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Media literacy as a tool for preventing discrimination in classrooms
Get PDFEl uso de las redes sociales, en los contextos escolares, puede provocar
el aumento de los mensajes de odio poniendo en riesgo a
colectivos estigmatizados sobre los que se ejerce una superioridad
moral, que conlleva a la desvalorización y discriminación en la institución
educativa a la que pertenezca. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene
como objetivo explorar el uso de estrategias educomunicativas utilizadas
para prevenir la discriminación en las aulas por el profesorado de
Educación Secundaria de España, Honduras y El Salvador. El estudio
se realizó con 200 docentes, utilizándose un cuestionario basado en
las seis dimensiones de Ferrés y Piscitelli, previamente validado, y que
consta de cuatro categorías cada una con seis afirmaciones. Como
principales conclusiones se destacan la diversidad a la que se enfrentan
los docentes para llevar a cabo acciones que fomente la no discriminación,
la poca formación recibida por los docentes en competencia
mediática (que contrasta con el elevado uso de las TIC) y la no utilización
de estrategias de enseñanza donde se identifiquen y analicen los
contenidos discriminatorios, los discursos de odio y los estereotipos.The use of social media in educational contexts can lead to an increase
in hate messages, putting marginalized groups at risk of discrimination
and devaluation within the educational institution. This study
aims to explore educommunicative strategies used by Secondary
Education teachers in Spain, Honduras, and El Salvador to prevent
discrimination in classrooms. The research involved 200 teachers
who completed a questionnaire based on Ferrés and Piscitelli’s six dimensions,
previously validated, with each dimension containing four
categories, each having six statements. The main findings highlight
the challenges teachers face in promoting non-discrimination, the
lack of media literacy training among teachers (despite high usage
of ICT), and the underutilization of teaching strategies that identify
and analyze discriminatory content, hate speech, and stereotypes.Este trabajo se realiza en el marco
de “Alfamed” (Red Euroamericana
de Investigadores), con el apoyo del
Proyecto de I+D “YOUTUBERS E INSTAGRAMMERS:
COMPETENCIA MEDIÁTICA
EN PROSUMIDORES EMERGENTES”
(RTI2018-093303-B-I00),
financiado por la Agencia Estatal de
Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia,
Innovación y Universidades de
España y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo
Regional (FEDER).PedagogíaPsicología Social, Evolutiva y de la Educació
Spain's accession to NATO: the PSOE's atlantist turn in strategic thinking
Get PDFEn el presente artículo se realiza una exposición cronológica del proceso de adhesión de España en la OTAN, desde el primer Gobierno de la monarquía hasta la celebración del referéndum en marzo de 1986, partiendo del rechazo que tuvo España a su adhesión a la Alianza por la naturaleza dictatorial del régimen franquista y las especiales relaciones que estableció éste con los Estados Unidos desde 1953. También se expondrán y se argumentarán las razones que llevaron a Felipe González y al PSOE a realizar el denominado “giro atlantista” y defender la permanencia en la OTAN una vez llegan al Gobierno en 1982. Finalmente, se expondrá la campaña que realizaron los diferentes partidos políticos tanto a favor como en contra de la permanencia en la Alianza para el referéndum y se analizarán sus resultados y consecuencias más inmediatasIn this article a chronological exposition of the process of Spain's accession to NATO will be made, from the first government of the monarchy to the holding of the referendum in March 1986, starting from Spain's refusal to join the Alliance due to the dictatorial nature of the Franco regime and the special relations it established with the United States since 1953. The reasons that led Felipe González and the PSOE to make the so-called "Atlantist turn" and to defend the permanence in NATO once they reached the Government in 1982 will also be exposed and argued. Finally, the campaign carried out by the different political parties both in favor and against the permanence in the Alliance for the referendum will be exposed and its results and most immediate consequences will be analyze
La génesis de la teoría de los tipos abiertos
Get PDFEn este artículo se analiza la teo-ría de los tipos abiertos de Welzel y su rein-terpretación, la teoría de los elementos de valoración global del hecho de Roxin, tratan-do de demostrar la trascendencia que tiene en su elaboración la polémica en la intelec-ción del requisito de legalidad de la acción del cargo del delito de resistencia del Código Penal alemánThis article analyses Welzel’s the-ory of open types and its reinterpretation, Roxin’s theory of the elements of global as-sessment of the act, trying to demonstrate the importance of the polemic in the inter-pretation of the requirement of legality of the action of the charge of the crime of re-sistance in the German Criminal Code in its elaboratio
