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El pádel en Portugal: caracterización de los practicantes y motivos de práctica
No full textO Padel foi introduzido em Portugal na década de 90 e
nos últimos anos tem revelado um crescimento acentuado de praticantes, clubes e competições. Para caracterizar os praticantes de padel em Portugal e analisar os
seus motivos para a prática, foram aplicados um questionário sociodemográfico e o Questionário de Motivação
para as Atividades Desportivas a 792 praticantes de padel, 643 do género masculino (81,2%) e 149 do feminino (18,8%), com idades entre os 11 e os 71 anos, com
uma média de idade de 38,4 ±10,3 anos. Os resultados
indicam que o padel é praticado em todo o país e que
os praticantes são predominantemente homens de nacionalidade portuguesa, com 30 a 49 anos e com habilitações académicas de nível universitário. A maioria apresenta um tempo de prática entre os 6 meses e os 3 anos,
com uma frequência de prática de 1 a 3 vezes/semana e
um volume de 2 a 6 horas/semana. Revelam ser principalmente praticantes sociais, com um nível intermédio,
que participam em aulas/treinos e em jogos/torneios. Os
motivos mais valorizados para a prática associam-se aos
fatores motivacionais “Forma Física”, “Desenvolvimento
de competências” e “Prazer”. Os menos importantes associam-se ao fator motivacional “Estatuto”. Os resultados
obtidos revelam relevância para clubes, treinadores, gestores desportivos e decisores institucionais interessados
em otimizar a promoção e o desenvolvimento do padel
em PortugalEl pádel se introdujo en Portugal en los 90 y recientemente revela un fuerte crecimiento de practicantes, clubes y competiciones. Para caracterizar los practicantes
de pádel en Portugal y analizar sus motivos de práctica,
se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Questionário de Motivação para as Atividades Desportivas a
792 practicantes de pádel, 643 hombres (81,2%) y 149
mujeres (18,8%), con edades entre 11 y 71 años y una
edad media de 38,4 ±10,3 años. Los resultados indican
que el pádel se practica en todo el país y que los practicantes son predominantemente hombres portugueses,
con edades entre 30 y 49 años y con titulaciones académicas de nivel universitario. La mayoría tiene un tiempo
de práctica entre 6 meses y 3 años, una frecuencia de 1
a 3 veces/semana y un volumen de 2 a 6 horas/semana.
Resultan ser principalmente practicantes sociales, con un
nivel intermedio, que participan en clases/entrenamientos y en partidos/torneos. Los motivos de práctica más
valorados se asocian a los factores motivacionales “Aptitud Física”, “Desarrollo de Competencias” y “Placer”. Los
menos importantes se asocian al factor motivacional “Estatus”. Los resultados obtenidos revelan relevancia para
clubes, entrenadores, gestores deportivos y responsables de la toma de decisiones institucionales interesados
en optimizar la promoción y el desarrollo del pádel en
Portuga
First radial excitations of mesons and diquarks in a contact interaction
No full textWe present a calculation for the masses of the first radially excited states of 40 mesons and diquarks made up
of u, d, s, c, and b quarks, including states that contain one or both heavy quarks. To this end, we employ a
combined analysis of the Bethe-Salpeter and Schwinger-Dyson equations within a self-consistent and
symmetry-preserving vector-vector contact interaction. The same set of parameters describes ground and
excited states of mesons and their diquark partners. The wave function of the first radial excitation contains a
zerowhose location is correlated with an additional parameter dF which is a function of dressed quark masses.
