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Punitive Youth Welfare : Sexually Offending Adolescents’ Perceptions of Punishment and Its Effects on Resocialization Processes
No full textDie Zunahme von Kindern und Jugendlichen als Tatverdächtige bei Sexualdelikten sowie eine Verschärfung von Strafen und eine gesellschaftlich steigende Punitivität in diesem Bereich sind Entwicklungen, die auch Auswirkungen auf die Jugendhilfe haben. Sozialpädagogische Angebote für sexuell übergriffige Kinder und Jugendliche und der Umgang durch das soziale Umfeld können einen Einfluss auf Desistance-Prozesse und Resozialisierung haben. Wie diese von den Minderjährigen selbst wahrgenommen werden, ist bislang noch nicht bekannt. Dieser Artikel untersucht anhand von qualitativen Interviews mit sexuell übergriffig gewordenen Jugendlichen, wie diese den gesellschaftlichen und pädagogischen Umgang nach der Tataufdeckung wahrnehmen und welche Auswirkung dies für Resozialisierungsprozesse hatThe increase in children and adolescents as suspects in sexual offenses as well as a tightening of penalties and a socially rising punitiveness in this area are developments that also have an impact on youth welfare. Socio-pedagogical services for children and adolescents with sexual offensive behavior as well as the handling of these cases by the social environment can have an influence on desistance processes and resocialization. How the minors themselves perceive these is not yet known. This article examines, based on qualitative interviews with adolescents who have committed sexual offenses, how they perceive societal and pedagogical responses after the offense has been uncovered and what impact this has on resocialization processes
Beyond Prison Walls: An Ecosystemic Review of Family Risks Following Incarceration
No full textIn der deutschsprachigen Forschung wurde bisher wenig Aufmerksamkeit auf die Auswirkungen der Inhaftierung von Strafgefangenen auf ihre nahen Angehörigen gerichtet. Dieser Beitrag untersucht anhand eines systematischen Literaturreviews mögliche Wirkzusammenhänge. Dafür wurden die Ergebnisse von 40 internationalen und nationalen Studien analysiert und in einem tentativen Rahmenmodell auf vier Wirkungsebenen zusammengefasst: Individuum, Mikro-, Meso- sowie Makro-/Exosystem. Die Ergebnisse, die überwiegend auf Daten aus den USA basieren, deuten auf ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von gesundheitlichen, sozioökonomischen und sozialen Nachteilen für die betroffenen Familien hin. Auch zeigen sich transgenerationale Phänomene. Besonders hervorzuheben sind Bildungsabschlüsse als eine mögliche Puffer- oder Schutzvariable, die negative Auswirkungen abmildern können. Die Analyse diskutiert die Einschränkung der transnationalen Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse und die Ursachen-Wirkungs-Beziehungen zwischen Inhaftierung und negativen Folgen für Angehörige. Dabei stellt sich aus sozialisationstheoretischer Sicht die Frage, inwieweit die Inhaftierung selbst oder andere kumulative Risikofaktoren für diese negativen Effekte verantwortlich sind. Insgesamt zeigen sich komplexe Wechselwirkungen.In German-speaking research, little attention has so far been paid to the impact of prisoners’ incarceration on their close relatives. This article investigates possible causal relationships through a systematic literature review. To this end, the findings of 40 international and national studies were analyzed and synthesized into a tentative framework model comprising four levels of impact: individual, micro-, meso-, and macro-/exosystem. The results—predominantly based on data from the United States—indicate a complex interplay of health-related, socioeconomic, and social disadvantages for affected families. Transgenerational phenomena also emerge. Educational attainment stands out in particular as a potential buffering or protective variable capable of mitigating negative effects. The analysis discusses the limited transnational transferability of the findings and the causal relationships between incarceration and negative consequences for relatives. From a socialization-theoretical perspective, this raises the question of whether incarceration itself or other cumulative risk factors are primarily responsible for these adverse effects. Overall, the review reveals complex interdependencies
Health Information Technology: An Umbrella Review of Health-Communication Research
No full textAchieving health equity is an established goal of health organisations (e.g., World Health Organization). Over the last 50 years, racial/ethnic health inequities have persisted across various conditions and subgroups despite increased technology deployment, because the structural factors that drive them remain (e.g., income inequality, lack of access to care). Research at the intersection of health equity and communication shows that technology can be utilised to promote health, prevent disease, and manage illness. However, less work has satisfied the issues described in the OECD report Health at a Glance: Europe 2022, such as to improve population health outcomes and health equity. So, we conducted an umbrella review of health-communication intervention research with a technology component to detail what is known and remains unknown, and used a broad, interdisciplinary perspective to provide recommendations for practice and future research. In them, we champion culturally-sensitive approaches that elevate the role of community members in the design, testing, and implementation of theory-informed interventions, such as participatory design or community-based participatory research strategies. Doing so leverages technology while reducing risk of intervention-generated inequalities. We recommend systematic integration of community-level variables such as social determinants of health to reveal population level intervention strategies to mitigate health inequality
Understanding Cancer Information Repertoires of Relatives and Patients: Findings from a German Cross-Sectional Online Survey