Youth Frustration and Intergenerational Conflict on Twitter
Get PDFEn los últimos años el impacto generacional ha cobrado importancia en la narración de los cambios y conf lictos sociales, tal y como se ref leja en la difusión de fenómenos digitales como el #OKBoomer, que puso de manifiesto la percepción negativa hacia esta generación por parte de generaciones posteriores, viralizándose el término “boomer” como adjetivo peyorativo. Con el fin de descubrir si detrás del empleo de este término existen expresiones de conf licto y reivindicación generacional, se han analizados más de 600.000 tweets, en castellano, emitidos entre noviembre de 2019 y diciembre de 2022, que contenían el término “los boomers”. Mediante técnicas de aprendizaje automático supervisado cuantificamos el porcentaje de los tweets que, a través del empleo de este término, expresaban reivindicaciones o conf lictos generacionales. Posteriormente, utilizamos técnicas de modelado de temas para investigar bajo qué temáticas se expresan estas. Encontramos que, durante este periodo, la mayoría de los tweets analizados expresaron conf lictos y reivindicaciones, centrándose en temas como la desigualdad material y económica, la falta de oportunidades para desarrollar un proyecto vital y cuestiones políticas. Tambien se observaron choques generacionales cotidianos, relacionados con habilidades digitales o diferencias actitudinales. Se concluye que con el uso del término “boomer” se estarían manifestando reivindicaciones de las generaciones más jóvenes en formas de conf licto generacional, ya sea responsabilizando a dicha generación de su situación o denunciando la falta de empatía hacia ellosIn recent years, the generation has gained importance in the narrative of social change and conflict, as reflected in the spread of digital phenomena such as #OKBoomer, which highlighted the negative perception of this generation by later generations, popularising the term “boomer” as a pejorative adjective. In order to find out whether the use of this term is an expression of conflict and generational vindication, we downloaded more than 600,000 tweets, in Spanish, issued between November 2019 and December 2022, which contained the term “the boomers”. Using supervised machine learning techniques, we quantified the percentage of tweets that, through the use of this term, expressed generational claims or conflicts. Subsequently, we used topic modelling techniques to investigate under which themes these are expressed. We found that, during this period, most of the tweets analysed expressed conflicts and demands, focusing on issues such as material and economic inequality, lack of opportunities to develop a life project and political issues. Everyday generational clashes were also observed, related to digital skills or attitudinal differences. In conclusion, behind the use of the term “boomer”, claims of the younger generations are being expressed in the form of generational conflict, either by blaming the “boomer” generation for their situation or by denouncing the lack of empathy of the “boomer” generation towards the
A Study of PLA Thin Film on SS 316L Coronary Stents Using a Dip Coating Technique
Get PDFThe dip coating process is one of the recognized techniques used to generate polymeric coatings on stents in an easy and low-cost way. However, there is a lack of information about the influence of the process parameters of this technique on complex geometries such as stents. This paper studies the dip coating process parameters used to provide a uniform coating of PLA with a 4–10 µm thickness. A stainless-steel tube (AISI 316L) was laser-cut, electropolished, and dip-coated in a polylactic acid (PLA) solution whilst changing the process parameters. The samples were characterized to examine the coating’s uniformity, thickness, surface roughness, weight, and chemical composition. FTIR and Raman investigations indicated the presence of PLA on the stent’s surface, the chemical stability of PLA during the coating process, and the absence of residual chloroform in the coatings. Additionally, the water contact angle was measured to determine the hydrophilicity of the coating. Our results indicate that, when using entry and withdrawal speeds of 500 mm min−1 and a 15 s immersion time, a uniform coating thickness was achieved throughout the tube and in the stent with an average thickness of 7.8 µm.We gratefully thank Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología (Conahcyt)
(CVU: 931068) and Tecnologico de Monterrey for providing scholarship and tuition to the lead author
of the Ph.D. degree program. We thank Ciencia de Frontera Consejo Nacional de Humanidades,
Ciencias y Tecnologías: CF-2023-I-2901. The Advanced Manufacturing research group (Tecnologico