Our results satisfy the equal spacing rules given by the Gell-Mann Okubo mass relations. Wherever possible,
we make comparisons of our findings with known experimental observations as well as theoretical predictions
of several other models and approaches including lattice quantum chromodynamics, finding a very good
agreement. We report predictions for a multitude of radial excitations not yet observed in experiments.G. P.-T., L. X. G.-G., and also A. S. M. acknowledge the financial support provided to them by the National Council
for Humanities, Science and Technology (CONAHCyT), Mexico, through their programs: (i) Beca de Posgrado en
México, (ii) Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, and (iii) Postdoctorados Nacionales por México. This
research was also supported by Coordinación de la Investigación Científica (CIC) of the University of Michoacan through Grant No. 4.10 and Ayudas Beatriz Galindo, Spain.Ciencias Integrada
La protección del trabajador en los contratos individuales de trabajo internacionales en el marco de la Unión Europea
No full textEl presente trabajo de investigación versa sobre la materia relativa a la contratación internacional, más concretamente nos referiremos a los contratos individuales de trabajo internacionales en el marco de la Unión Europea. Para ello hemos abordado distintas perspectivas de estudio basándonos en dos sectores propios del Derecho internacional privado como son el Derecho aplicable y la competencia judicial internacional, puesto que cada uno de los mencionados sectores nos va a solucionar problemas propios que plantean en general las situaciones privadas internacionales y, en particular, las relaciones contractuales que presenten, al menos, un elemento de internacionalidad. Por tanto, nos encontramos ante problemas específicos que sólo plantean este tipo de relaciones jurídico-privadas, siendo tales situaciones el objeto del que se ocupa esta rama de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico estatal como es el Derecho internacional privado, de aquí precisamente deriva su peculiaridad.
Una vez realizada la necesaria contextualización histórica y se haya tratado el marco normativo de la regulación del contrato individual de trabajo en el marco de la UE, el propósito principal del presente trabajo es analizar los problemas de ley aplicable que se plantean en dicha categoría contractual en el ámbito de la UE, siendo, precisamente, el sector del Derecho aplicable, el fundamental en esta rama del Derecho, como es el Derecho Internacional Privado.
El material utilizado para adentrarnos en materia de contratos internacionales consiste en normas de Derecho de la Unión Europea, especialmente dos Reglamentos: por un lado, un instrumento normativo básico lo constituye el Reglamento (CE) núm. 593/2008, de 17 de junio de 2008, sobre la ley aplicable a las obligaciones contractuales. Como su propio nombre indica (aunque también se conoce como Reglamento “Roma I”) esta norma europea es de vital importancia a la hora de resolver uno de los problemas que plantea la contratación internacional, como es el determinar la ley aplicable a esa concreta situación objeto del Derecho internacional privado. Esta problemática nos la resuelve el sector del Derecho aplicable, núcleo fundamental de esta rama del ordenamiento jurídico. Podemos decir que el Reglamento “Roma I” vertebra todo el sistema normativo en torno a la ley aplicable.
Por otro lado, el Reglamento (CE) núm. 1215/2012, de 12 de diciembre del año 2012, relativo a la competencia judicial, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia civil y mercantil. Este instrumento europeo (denominado comúnmente como Reglamento “Bruselas I bis”) es clave a la hora de abordar uno de los problemas que presentan las relaciones jurídico-privadas con, al menos, un elemento de internacionalidad, como es el determinar qué tribunal estatal va a ser competente para conocer de un concreto litigio internacional. En este punto, nos encontramos en el sector de la competencia judicial internacional, centrándonos, al igual que en sede de ley aplicable, en lo concerniente a la existencia de una dualidad de regímenes (general/especial) para, posteriormente ocuparnos del contrato individual de trabajo con elemento extranjero. A lo largo del presente trabajo de investigación se lleva a cabo una labor comparativa entre la regulación del contrato individual de trabajo en sede de ley aplicable y, la regulación de dicha categoría contractual en sede de competencia judicial internacional, así como, las referencias oportunas a otros tipos de categorías contractuales (como, por ejemplo, el contrato internacional de consumo).
Además, abordaremos el estudio de determinadas Directivas de la Unión Europea, sobre todo de carácter sectorial, ocupando un papel destacado la Directiva 96/71/CE, de 16 de diciembre de 1996 y, de la Directiva (UE) 2018/957, de 28 de junio de 2018, (que modifica a la anterior), sobre el desplazamiento de trabajadores efectuado en el marco de una prestación de servicios. Todo ello acompañado de bibliografía y jurisprudencia, así como de bibliografía relativa a esta materia contenida en relevantes revistas especializadas de Derecho Internacional Privado (como es el caso del Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional Privado, Revista Española de Derecho Internacional, Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, etcétera).
