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“Like a sparkling sea in the sun”: a Coserian perspective on the metamorphoses of the reader in Martial’s Epigrams (1st c. A.D.)
No full textEntre los tan variados seres que pueblan los Epigramas del poeta latino Marco Valerio Marcial (s. I d.C.), encontramos un personaje que salta de un verso a otro convertido en espectador, intérprete, viajero, amante o comensal: se trata, justamente, del personaje del Lector, cuyo acto de lectura es una continua metamorfosis, pues de que leer siga siendo un verbo en ejecución constante depende la inmortalidad —dinámica, nunca estática—del poeta de Bílbilis, quien volverá a una nueva vida en cada reinterpretación. Así pues, el gran dinamismo con el que Marcial concibe el acto de lectura, siempre con la fuerza creadora de la metáfora, nos lleva a enmarcar nuestra interpretación de sus poemas en la teoría del hablar como energeia desarrollada por Eugenio Coseriu, así como en los postulados actuales de la Teoría Crítica de la Lingüística y del Lenguaje de Ana Agud.Among the many varied creatures that appear in the Epigrams by the Latin poet Marcus Valerius Martialis (1st c. A.D.), we find a character who jumps from one verse to another as a spectator, performer, traveller, lover or guest: this is precisely the character of the Reader, whose act of reading is a continuous metamorphosis, since the —dynamic, never static— immortality of the poet of Bílbilis, who will return to a new life with each reinterpretation, depends on the fact that ‘reading’ remains a verb in constant execution. Thus, the great dynamism with which Martial conceives the act of reading, always with the creative force of the metaphor, leads us to frame our interpretation of his poems in the theory of speaking as energeia developed by Eugenio Coseriu, as well as in the current postulates of Ana Agud\u27s Critical Theory of Linguistics and Language.Among the many varied creatures that appear in the Epigrams by the Latin poet Marcus Valerius Martialis (1st c. A.D.), we find a character who jumps from one verse to another as a spectator, performer, traveller, lover or guest: this is precisely the character of the Reader, whose act of reading is a continuous metamorphosis, since the —dynamic, never static— immortality of the poet of Bílbilis, who will return to a new life with each reinterpretation, depends on the fact that ‘reading’ remains a verb in constant execution. Thus, the great dynamism with which Martial conceives the act of reading, always with the creative force of the metaphor, leads us to frame our interpretation of his poems in the theory of speaking as energeia developed by Eugenio Coseriu, as well as in the current postulates of Ana Agud\u27s Critical Theory of Linguistics and Language.Among the many varied creatures that appear in the Epigrams by the Latin poet Marcus Valerius Martialis (1st c. A.D.), we find a character who jumps from one verse to another as a spectator, performer, traveller, lover or guest: this is precisely the character of the Reader, whose act of reading is a continuous metamorphosis, since the —dynamic, never static— immortality of the poet of Bílbilis, who will return to a new life with each reinterpretation, depends on the fact that ‘reading’ remains a verb in constant execution. Thus, the great dynamism with which Martial conceives the act of reading, always with the creative force of the metaphor, leads us to frame our interpretation of his poems in the theory of speaking as energeia developed by Eugenio Coseriu, as well as in the current postulates of Ana Agud\u27s Critical Theory of Linguistics and Language.Among the many varied creatures that appear in the Epigrams by the Latin poet Marcus Valerius Martialis (1st c. A.D.), we find a character who jumps from one verse to another as a spectator, performer, traveller, lover or guest: this is precisely the character of the Reader, whose act of reading is a continuous metamorphosis, since the —dynamic, never static— immortality of the poet of Bílbilis, who will return to a new life with each reinterpretation, depends on the fact that ‘reading’ remains a verb in constant execution. Thus, the great dynamism with which Martial conceives the act of reading, always with the creative force of the metaphor, leads us to frame our interpretation of his poems in the theory of speaking as energeia developed by Eugenio Coseriu, as well as in the current postulates of Ana Agud\u27s Critical Theory of Linguistics and Language.Among the many varied creatures that appear in the Epigrams by the Latin poet Marcus Valerius Martialis (1st c. A.D.), we find a character who