de Monterrey) supported the acquisition of materials. This research did not receive any other specific
grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Ingeniería Química, Química Física y Ciencias de los Materiale
Simulation-Based Education Tool for Understanding Thermostatically Controlled Loads
Get PDFThermostatically controlled loads have great potential to make a significant contribution to
improving energy efficiency in the building sector, which is responsible for 40% of greenhouse gas
emissions in the EU. This, in addition to the environmental damage, represents a huge expense in
terms of the electricity bill. Therefore, it is very important to train engineers on how to design energy
management systems for TCLs. With this goal in mind, it would be very useful to have a simulation based educational tool (SBET) to understand thermostatically controlled loads, their characteristics,
and the possibilities in terms of energy efficiency. In addition, it would be very useful if this tool
could be introduced in engineering curricula to help students become better trained and enter the
labor market with more opportunities. Based on the shortcomings detected, this work develops an
SBET specifically designed to teach on the subject of TCLs (SBET-TCLs), both about their intrinsic
characteristics and their better management. To verify the developed SBET-TCLs, it was tested in a
real scenario: a survey was carried out among the students of the subject ‘Alternative Energy Sources’ in the degrees of Industrial Engineering. The results show that the use of an SBET-TCLs has very positive effects on the learning process.This paper is framed in the project “Integral control system to optimize the microgrids energy demand” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, call for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2020-2023. In addition, the corresponding author is enjoying a FPU grant funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities for training of university
teaching staff in his PhD period.Ingeniería Eléctrica y Térmica, de Diseño y Proyecto
Promoting Healthy and Active Ageing in the City
Get PDFO envelhecimento pode ser compreendido numa
perspetiva positiva a caminho de uma longevidade,
que se pretenda que seja digna, segura, feliz e com
qualidade de vida. A opção por investir em percursos
de envelhecimento saudável e ativo para todos é de
responsabilidade individual e social e tem impacto a
nível local e global. A tomada desta decisão permite
que as pessoas percebam o seu potencial a desenvolver, os cuidados a ter com a sua saúde e se disponibilizem para a promoção do seu próprio bem-estar. A Década do Envelhecimento Saudável (2020-2030) é uma
oportunidade para pensar melhor o envelhecimento,
concertar sinergias multidisciplinares, realizar adaptações e investimentos para promover o envelhecimento saudável, compreendido numa perspetiva de
desenvolvimento e manutenção da capacidade funcional, que permite o bem-estar na velhice. Essa capacidade funcional é determinada pela capacidade intrínseca de um indivíduo, pelo ambiente em que vive
e pelo as interações entre eles. O presente trabalho
tem como principal objetivo destacar como o envelhecimento saudável e ativo se encontra ligado à promoção da saúde, à aprendizagem ao longo da vida, à
monitorização das políticas públicas através das indicações do Active Ageing Index (AAI) e do AgeWatch
Index (AWI) e às comunidades pro-envelhecimento e
pró-longevidade. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura para integrar as informações, gerando reflexões
que auxiliam a tomada de decisões e estratégias que
conduzam a boas práticasAgeing can be understood from a positive perspective on the path to longevity, which is intended to
be dignified, safe, happy and with quality of life. The
choice to invest in healthy and active aging pathways
for everyone is an individual and social responsibility
and has an impact at a local and global level. Making
this decision allows people to realize their potential to
develop, the care they need to take with their health
and to make themselves available to promote their
own well-being. The Decade of Healthy Ageing (2020-
2030) is an opportunity to think better about ageing,
coordinate multidisciplinary synergies, make adaptations and investments to promote healthy aging,
understood from the perspective of developing and
maintaining functional capacity, which allows for
well-being in old age. This functional capacity is determined by an individual’s intrinsic capacity, by the
environment in which he or she lives and by the interactions between them. The main objective of this
work is to highlight how healthy and active aging is
linked to health promotion, lifelong learning, monitoring public policies through the indications of the Active Ageing Index (AAI) and the AgeWatch Index (AWI
) and the pro-aging and pro-longevity communities.