Teniendo como punto de partida el hecho evidente de que no existe un Derecho privado a nivel mundial que pudiera ser aplicado por tribunales internacionales, se hace necesario, como avanzamos anteriormente, abarcar la materia que nos ocupa desde dos perspectivas distintas, así, a esta introducción, le siguen cuatro capítulos adicionales. Y, más en concreto:
En el capítulo 1 a fin de contextualizar la materia que nos ocupa, se realiza un breve recorrido histórico desde la necesidad de la existencia de un Derecho internacional privado europeo hasta la consecución de significativos avances en el ámbito de la cooperación judicial concretamente en materia civil. A este respecto trataremos dos hitos emblemáticos: en primer lugar, la transformación del Convenio de Bruselas de 1968 relativo a la competencia judicial y a la ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia civil y mercantil, en el Reglamento (CE) nº 44/2001 y posteriormente, en el Reglamento (CE) nº 1215/2012. Y, en segundo lugar, la conversión del Convenio de Roma de 1980 sobre la ley aplicable a las obligaciones contractuales en el Reglamento (CE) nº 593/2008. Además, se expondrán unas líneas generales acerca del contrato individual de trabajo en los ordenamientos jurídicos de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea.
El capítulo 2 se destina a realizar un planteamiento general respecto de los problemas de Derecho aplicable en los contratos individuales de trabajo en el marco de la Unión Europea. En este segundo capítulo se analiza lo relativo a la dualidad de regímenes en este sector fundamental del Derecho internacional privado como es el sector del Derecho aplicable. Dicha dualidad de regímenes también existe en sede de competencia judicial internacional, por este motivo se abordará la correlación existente entre forum-ius. A todo ello, debemos añadir una especial referencia al principio inspirador que justifica la existencia de un régimen especial tanto en el ámbito de la ley aplicable como en el ámbito de la competencia judicial internacional en materia de obligaciones contractuales. Precisamente el contrato individual de trabajo con elemento extranjero queda incluido en el régimen especial establecido para cada uno de estos sectores del Derecho internacional privado. En este sentido, entendemos necesaria una labor comparativa forum-ius. Debemos señalar que ambos regímenes (general y especial) se encuadran en el ámbito del Reglamento (CE) nº 593/2008 (Reglamento “Roma I”) y en el ámbito del Reglamento (CE) nº 1215/2012, también conocido como Reglamento “Bruselas I bis”, así como en su inmediato antecesor normativo el Reglamento (CE) nº 44/2001, denominado comúnmente como Reglamento “Bruselas I”.
En el capítulo 3 abordamos un estudio pormenorizado de los distintos criterios de conexión utilizados para la determinación de la ley aplicable de los contratos individuales de trabajo en el marco de la Unión Europea. De tal forma que se explican los diferentes criterios a tener en cuenta para determinar la ley aplicable (nacional o extranjera) a los contratos internacionales de trabajo, manteniendo en todo momento una correlación forum-ius, lo que nos permite, al igual que en el capítulo anterior, realizar una labor comparativa entre los distintos criterios de conexión existentes en sede de ley aplicable y en sede de competencia judicial internacional pero, esta vez, los relativos al régimen especial, en definitiva, los que afectan al contrato individual de trabajo con elemento extranjero. En este tercer capítulo, además, se analiza en profundidad una cuestión de gran interés como es la intervención de la cláusula de excepción en la categoría contractual que nos ocupa y objeto principal del presente trabajo de investigación.
