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Pedagogical and Technical Analyses of Massive Open Online Courses on Artificial Intelligence
Get PDFMOOCs (massive open online courses) are popular distance courses for which anyone can sign up online with no limits on the number of participants. Moreover, artificial intelligence is a combination of algorithms for the development of human and rational capabilities by machines. This article presents a quantitative study with a sample of 734 MOOCs on artificial intelligence from three important platforms. Through exploratory and factor analyses, and with the support of a category system, it is concluded that, there are similarities in terms of access to content, ease of navigation, design, toolbars, consistency, visible hypertexts, browsing support and links, help in content searching, and course development with regard to the technical dimension. Regarding the pedagogical dimension, xMOOCs represent the most extensive international trend, and unidirectional resources predominate. In relation to the content dimension, MOOCs that include content on the emerging and current uses of artificial intelligence in learning and training are remarkable, including three main trends in MOOCs on artificial intelligence: machine learning and education, ethics of AI, and human learning and inclusivity.Project of Educational Innovation and research “Diseño y desarrollo de experiencias
educativas de realidad virtual y aumentada en didácticas”, Cátedra institucional “educación en
tecnologías emergentes, gamificación e inteligencia artificial” (EduEmer) and Research Center in
Contemporary Thinking and Innovation for Social Development (COIDESO).Didácticas Integrada
Cytotoxicity and concentration of silver ions released from dressings in the treatment of infected wounds: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Silver-releasing dressings are used in the treatment of infected wounds. Despite their widespread use, neither the amount of silver released nor the potential in vivo toxicity is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the amount of silver released from commercially available dressings with infected wounds.
Methods: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies from 2002 through December 2022. The criteria were as follows: population (human patients with infected wounds); intervention (commercial dressings with clinical silver authorized for use in humans); and outcomes (concentrations of silver ions released into tissues and plasma). Any study based on silver-free dressings, experimental dressings, or dressings not for clinical use in humans should be excluded. According to the type of study, systematic reviews, experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Studies that assessed at least 65% of the included items were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers.
Results: 740 articles were found and five were finally selected (all of them quasi-experimental). Heterogeneity was found in terms of study design, application of silver dressings, and methods of assessment, which limited the comparability between studies.
Conclusion: In vivo comparative studies of clinical dressings for control of infection lack a standardized methodology that allows observation of all the variables of silver performance at local and systemic levels, as well as evaluation of its cytotoxicity. It cannot be concluded whether the assessed concentrations of released silver in commercial dressings for the topical treatment of infected wounds are cytotoxic to skin cells.The authors declare that financial support for Open Access charge was received by the Professor Novoa Santos Foundation.Departamento de Biología Ambiental y Salud Públic
Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Region of Andalusia in Spain in the area of Social Work in the Web of Science
Get PDFScientifi c research in Social Work has become increasingly important in higher education. Although this discipline’s incorporation into academic research was delayed, it remains highly relevant. This article explores and analyzes the current bibliographic production in Social Work in Andalusia, using the Web of Science database. The main objective is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of this f i eld, examining indices related to Social Work and identifying its weaknesses and strengths. The analysis will use three primary tools: SPSS, SCIMAT, and VosViewer. This bibliometric analysis will evaluate the scientifi c production in Social Work, off ering a comprehensive overview of its scope and quality. Results may indicate that the bibliometric index of this fi eld is below expected or potential standards. Additionally, it might be noted that higher-indexed articles are often written in English by professionals outside the specifi c fi eld of Social Work. These fi ndings suggest the need to strengthen research in Social Work by increasing scientifi c production and encouraging the participation of social work professionals in knowledge generation. The results also highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and establishing connections with professionals from other related research areas. This study aims to provide a detailed insight into the bibliographic production in Social Work in Andalusia through a bibliometric approach. The results will help identify strengths and weaknesses in this fi eld, off ering valuable information for future research and the development of Social Work as a scientifi c discipline.Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Públic
Finite time preventive maintenance optimization by using a Semi-Markov process with a degraded state. A case study for diesel engines in mining
Get PDFDuring the design of maintenance plans for an asset, the frequency calculation of preventive interventions is a maintenance engineer’s essential task. This document presents a tool (mathematical formula) to calculate the preventive maintenance interval. The tool considers the maintenance costs and the income generated for the company by its use. Managers can benefit from its simple application to gain efficiency. Typically, business projects are executed over a period. The tool calculates the optimal interval for any given project duration. It also allows the analysis of the size of the preventive interval when the income received changes. This change may be due to asset impairment or changes in the market price of the business product. For the development of the tool, a semi-Markovian model is designed with four states representing the operation and maintenance of the asset. The asset evolves by transiting between states and accumulating costs and income in the form of returns. From the model, a system of difference equations is developed whose variable is the expected accumulated return at any transition, and the z-transform is used to solve it. Deriving its mathematical expression, the formula for the preventive interval that maximizes the expected accumulated return is obtained. Both formulae are used in a case study. Taking advantage of the degraded state, it is shown that higher income increases the interval size while lower income decreases it. The limits of these variations are also established. Simulation and numerical methods are used to validate analytic results.Departamento de Ingeniería de Diseño y Proyecto
Index of Healthy Eating and Emotional Eating in Relation to Psychological Inflexibility in Dance Students
Get PDFDance places significant physical and cognitive demands on both students and professionals.