jumps from one verse to another as a spectator, performer, traveller, lover or guest: this is precisely the character of the Reader, whose act of reading is a continuous metamorphosis, since the —dynamic, never static— immortality of the poet of Bílbilis, who will return to a new life with each reinterpretation, depends on the fact that ‘reading’ remains a verb in constant execution. Thus, the great dynamism with which Martial conceives the act of reading, always with the creative force of the metaphor, leads us to frame our interpretation of his poems in the theory of speaking as energeia developed by Eugenio Coseriu, as well as in the current postulates of Ana Agud\u27s Critical Theory of Linguistics and Language.Among the many varied creatures that appear in the Epigrams by the Latin poet Marcus Valerius Martialis (1st c. A.D.), we find a character who jumps from one verse to another as a spectator, performer, traveller, lover or guest: this is precisely the character of the Reader, whose act of reading is a continuous metamorphosis, since the —dynamic, never static— immortality of the poet of Bílbilis, who will return to a new life with each reinterpretation, depends on the fact that ‘reading’ remains a verb in constant execution. Thus, the great dynamism with which Martial conceives the act of reading, always with the creative force of the metaphor, leads us to frame our interpretation of his poems in the theory of speaking as energeia developed by Eugenio Coseriu, as well as in the current postulates of Ana Agud\u27s Critical Theory of Linguistics and Language
Oral squamous cell carcinoma misinterpreted as reaction to chronic mechanical trauma: report of two cases and critical review of the literature
No full textTraumatic and reactive lesions of the oral mucosa, caused unintentionally by mechanical, thermal, or chemical irritation, may develop either acutely or chronically. In most cases, traumatic ulcerations heal within two weeks once the causative irritant is removed. However, persistent irritation can lead to chronic hyperkeratosis or mimic oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), OPMDs such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis carry an increased risk of malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Clinically, reactive and potentially malignant lesions often present with overlapping features, rendering biopsy with histopathological evaluation essential for accurate diagnosis.
This article presents two clinical cases that were initially misdiagnosed as lesions resulting from chronic mechanical trauma (CMT). Histopathological examination revealed high-grade epithelial dysplasia (carcinoma in situ) in one patient and a moderately differentiated OSCC in the other. These cases highlight the importance of a structured diagnostic approach—including removal of mechanical irritants, histopathological assessment, and regular clinical follow-up—to ensure early detection and appropriate management of suspicious lesions of the oral mucosa
Transnational and Power-Critical: Refraiming Educational Migration Research within Relations of Inequality in French and German Schools
No full textIn dem Beitrag gehen wir anhand von zwei laufenden Promotionsprojekten der Frage nach, wie zu migrationsgesellschaftlich relevanten Themen geforscht werden kann, ohne die damit einhergehenden Spannungsverhältnisse – gleichzeitig in und zu Ungleichheitsverhältnissen zu forschen – einseitig aufzulösen. Wir skizzieren hierfür drei method(olog)ische Zugänge und reflektieren ihr Potenzial, in ihrer Kombination einen verantwortungsvollen Umgang etwa mit dem Dilemma der Reifikation zu finden: 1. ein ethnographischer und explorativer Forschungsstil, 2. eine macht- und rassismuskritische Perspektive und 3. eine transnationale Rahmung. Darüber hinaus plädieren wir für eine stetige Reflexionspraxis, die sich idealerweise im kollegialen Austausch vollzieht.In this article, we use two ongoing doctoral projects to explore the question of how research can be conducted on topics relevant to migration society without unilaterally resolving the accompanying tensions—researching inequality both within and in relation to it. To this end, we outline three methodological approaches and reflect on their potential, when combined, to find a responsible way of dealing with the dilemma of reification: 1. an ethnographic and exploratory research style, 2. a perspective critical of power and racism, and 3. a transnational framework. In addition, we advocate a practice of constant reflection, ideally carried out in collegial exchange
Abt Wolfgang Joner von Kappel (1471–1531): Ein reformatorischer Praktiker