Para finalizar, en el capítulo 4 se analiza el Derecho europeo material en el ámbito de los contratos individuales de trabajo. En este punto, además de ser analizadas ciertas Directivas europeas, se resuelve el problema de la conciliación del Reglamento “Roma I” con el Derecho europeo material en el ámbito de los contratos individuales de trabajo. Dentro del Derecho europeo material, se resaltará por su indudable relevancia práctica el estudio de la Directiva 96/71/CE sobre el desplazamiento de trabajadores efectuado en el marco de una prestación de servicios, así como, de la Directiva que la modifica, en concreto, la Directiva (UE) 2018/957.
Por último, se establecen algunas conclusiones finales.The present research work deals with the subject of international contracting, more specifically we will refer to international individual employment contracts within the framework of the European Union. To this end, we have approached different perspectives of study based on two specific sectors of private international law, namely applicable law and international jurisdiction, since each of the aforementioned sectors will provide us with solutions to the specific problems posed in general by international private situations and, in particular, contractual relations that present, at least, an element of internationality. Therefore, we are faced with specific problems that only arise in this type of private-legal relations, such situations being the object of this branch of our state legal system, Private International Law, which is precisely where its peculiarity derives from.
Once the necessary historical contextualisation has been carried out and the normative framework of the regulation of the individual employment contract in the EU framework has been dealt with, the main purpose of this paper is to analyse the problems of appicable law that arise in this contractual category in the EU, being, precisely the sector of applicable law, the fundamental sector of this branch of Law, such, as Private International Law.
The material used to delve into the subject of international contracts consists of the rules of European Union Law, especially two Regulations: on the one hand, a basic normative instrument is Regulation (EC) nº 593/2008, of 17 June 2008, on the law applicable to contractual obligations. As its name suggests (although it is also known as the "Rome I" Regulation), this European regulation is of vital importance when it comes to resolving one of the problems posed by international contracting, which is to determine the law applicable to the specific situation that is the subject of private international law. This problem is resolved in the area of applicable law, the fundamental core of this branch of the legal system. We can say that the "Rome I" Regulation structures the entire regulatory system around the applicable law.
On the other hand, Regulation (EC) nº 1215/2012, of 12 December 2012, on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. This European instrument (commonly referred to as the "Brussels I bis" Regulation) is key to tackling one of the problems presented by private legal relations with at least one element of internationality, namely determining which state court will have jurisdiction to hear a specific international dispute. At this point, we find ourselves in the area of international jurisdiction, focusing, as in the area of applicable law, on the existence of a duality of regimes (general/special) and then dealing with the individual employment contract with a foreign element. Throughout this research work, a comparative work is carried out between the regulation of the individual employment contract in terms of applicable law and the regulation of this contractual category in terms of international jurisdiction, as well as the appropriate references to other types of contractual categories (such as, for example, the international consumer contract).
In addition, we will address the study of certain European Union Directives, especially of a sectoral nature, with a prominent role being played by Directive 96/71/EC of 16 December 1996 and Directive (EU) 2018/957 of 28 June 2018 (which amends the previous one) on the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. All of this is accompanied by bibliography and case law, as well as bibliography on this subject contained in relevant specialised journals of Private International Law (such as the Spanish Yearbook of Private International Law, Spanish Journal of International Law, Transnational Law Notebooks, etc.).
Taking as a starting point the obvious fact that there is no private law at the global level that could be applied by international courts, it is necessary, as previously mentioned, to cover the matter at hand from two different perspectives, so that this introduction is followed by four additional chapters. And, more specifically:
1. In Chapter 1, in order to contextualise the matter at hand, a brief historical overview is given, from the need for the existence of a European private international law to the achievement of significant progress in the field of judicial cooperation, particularly in civil matters. In this respect, we will deal with two emblematic milestones: firstly, the transformation of the 1968 Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters into Regulation (EC) nº 44/2001 and, subsequently, into Regulation (EC) nº 1215/2012. Secondly, the conversion of the 1980 Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations into Regulation (EC) nº 593/2008. In addition, a general outline of the individual employment contract in the legal systems of the EU Member States will be presented.
