewed 2,868,117,905 times, over 54 months. We find that BitChute’s minimal content moderation drives much of the content supply and demand. Videos which were more offensive, certain, and covered commonly deplatformed topics were most popular. In particular, we find that BitChute fills a demand gap created by moderation policies on major media platforms around COVID-19 and - to a lesser extent - elections fraud. The most popular videos on the platform were re-uploaded videos that were banned by YouTube and Facebook. As a whole, our results suggest that BitChute’s current role is less as a town square and more as a backup for deplatformed video content
Extracting Meaningful Measures of Smartphone Usage from Android Event Log Data: A Methodological Primer
No full textAs smartphones become increasingly integral to daily life, their importance for understanding human behavior will only continue to grow. Recognizing the potential of objective data on smartphone usage and the challenges associated with raw Android event log data, this paper provides a foundational guide for extracting meaningful measures of smartphone usage from such data. We describe the characteristics of Android event log data, define key smartphone usage types (i.e., glances, sessions, and episodes), and briefly discuss common challenges in handling these data. The core of the paper presents a detailed practical procedure to extract relevant usage metrics (sessions, glances, app episodes) from raw Android event logs, described visually, verbally, and with pseudo-code (with sample data and code in R available in the supplementary materials). This guide aims to equip researchers with the knowledge and tools to effectively utilize Android event log data, advancing knowledge of smartphone use patterns and their effects
Boosting Transformers: Recognizing Textual Entailment for Classification of Vaccine News Coverage
No full textThe introduction of Transformers, neural networks employing self-attention mechanisms, revolutionized Natural Language Processing, handling long-range dependencies and capturing context effectively. Models like BERT and GPT, trained on massive text data, are at the forefront of Large Language Models and have found widespread use in text classification. Despite their benchmark performance, real-world applications pose challenges, including the requirement for substantial labeled data and class balance. Few-shot learning approaches, like the Recognizing Textual Entailment framework, have emerged to address these issues. RTE identifies relationships between a text T and a hypothesis H. T entails H if the meaning of H, as interpreted in the context of T, can be inferred from the meaning of T. This study explores an RTE-based framework for classifying vaccine-related news headlines with only 751 labeled data points distributed unevenly across 10 classes. The study evaluates eight models and procedures. The results highlight that deep transfer learning, combining language and task knowledge, like Transformers and RTE, enables the development of text classification models with superior performance, effectively addressing data scarcity and class imbalance. This approach provides a valuable protocol for creating new text classification models and delivers an advanced automated model for classifying vaccine-related content
Gender and Digital Disconnection: Experiences in Norway
No full textThis survey-based study examines digital disconnection experiencesamong 1,142 respondents in Norway, focusing on self-reportedbehaviors and opinions regarding digital media non-use in everyday life.Specifically, it highlights gender differences, along with othersociodemographic variations, found in the responses of 552 women and590 men. The results show that both genders reported spending ‘toomuch’ time on their smartphones, with women reporting this morefrequently. Yet notably, there is no significant difference in self-reportedscreen time estimates between the two genders. Moreover, womenreported imposing more frequent smartphone restrictions in variousscenarios, whereas men expressed greater opposition to authoritiesinterfering with Internet and smartphone use. Still, while thesedifferences are significant, the quantitative description reveals them tobe rather minor. This study seeks to advance the field of digitaldisconnection studies by integrating a gender perspective, therebycontributing to its interdisciplinary scope. Furthermore, it aims toestablish a foundation for future research, potentially expanding beyondcomparative analyses and the gender binary, and fostering more criticalperspectives