No full textThis article explores the group of the so-called reformation practitioners, by which the author proposes to understand clergy (1) of local or regional significance who participated in the Reformation (2) not just for reasons of opportunity, but of actual agreement, but whose participation in the Reformation (3) is less visible by their own theological writings but by their involvement in processes of preparing and implementing actual church reforms. This topic is developed by a reassessment of Wolfgang Joner, Abbot of the Cistercian House of Kappel. An important representative of the rural clergy, he became an active supporter of Zwingli from a relatively early point of time. Exercising his influence on female convince, parishes, and participating in most of the important reform committees appointed by the Zurich magistrate, Abbott Wolfgang became a key factor in the preparation and implementation of Zurich’s reformation.This article explores the group of the so-called reformation practitioners, by which the author proposes to understand clergy (1) of local or regional significance who participated in the Reformation (2) not just for reasons of opportunity, but of actual agreement, but whose participation in the Reformation (3) is less visible by their own theological writings but by their involvement in processes of preparing and implementing actual church reforms. This topic is developed by a reassessment of Wolfgang Joner, Abbot of the Cistercian House of Kappel. An important representative of the rural clergy, he became an active supporter of Zwingli from a relatively early point of time. Exercising his influence on female convince, parishes, and participating in most of the important reform committees appointed by the Zurich magistrate, Abbott Wolfgang became a key factor in the preparation and implementation of Zurich’s reformation
Schlüsselrolle durch Schlüsselübergabe? Eine Sichtung der aktuellen Forschung zu Katharina von Zimmern
No full textThe current debate about Katharina von Zimmern, the last Abbess of the Fraumünster in Zurich, is as follows: One position insists on Katharina as an independent woman who decided herself to give the Fraumünster to Zurich. The other position analyses the function of an abbess and concludes that there was no other option for Katharina von Zimmern. Academic theology, however, is rather nonexistent in the discussion, and there is room for research on Katharina von Zimmern and the impact on theology in 1524.The current debate about Katharina von Zimmern, the last Abbess of the Fraumünster in Zurich, is as follows: One position insists on Katharina as an independent woman who decided herself to give the Fraumünster to Zurich. The other position analyses the function of an abbess and concludes that there was no other option for Katharina von Zimmern. Academic theology, however, is rather nonexistent in the discussion, and there is room for research on Katharina von Zimmern and the impact on theology in 1524
Liebe und Hass in der Kunst
Get PDFHinter dem Thema Liebe und Hass in der Kunst verbirgt sich eine ungeheure Komplexität, verbunden mit vielfältigen Assoziationen und moralischen Konnotationen, die Liebe als Tugend, Hass dagegen als Laster erscheinen lassen. Die Thematik ist vielschichtig und anspruchsvoll. Während Hildegard von Bingen noch 35 Tugenden, beginnend mit der ‹amor caelestis›, und ebenso viele Laster aufzählte, reduzierte sich das Spektrum in späteren moraltheologischen Systemen meist auf die sieben Tugenden – drei theologische (Glaube, Hoffnung, Liebe) und vier Kardinaltugenden. Ihnen gegenüber standen die sieben Todsünden. Dieses moralische Ordnungssystem bot der Kunst ein reiches Feld an Darstellungsmöglichkeiten, insbesondere in der Allegorisierung von Tugenden und Lastern. Bemerkenswert ist jedoch, dass der Hass, ‹odium›, weder bei Hildegard noch in den späteren Systemen explizit als eigenständiger Begriff auftaucht. Will man Hass in der Kunst dennoch thematisieren, sind andere methodische Zugänge erforderlich – etwa durch Bildanalysen, in denen Hass als Ausdrucksmotiv greifbar wird. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die künstlerischen Interpretationen von zwei biblischen Frauengestalten untersucht: Judith, die Holofernes eigenhändig enthauptete, und Salome, die den Kopf Johannes des Täufers durch den Scharfrichter forderte. Beide Taten waren von Hass durchdrungen, doch spielte hier auf komplexe Weise auch die Liebe eine Rolle
“It Already Started with Discrimination” : Punishment as Devaluation in the Migration Context: Macro- and Microaggressions in the Penal System Against Young Migrants