A literature review was carried out to integrate information, generating reflections that help decision-making and strategies that lead to good practice
FCA-based reasoning for privacy
Get PDFNotwithstanding the potential danger to security and privacy, sharing and publishing data has become usual in Data Science. To preserve privacy, de-identification methodologies guided by risk estimation have been designed. Two issues associated with classical risk metrics are, on the one hand, the adequacy of the metric and, on the other hand, its static nature. In this paper, we present metrics for estimating risk based on the emerging semantics provided by Formal Concept Analysis. The metrics are designed to estimate the a priori risk of compromised data deletion. Furthermore, by applying specialized variable forgetting methods for association rules, it is shown how to reflect the effect of deleting attributes belonging to potentially dangerous quasi-identifier sets. Additionally, a study of the role of the risk metric in confidence-based reasoning for re-identification is presented.This work was supported by Agencia Estatal de Investigación project PID2019-109152GB-l00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and Universidad de Huelva project UHU-1266216.Tecnologías de la Informació
Psychological Distress and Work Engagement of Construction Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Differential Study by Sex
Get PDFSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a major impact on the mental health of the population has been observed, with women being one of the most affected groups. From the lockdown to “de-escalation” phases, sex differences have been recognised as significant determinants of mental health. Thus, equally ensuring physical and mental protection at work remains one of the challenges faced by industrial companies, especially in the construction sector, where the percentage of employed women has increased in recent years. This study aims to examine the impact of sex differences on psychological distress and work engagement in the productive construction sector, as well as related variables. For this, a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. Descriptive statistical analyses were completed, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests were used to identify differences between men and women. This was followed by logistic regression analysis by sex. Psychological distress is more prevalent among women, even after controlling for most variables. Both sexes receive equal preventive measures and training from the companies, yet women still experience higher levels of psychological distress. At the beginning of the pandemic, women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 and of perceived danger associated with the pandemic than men. However, these differences were not present by 2023. For men, work engagement appeared to be a determining factor for a stable mental health, while for women, health and physical status seemed to be more influential. In both sexes, psychological distress was found to be conditioned by mental and emotional well-being. In a sector where women are increasingly present, the differences observed in terms of how physical and mental health are affected across the two sexes justify the need to promote data analysis that acknowledges this reality.This research is part of the project “Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional and occupational health of construction workers: Evaluation and intervention proposals” which was funded by the Andalusian Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Hazards (IAPRL), part of the Ministry of Employment, Training and Self-Employment of Andalusia (CTC-2022142721).Departamento de Biología Ambiental y Salud Públic
Global Methods for Calculating Shading and Blocking Efficiency in Central Receiver Systems
Get PDFThis paper presents three new methods for calculating the shading and blocking efficiency in Central Receiver Systems (CRSs). All of them are characterized by the calculation of multiple useful and total reflecting areas without the need to resort to parallel calculation in the CPU or GPU, and by low computation times and minimum errors. They are being specially designed for implementation in codes focused on heliostat field design and optimization in CRSs. The proposed methods have been compared against two outstanding “individual” methods (homology and Boolean operations), in addition to a reference case based on the Monte Carlo ray-tracing (MCRT) technique. The results indicate that one of the proposed methods presents reduced error values and high computational speed, even relaxing the restrictions on candidate filtering. At the same error level, the global method is up to 7.80 times faster than the fastest individual method (homology) and up to 194 times faster than the method based on the MCRT technique. The causes of the main errors of each method are also analyzed.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the PID2019-110283RB-C31 project.Departamento de Ingeniería de Diseño y Proyecto