No full textWhen seeking cancer information, individuals combine various sources. To better understand multiple source use on the part of cancer patients and relatives, we examined their cancer information repertoires (CIRs) by applying the concept of media repertoires to cancer-information-seeking behaviour (CISB). We also aimed to characterise them using factors that influence CISB that have been identified in the literature. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 1,084 German cancer patients and their relatives via an online access panel. Based on a hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified five CIRs: expert-focused responsibility delegators, occasional online seekers, communicative allrounders, non-seekers, and safety-focused seekers. The data show that these types differed in terms of age, gender, cancer diagnosis, familial cancer risk, perceived severity, and information interest. The findings demonstrate that different subgroups prefer different combinations of sources, ranging from broad engagement to limited or targeted use. These insights are highly relevant to the design of tailored communication strategies. To effectively reach diverse audiences, cancer information efforts should combine multiple sources, including health professionals, high-quality online services, and informal networks such as family and friends
Federico Zuliani, L’Italia e Zwingli: Origine e sviluppi della Prima Riforma, 2024
No full textNo abstract available.No abstract available
Is there anything Left?: A Global Analysis on Changes in Engagement with Political Content on Twitter in the Musk Era
No full textOver the past few years, Twitter (now X) has become an influential platform for political discourse. However, prior research suggests that Twitter may be biased towards right-wing content. Following the change in ownership in October 2022, there have been several changes to Twitter’s policies, particularly in content flagging and Twitter Blue Verification. Understanding how any shifts in outcomes vary across different political ideologies is important for comprehending the evolving political discourse, especially given recent developments. To explore this issue, we examine shifts in engagement (characterized by likes and retweets) for political figures before and after November 2022, focusing on describing how engagement has changed over time. We perform a global analysis by collecting tweets from 6550 accounts belonging to political leaders and parties from twelve countries among the ones with the highest user activity on the platform, namely, Argentina, Brazil,Canada, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, between June 2021 and June 2023. Our findings indicate that the number of likes on political tweets increased after November 2022. However, we observe that the number of retweets decreased significantly, along with a marginal decrease in the likes-to-retweet ratio, with no statistically significant difference between the Left and the Right. Our study is the first to offera global perspective by examining how platform engagement has shifted during the Musk Era. To support further research, we release the data on politicians and parties used in this study, with their Twitter data available upon request.
What and why is the "Evolutionary Scale" in Swiss Animal Welfare Law? Putting the Platypus in its Place
No full textIn the Swiss Animal Welfare Law, paragraph 20 (2) specifically requires the selection of those animal species for experiments that are “lower on the evolutionary scale”. From a biological perspective, however, the idea of an evolutionary scale is clearly outdated. In this bioethical article we will (1) analyse the potential meaning of the “evolutionary scale paragraph” in the Swiss Animal Welfare Law, (2) shed light on the consequences for animal model selection in animal research and (3) critically discuss alternative approaches to the regulation of animal model selection, including the suggestion of a case-by-case approach. Shifting from general species-specific animal properties such as the ability to feel pain to study-specific aspects such as being harmed by living in isolation or by being handled by humans in a particular way could lead to criteria that promote a selection of animal models that differs to some extent from the current research practice. Empirical data on the implementation of such animal welfare-related criteria in the actual planning of a study are, however, lacking.In the Swiss Animal Welfare Law, paragraph 20 (2) specifically requires the selection of those animal species for experiments that are “lower on the evolutionary scale”. From a biological perspective, however, the idea of an evolutionary scale is clearly outdated. In this bioethical article, we will (1) analyse the potential meaning of the “evolutionary scale paragraph” in the Swiss Animal Welfare Law, (2) shed light on the consequences for animal model selection in animal research and (3) critically discuss alternative approaches to the regulation of animal model selection, including the suggestion of a case-by-case approach. Shifting from general species-specific animal properties such as the ability to feel pain to study-specific aspects such as being harmed by living in isolation or by being handled by humans in a particular way could lead to criteria that promote a selection of animal models that differs to some extent from the current research practice. Empirical data on the implementation of such animal welfare-related criteria in the actual planning of a study are, however, lacking
No local newspapers but WhatsApp? Political information repertoires, local media use and their effects in Switzerland
Get PDFIn the recent past, more attention in research has been drawn to local media (use). However, there are still blind spots in this area of research. Knowing from the news desert research that information on a subnational level is very important for a functioning democracy, insights in the use of information sources and local media is of high relevance. Especially in times of digital transformation with a growing amount of possible information news sources that compete with a ubiquitous amount of other content. This paper presents an analysis of a distinctive data set that offers insights into the subnational political information repertoires of the Bernese citizens (canton in Switzerland) and the role of local media. Four political information repertoires can be found: the informed socializers, the traditionalists, the wooed ones, and the online readers. Local media are still being used – more strongly by the older than the younger and by men than women. Local media use has no significant effect on voter turnout here, although it does have an effect on “Swiss split-ticket voting” (panaschieren). The findings from this work should both lay the groundwork for further research and provide insights for practitioners (local media professionals and politicians)