No full textEine umfassende europäische Studie belegt, dass Abwertung nicht lediglich auf der Einstellungsebene verbleibt, sondern sich bedeutsam im individuellen Handeln manifestiert (Zick et al. 2011). So konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen einer erhöhten Disposition zur Abwertung und der Befürwortung der Todesstrafe nachgewiesen werden (Zick et al. 2011, 117). Des Weiteren zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass „je stärker die Befragten gesellschaftliche Hierarchien legitimieren und je vehementer sie nach verschärften Strafen und Disziplin verlangen, desto ausgeprägter ihre Vorurteilsneigung ist“ (Zick et al. 2011, 174). Diese Befunde unterstreichen, dass Abwertung sich auf der Handlungsebene im Strafen widerspiegeln können, wenn „der bzw. die Bestrafte“ als Fremde*r markiert und kategorisiert wird.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer explorativen, qualitativ-interpretativen Fallstudie vorgestellt, in der ein leitfadenbasiertes Gruppeninterview mit zwei Befragten mit türkischer Migrationsbiografie ausgewertet wurde, die in Nordrhein-Westfalen offene und geschlossene Haftstrafen verbüßten. Zentral ist die Frage, ob Strafe im deutschen Strafvollzug als Praxis sozialer Abwertung und Othering fungiert. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich institutionelle Makroaggressionen (u. a. Racial Profiling, härtere Strafzumessung, systemische Etikettierung) und interaktionale Mikroaggressionen (z. B. entwertende Sprache, Willkür der Bewährungshelfer*innen, selektive Versetzung in den geschlossenen Vollzug) wechselseitig verstärken und in den Biographien der Betroffenen zu kumulativen Benachteiligungen führen. Damit liefert die Studie exemplarische Einblicke in die Mechanismen rassistischer Strafpraxis und macht zugleich deutlich, wie junge migrantische Männer permanent auf dem Bestrafungsradar der weißen Mehrheitsgesellschaft verbleiben.A comprehensive European study demonstrates that devaluation does not remain solely at the level of attitudes but manifests significantly in individual behavior (Zick et al. 2011). A correlation was established between an increased disposition towards devaluation and the endorsement of the death penalty (Zick et al. 2011, 117). Furthermore, the findings indicate that “the more strongly respondents legitimize social hierarchies and the more vehemently they demand harsher punishments and discipline, the more pronounced their tendency towards prejudice” (Zick et al. 2011, 174). These findings underscore that devaluation can be reflected in punitive actions, particularly when the ‘punished individual’ is marked and categorized as an outsider.
This article presents the findings of an exploratory, qualitative–interpretive case study in which a semi-structured group interview with two respondents of Turkish migration background both of whom served open and closed custodial sentences in North Rhine-Westphalia was analyzed. The central research question asks whether punishment within the German penal system functions as a practice of social devaluation and othering. The analysis demonstrates that institutional macroaggressions (e.g., racial profiling, harsher sentencing, systemic labeling) and interactional microaggressions (e.g., demeaning language, discretionary actions by probation officers, selective placement in closed custody) mutually reinforce one another, producing cumulative disadvantages throughout the respondents’ life courses. By doing so, the study offers illustrative insights into the mechanisms of racist penal practice and highlights how young migrant men remain perpetually caught in the punitive gaze of the white majority society
200 years of compulsory education (1825-2025): From the “Supreme Cabinet Order on School Discipline” to the school as a modern (re-)socialization instance
No full textAm 14. Mai 2025 jährte sich die Verkündung einer der wichtigsten, das Leben von Kindern und Jugendlichen betreffenden Normen zum 200.
Mal: Die Einführung der Schulpflicht in Preußen.
Dass Schulen über den Zeitraum von Jahrhunderten bereits Sozialisationsinstanzen geworden sind, ist unumstritten. Doch was bedeutet es eigentlich, wenn heutzutage von Schulen als Sozialisationsinstanzen die Rede ist? Und inwiefern hat sich das, was unter Sozialisation durch Schulen verstanden wird, verändert? Dieser Beitrag möchte sich mit den Ursprüngen und der historischen Wandlung des Sozialisationsauftrages von Schulen befassen. Schließlich wird auf die gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen und begrenzten Möglichkeiten von Schulen im Kontext erwarteter (Re-)Sozialisation hingewiesen, welche anlässlich des 200.