These demands increase dancers’ susceptibility to a variety of problems. Between them, the
prevalence of eating disorders in dancers of various dance genres is significant. In this
context, emotional eating is a common problem among people struggling with weight issues.
On the other hand, a construct that has been shown to be relevant is Psychological inflexibility.
Psychological flexibility refers to the possibility of fully embracing unpleasant private
events in the present, without attempting to modify them. The aim of this paper is to
determine the different components of emotional eating and the healthy eating index as a
function of psychological inflexibility in dance students. This was a cross-sectional study
using non-probabilistic sampling. One hundred fourteen dance students enrolled in conservatories
or dance schools participated in the study. Evaluations were conducted using the
Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish population,
and the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire. Data were collected
in person and online format. No differences in psychological inflexibility were observed
between men and women. While women showed greater utilization of food to regulate
emotions, they did not differ from men in scores on the healthy eating index. Students with
high psychological inflexibility reported greater utilization of food as a regulator of emotions.
No differences were found in healthy eating according to psychological inflexibility. It is
recommended to transform dance conservatories into healthy spaces by promoting habits
that facilitate students’ well-being. Faculties can help in the pursuit of excellence by aligning
performance goals with research findings and improving holistic care.Departamento de Psicología Clínica, Experimental y Socia
Introducing 1,3-Enyne Functionalization by Nitrene Transfer Reaction
No full textIn the context of carbon-nitrogen bond formation, metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer reactions constitute a powerful transformation. Albeit many saturated and unsaturated substrates can be modified with this strategy, the incorporation of nitrene to enynes yet remains undescribed. Herein we report the first example of this transformation, leading to the formation of propargyl aziridines or to unsaturated sulfinamides, corresponding to the attack of a copper-nitrene intermediate onto the ene or yne sites. DFT studies have provided an explanation to this diverse reactivity, which is sustained on the interactions of the enyne substituent with the pyrazolyl rings of the trispyrazolylborate ancillary ligand of the catalyst.We thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for grants PID2020-113797RB-C21, PID2020-112825RB-I00, CES2019-000925-S,and RED2022-134074-T. We also thank Junta de Andalucía (P20-00348), Universidad de Huelva (P.O.Feder UHU-202016), and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. A.M.R. thanks Ministerio de Universidades for an FPU fellowship. G.S. thanks MICINN Juan de la Cierva program, FJC2019-039135-I.CIQSOCIQS
Possibilities of art therapy in education as a grief management technique: strategies to enhance resilience in teacher training
Get PDFEl proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje se encuentra condicionado por múltiples factores
y acontecimientos, entre los que se encuentra el duelo. Por parte del profesional de la enseñanza se hace
necesario ofrecer una respuesta a dicho acontecimiento. A través de esta investigación se pretende explorar
el valor que poseen la arteterapia y la educación artística como técnicas de gestión de duelo en el entorno
educativo. Desde un enfoque cualitativo se desarrolla un proceso de observación participante desde el que se
analizan las experiencias arteterapéuticas realizadas en 3 grupos de discusión compuestos por estudiantes
universitarios egresados del grado de educación primaria y que han experimentado procesos significativos de
duelo. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen la posibilidad de visualizar composiciones artísticas en las que el color,
los trazos, los símbolos, las figuras o las formas ayudan a reforzar el mensaje oral que acompaña a la descripción
del proceso de duelo (fases) y al grado de conocimiento que se alberga sobre ello. A modo de conclusión, este
trabajo contribuye a evidenciar las propiedades didáctico-pedagógicas que posee la arteterapia para la gestión
de los procesos de duelo y refuerza la idea de potenciar su uso cotidiano en las aulas.Teaching-learning process is influenced by multiple factors and events, including the grief process.