2. Chapter 2 is devoted to a general approach to the problems of applicable law in individual employment contracts within the framework of the European Union. This second chapter analyses the duality of regimes in this fundamental sector of private international law, i.e. the applicable law sector. This duality of regimes also exists in the area of international jurisdiction, which is why the correlation between forum-ius will be dealt with. To all this, we must add a special reference to the inspiring principle that justifies the existence of a special regime both in the area of applicable law and in the area of international jurisdiction in matters of contractual obligations. Precisely the individual employment contract with a foreign element is included in the special regime established for each of these sectors of private international law. In this respect, we consider it necessary to make a forum-ius comparison. It should be noted that both regimes (general and special) fall within the scope of Regulation (EC) number 593/2008 ("Rome I" Regulation) and within the scope of Regulation (EC) number 1215/2012, also known as the "Brussels I bis" Regulation, as well as its immediate legislative predecessor Regulation (EC) number 44/2001, commonly known as the "Brussels I" Regulation.
3. In Chapter 3, a detailed study is made of the various connecting criteria used to determine the applicable law of individual employment contracts within the framework of the European Union. In such a way that the different criteria to be taken into account to determine the applicable law (national or foreign) to international employment contracts are explained, maintaining at all times a forum-ius correlation, which allows us, as in the previous chapter, to carry out a comparative work between the different connection criteria existing in terms of applicable law and in terms of international jurisdiction, but, this time, those relating to the special regime, in short, those affecting the individual employment contract with a foreign element. In this third chapter, moreover, an issue of great interest is analysed in depth, namely the intervention of the exception clause in the contractual category that concerns us and which is the main object of this research work.
4. Finally, Chapter 4 analyses substantive European law in the area of individual employment contracts. In addition to analysing certain European directives, the problem of reconciling the "Rome I" Regulation with substantive European law in the area of individual employment contracts is resolved. Within substantive European law, the study of Directive 96/71/EC on the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services and its amending Directive, namely Directive (EU) 2018/957, will be highlighted for its undoubted practical relevance.
To end, some final conclusions are drawn.Theodor Mommse
Doble mirada del formador de profesorado de matemáticas: oportunidad para identificar su conocimiento
No full textPresentamos un estudio acerca del conocimiento de ocho formadores de profesores de matemática, participantes en un grupo de Lesson Study para la formación de profesorado de primaria, en el ámbito del sentido numérico. El objetivo fue caracterizar los conocimientos de estos formadores que surgen en episodios en los que sus acciones consideran tanto a sus futuros profesores como a los alumnos hipotéticos (doble mirada). Se analizaron fragmentos en un proceso top-down y bottom-up. Los episodios de doble mirada mostraron ser útiles para identificar elementos del conocimiento del formador, permitiendo diferenciarlo del conocimiento propio de un profesor, aunque asociados entre sí.In this article we identify elements of knowledge of teacher educators through a descriptive study of eight primary teacher educators in the context of a Lesson Study group, in the field of number sense. These elements of knowledge are extracted through the double perspective of the educators, when their practices consider both their future teachers and primary school students. The analysis of the selected fragments was carried out in a top-down and bottom-up process, in which the background provided theoretical sensitivity to the study. Analyzing the instance of double vision has allowed us to find elements of the knowledge of the primary mathematics teacher educator that are of a different nature from a teacher's own knowledge, although associated with that knowledge. This is the case of knowledge about initial training tasks, knowledge about training strategies, knowledge about how to delimit the objectives of the teacher training task, knowledge of the teaching practice of mathematics referred to the posing of deliberate questions that allow us to recognize how the primary school student learns and thinks about professional identity. Subsequent studies that help to saturate information may allow these elements of knowledge found to be configured in the form of categories and subdomains that advance towards a model of knowledge for the mathematics teacher educator.Didácticas IntegradasCIDEU - Investigació