Jubiläums der Schulpflicht in Preußen eine neue, professionsübergreifende Agenda erfordern.May 14, 2025 marked the 200th anniversary of one of the most important norms affecting the lives of children and young people: the introduction of compulsory schooling in Prussia. It is undisputed that schools have become instances of socialization over the centuries. But what does it actually mean when we talk about schools as instances of socialization today? And to what extent has what is meant by socialization through schools changed? This article will look at the origins and historical transformation of the socialization mission of schools. Finally, the current challenges and limited possibilities of schools in the context of expected (re)socialization are pointed out, which require a new, cross-professional agenda on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of compulsory schooling in Prussia
Youth in the context of relational inequality research: Reflection on the categories of difference: ethnicity, gender, class and religion
No full textDer Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse einer Ethnografie- und Interviewstudie mit jungen Menschen einer deutschen Großstadt vor und diskutiert diese kritisch hinsichtlich der in der Analyse rekonstruierten und reproduzierten Differenzsetzungen. Rassistische und islamophobe Diskriminierungen sind einerseits alltägliche Erfahrungen des vorgestellten migrantisch-muslimischen Samples. Andererseits eröffnet die religiöse Lebensführung Sinnstiftung in einer prekären, kapitalistischen Welt. Wie die jungen Menschen mit sozialräumlichem Stigma, geschlechtsspezifischen Freiräumen und Rassismus von Peers und Polizei umgehen, wird anhand der Differenzkategorien Ethnie, Geschlecht, Klasse und Religion dargestellt und in gesamtgesellschaftliche Ungleichheitsverhältnisse (Rassismus, Patriarchat, Kapitalismus und Meritokratie, Islamophobie) eingebettet. Entlang dieser relationalen Ungleichheitsperspektive wird ein Zugang für eine machtsensible, anti-essentialistische Forschung, die die Reflexion der Forscher*innenpositionalität miteinschließt, im Schnittfeld Jugend, Migration und Religion ausgeleuchtet. Dieser zeigt, dass junge Menschen immer beides sind – Klassifizierte und Klassifizierende, Dominierte und Widerständige.This paper presents the results of an ethnographic and interview study with young people in a large German city and critically discusses them in terms of the differences reconstructed and reproduced in the analysis. On the one hand, racist and Islamophobic discrimination are everyday experiences for the migrant Muslim sample presented. On the other hand, a religious conduct of life provides meaning in a precarious, capitalist world. How young people deal with socio-spatial stigma, gender-specific freedoms and racism from peers and the police is illustrated using the categories of difference ethnicity, gender, class and religion and embedded in overall social inequalities (racism, patriarchy, capitalism and meritocracy, Islamophobia). Along this relational perspective of inequality, an approach to power-sensitive, anti-essentialist research that includes reflection on the positionality of the researcher is illuminated at the intersection of youth, migration and religion. The paper shows that young people are always both classified and classifying, dominated and resistant
Analytical reflexivity as consistent awareness of the situation of the phenomenon under investigation: considerations based on two projects on Muslim youth
No full textAusgehend von zwei verschiedenen Ethnografien über muslimische Jugend erarbeiten die Autorinnen ein methodologisches Verständnis für eine reflexive Forschungshaltung. In diesen Projekten in einem Feld, das durch machtvolle essentialisierende Diskurse geprägt ist, irritierte die methodologische Bedeutung von Reflexivität. Diese Irritation wird als Ausgangspunkt genommen, um sich mit Reflexivität als Grundprinzip interpretativer Sozialforschung auseinanderzusetzen und die forschungspraktischen Anwendungen des Konzepts kritisch zu beleuchten. Daran anschließend wird ein Konzept der analytischen Reflexivität erarbeitet, welches sich an der Methodologie der Situationsanalyse und ihrem postmodernen Sozialitätsverständnis orientiert. Based on two different ethnographies on Muslim youth, the authors develop a methodological understanding of a reflexive research approach. In these projects, which are set in a field characterized by powerful essentializing discourses, the methodological significance of reflexivity caused irritation. This irritation is taken as a starting point to examine reflexivity as a basic principle of interpretive social research and to critically examine the practical applications of the concept in research. Subsequently, a concept of analytical reflexivity is developed, which is based on the methodology of situation analysis and its postmodern understanding of sociality