It becomes necessary for education professionals to offer a response to this event. Through this research,
it is intended to explore the value of art therapy and art education as grief management techniques in the
educational setting. Using a qualitative approach, has been developed a technical participant observation
process to analyze art therapy experiences carried out in three discussion groups composed of university
students graduated in primary education who have experienced representative grief processes. The results
achieved offer the opportunity to view different artistic compositions in which color, strokes, symbols or
shapes help to understand the verbal message which goes with the description of the grief process (stages)
and the level of knowledge of the participants about the topic. In conclusion, this research contributes to
highlight didactic and pedagogical properties that art therapy presents for managing the grief process and
strengthens the idea of enhancing this topic in the daily of the classrooms.Pedagogí
El principio de sostenibilidad empresarial y medio ambiental
No full textLa Alianza Cooperativa Internacional (ACI) realizó la última revisión mundial de los principios y valores cooperativos mediante la Declaración sobre la Identidad Cooperativa de 1995, en el Congreso Centenario de su fundación (Manchester). La Declaración establecía las características que configuran este tipo social y los valores que deben presidir su constitución y funcionamiento e incorporó los principios esenciales del cooperativismo que deben respetarse y estar presentes en las actuaciones de las entidades cooperativas. Estos principios constituyen el desarrollo de los valores cooperativos y, unos más que otros, gozan de la concreción y la vocación de vigencia que es propia de las normas. Pero la aplicación real de los principios cooperativos requiere que el legislador decida acogerlos expresamente en las normas que determinan el régimen jurídico de las cooperativas. En España, la progresiva evolución de la legislación cooperativa desde una orientación social y clásica del cooperativismo -fiel a la defensa de los principios cooperativos y de la formación de un patrimonio colectivo- y su avance hacia un modelo funcional moderado con tendencia a la relajación de esos objetivos con el fin de satisfacer la promoción de los intereses socioeconómicos de sus miembros ha guiado la reformulación de algunos principios cooperativos. La Ley 14/2011, de 23 de diciembre, de Sociedades Cooperativas Andaluzas -que contiene un régimen legal de las cooperativas de orientación economicista más radical- ha elaborado un catálogo propio de principios generales al enumerar los que informan la constitución y funcionamiento de las sociedades cooperativas andaluzas e incorporar algunos nuevos, entre ellos, el principio de sostenibilidad empresarial y medioambiental (art. 4.j). La finalidad de este trabajo consiste en la determinación de la significación y el alcance real de la incorporación del principio de sostenibilidad empresarial y medioambiental a la legislación andaluza de cooperativas. Para alcanzar este objetivo, ha sido necesario desarrollar unas reflexiones previas acerca del significado y valor de los términos empleados por el legislador en el enunciado del nuevo principio y, muy especialmente, valorar la atención prestada y la concreción del nuevo principio en las normas que conforman el régimen jurídico de las cooperativas andaluzas. Se ha prestado especial atención al análisis de las disposiciones normativas que se ocupan de los órganos sociales, en tanto que los valores y principios cooperativos debe guiar las decisiones y la gestión de las entidades cooperativas. Se pretende determinar en qué medida los órganos cooperativos deben atender a esos otros propósitos diferentes al interés de los socios y de la propia cooperativa en el ejercicio de sus competencias, es decir, cómo se ha trasladado el principio de sostenibilidad a las obligaciones y responsabilidades de los órganos de la cooperativa y, en su caso, si se ha materializado en algún tipo de incentivo positivo en el régimen de las cooperativas andaluzas. Con la misma finalidad, se han examinado las normas que se regulan el renombrado Fondo de Formación y Sostenibilidad como instrumento al servicio de la responsabilidad social empresarial de las sociedades cooperativas y con cargo al cual, según declara el propio Preámbulo de la Ley, se debe materializar el nuevo principio de sostenibilidad empresarial y medio ambiental. El interés del trabajo se incrementa al ser el primer estudio en nuestra literatura jurídica que aborda el estudio del principio de sostenibilidad empresarial y medioambiental para facilitar su correcta interpretación en la legislación de cooperativas andaluzas.Proyecto de I+D+i PY20_01278 de generación de conocimiento «frontera» del Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020), financiado por la Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades de la Junta de Andalucía y fondos FEDER, titulado “La reformulación de los principios cooperativos y su adaptación estatutaria para satisfacer las actuales demandas sociales, económicas y medioambientales”, concedido
al Centro de Investigación CIDES de la Universidad de Almería del que el profesor Carlos Vargas Vasserot fue el Investigador PrincipalTheodor Mommse
Affective Impact on Informal Caregivers over 70 Years of Age: A Qualitative Study
Get PDFGiven today’s rapidly ageing society, family members providing informal care to dependent older adults face ever-increasing challenges. The aim of this study was to describe the affective impact on older adults over 70 years of age caring for a dependent older person at home. A qualitative study was designed from a phenomenological perspective. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers aged 70 or older. A content analysis of the interviews was carried out in five stages. Three themes were identified: “Emotions”, “Feelings”, and “Looking to the future”. Caregivers express negative emotions (sadness, anger, and fear) and feelings of social and emotional isolation, and they feel abandoned by health professionals, family, and friends. In conclusion, prolonged caregiving by older adults has a negative affective impact and creates uncertainty about the future. There is a need to devise social and healthcare policies and actions, creating social support networks to improve their health and emotional wellbeing.Enfermerí