Energy Retrofitting and Social Housing Instrumentation Attending Passive Criteria. Case Study in Winter
No full textContenido restringido. Copyright exclusivo de la editorialIngeniería Minera, Mecánica, Energética y de la Construcció
Comparative Analysis and Evaluation of Seismic Response in Structures: Perspectives from Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis to Pushover Analysis
Get PDFThis study presents a detailed comparative analysis of different methods for evaluating seismic response in structures, focusing on maximum displacements and collapse assessment. The results obtained through modal spectral analysis, non-linear dynamic analysis, and the incremental pushover analysis applied to a specific structure are compared. It has been found that the choice of time step and the consideration of ductility are critical for obtaining accurate predictions. The results of the non-linear dynamic analysis of the building’s response indicate that an earthquake equivalent to the one that affected the city of Lorca (southeast Iberian Peninsula) in 2011 would have a devastating impact on the studied structure, highlighting the importance of the finite element method modelling in predicting the formation of plastic hinges and assessing structural safety. These findings highlight the importance of utilising multiple analysis approaches and detailed modelling to fully understand the seismic behaviour of structures and ensure adequate resistance and stability to extreme events.CIMEDES Research Center (CeiA3) of University of Almería. The third author acknowledges the support of the Government of Catalonia, through the Consolidated Research Group "Fluvial Dynamics Research Group" -RIUS [2021SGR-43301114].Ingeniería Minera, Mecánica, Energética y de la Construcció
Institutional chair, life cycles and older people. Cabildo of Tenerife and University of La Laguna. A proposal for happiness, tenderness and equality
Get PDFSe explican los principios de creación de la Cátedra Institucional Ciclos de Vida y Personas Mayores,
así como las líneas de trabajo y su constitución con
un equipo multidisciplinar. Las propuestas del primer
año de trabajo y las vinculaciones con la AIUTA para
difundir nuestra labor y estrechar vínculos internacionales para la construcción de un nuevo proyecto
Ínsula para Turismo Senior en islas.
Se realiza, a través de la metodología de Metateoria un breve análisis aleatorio de algunas cátedras de
España. Y, finalmente se hacen recomendaciones que
deberían incorporar las cátedras y que están incluidas
como perspectiva de género, la prevención de la violencia y el empoderamiento de las mujeresOur article explain the basis for the creation of the
Cátedra Life Cycles and Elder People al well as the
main work lines for the first year of work and the constitution of the multidisciplinary team. We also explain
the link with the AIUTA from France tol et know our
work and make close cooperation ways of working.
We also inform of Project Ínsula to promote senior
tourism only in small islands of the world.
We analyze a short study of some other Cátedras
using the concept of Metatheory.
Finally our conclusion about the inclusion of gender visibility, the violence prevention and the empowerment of wome
Pion distribution functions from low-order Mellin moments
Get PDFExploiting an evolution scheme for parton distribution functions (DFs) that is all-orders exact, contemporary lattice-QCD (lQCD) results for low-order Mellin moments of the pion valence quark DF are shown to be mutually consistent. The analysis introduces a means by which key odd moments can be obtained from the even moments in circumstances where only the latter are available. Combining these elements, one arrives at parameter-free lQCD-based predictions for the pointwise behaviour of pion valence, glue, and sea DFs, with sound uncertainty estimates. The behaviour of the pion DFs at large light-front momentum fraction, x>0.85, is found to be consistent with QCD expectations and continuum analyses of pion structure functions, i.e., damping like (1−x)βparton, with βvalence≈2.4, βglue≈3.6, βsea≈4.6. It may be possible to test these predictions using data from forthcoming experiments.We are grateful to Z.-F. Cui and J.-H. Zhang for valuable discussions.
Work supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of
China (grant nos. 12135007, 12205149); Spanish Ministry of Science
and Innovation (MICINN) (grant no. PID2022-140440NB-C22); Junta
de Andalucía (grant no. P18-FR-5057); and STRONG-2020 “The strong
interaction at the frontier of knowledge: fundamental research and
applications” which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no.
824093).Ciencias Integrada
The Self-representation of People with Disabilities on Instagram
Get PDFLa apariencia física de muchas personas con discapacidad ha marcado su estigmatización por no responder a los ideales de belleza impuestos socialmente. Estos cánones estéticos vehiculan la representación de estilos de vida en Instagram y acaparan el interés de audiencias jóvenes. Al respecto, investigaciones previas han señalado que las personas con discapacidad también publican imágenes de autorrepresentación que están contribuyendo a generar nuevos estereotipos de belleza con un potencial impacto en usuarios sin discapacidad reconocida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir la atención e intensidad emocional que despiertan una selección de publicaciones en Instagram realizadas por personas con discapacidad, y en las que exhiben su imagen corporal con fines eminentemente estéticos, tanto de belleza como de moda. Se han utilizado dos técnicas de neurocomunicación, el «eye tracking» y la respuesta galvánica de la piel, aplicadas a una muestra de 120 universitarios españoles y portugueses usuarios habituales de Instagram. Los resultados sugieren que los jóvenes sin discapacidad continúan registrando una atención focalizada hacia los aspectos de la imagen que exteriorizan la discapacidad, especialmente cuando se trata de rasgos explícitos, sin que existan sobresaltos notables en la intensidad emocional. Estos resultados inciden en la necesidad de integrar la concienciación y la sensibilización sobre la imagen de las personas con discapacidad de forma transversal en el sistema educativo para contribuir a la plena inclusiónThe physical appearance of many people with disabilities leads them to feel stigmatised for not conforming to socially imposed ideals of beauty. These aesthetic standards convey lifestyles on Instagram that attract the attention of young audiences. In this regard, previous research has pointed out that people with disabilities also post self-representative images that are leading to new stereotypes of beauty with a potential impact on users without impairments. The aim of this research was to measure the attention and emotional intensity generated by a selection of posts on Instagram made by people with disabilities, in which they display their body image for aesthetic purposes, both in terms of beauty and fashion. Two neurocommunication techniques, eye tracking and galvanic skin response, were used on a sample of 120 Spanish and Portuguese university students who are regular Instagram users. The results indicate that young people without disabilities focus their attention on aspects of the image that clearly show a person’s disability, especially regarding specific features, yet there were no appreciable changes in emotional intensity. The findings also highlight the need to integrate heightened awareness and sensitivity regarding the image of people with disabilities by using a cross-curricular approach in the educational system in order to promote full inclusio
A Scoping Review of the Evidence of the 5Cs Model of Positive Youth Development in Europe
Get PDFIn the last 20 years, evidence has been found that supports the “5Cs” of the Positive Youth
Development (PYD) model developed by Lerner and his colleagues in the United States. This model
considers adolescents as active elements who may acquire the resources and strengths to develop
positive relationships with others. However, few studies have focused on its generalization to other
contexts. Therefore, the aim of the present scoping review is to examine the evidence of the 5Cs model (Confidence, Competence, Caring, Connection and Character) in Europe. A search was carried out in the internationalWeb of Science database for articles published in Europe between 2013 and June 2023, obtaining 123 articles. Subsequently, after applying the inclusion criteria, 23 articles were included. The findings agreed that men have higher levels of Competence and Confidence, while women scored higher in Connection, Caring and Character. Furthermore, many studies stated that higher scores in Connection, Competence, Character and Confidence are related to better mental health, higher academic performance and greater social and environmental contribution. Consequently, it is crucial to increase the number of interventions based on this model to result in future adults who are healthy, happy and engaged with society. Finally, future lines of research are discussed, as well as the importance of researchers carrying out more intervention programs.This research received funding from the INVESTIGO PROGRAM within the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan for Andalusia, granted to A.D.M.-B., and the Excellence Project of the Junta de Andalucia, granted to D.G.-B., with the title: Positive Youth Development in Andalusian University Students: Longitudinal Analysis of Gender Differences in Well-Being Trajectories, Health-Related Lifestyles and Social and Environmental Contribution (PROYEXCEL_00303).Psicología Social, Evolutiva y de la Educació