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Turismo sostenible y desarrollo local en el suroeste ibérico
No full textDesde mediados del siglo XX, los espacios rurales especializados en actividades primarias entran en una crisis de
competitividad por la falta de adaptación a los cambios de un entorno cada vez más global y la incapacidad de
responder a los procesos de desarrollo dominantes, desencadenando una crisis estructural que se acrecienta en
las áreas más periféricas, marginales y desconectadas. Como forma de reconectarse con el mundo, en estos
espacios rurales se desarrollan nuevas actividades que se suman a las tradicionales en el contexto de la
multifuncionalidad y la diversificación deseadas, considerando la conservación, protección y puesta en valor del
patrimonio natural y cultural. Así, en términos de multifuncionalidad, los espacios rurales incorporan actividades
recreativas y turísticas. Las expectativas creadas son generalmente altas, al entender el turismo como un
instrumento para la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo e, incluso, como una panacea; de hecho, las políticas
comunitarias han incidido sobremanera en el fomento de actividades turísticas. Pero los resultados con
frecuencia son limitados, pues se encuentran obstáculos para el desarrollo de las nuevas actividades y, en
ocasiones, llegan a comprometerse la propia sostenibilidad y el bienestar de las comunidades de acogida.
Esta investigación, emplea el análisis de caso aplicando una metodología mixta. Se centra en dos espacios
rurales del suroeste ibérico: tres Parques Naturales (Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche; Sierra Morena de
Sevilla; Sierra de Hornachuelos) en Sierra Morena (1989) y un espacio rural post-minero (Cuenca Minera de
Riotinto).
Los resultados muestran que los stakeholders reconocen en la sostenibilidad un propósito, pero no todos ellos
entienden lo mismo al hablar de sostenibilidad y se centran en unas dimensiones por encima de otras y no en su
interconexión. Aunque destaca la contribución del turismo al desarrollo local y rural, las expectativas
generalmente no se cumplen, por la ausencia de un modelo de gobernanza y el predominio de las relaciones de
competencia. La falta de participación y de empoderamiento local son muestras de la paradoja de la
conservación, con desarrollo de procesos no participativos. En definitiva, las percepciones de los stakeholders difieren de la teoría y los datos no necesariamente coinciden con su percepción.
En conclusión, las áreas rurales periféricas tienen un futuro sombrío, con oportunidades limitadas. En el contexto
de crisis estructural de las actividades tradicionales, la conservación y puesta en valor del patrimonio natural y
cultural permiten competir y generar oportunidades de diversificación desde el turismo para lograr el desarrollo
local. Las políticas de desarrollo rural (Grupos de Acción Local) han sido clave en el desarrollo de la oferta
turística. Sin embargo, la acumulación de figuras de protección, aunque favorece el turismo, no garantiza la
conservación. A más de tres décadas de la declaración de Parques Naturales, el turismo se ha desarrollado, pero
no se ha conseguido el proceso de patrimonialización (identitario), y la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo local y rural
siguen siendo un tema de unos pocos. Además, la concentración de actividades no consigue paliar las
desigualdades territoriales, a veces las refuerza, siendo factores internos y externos los que condicionan el
desarrollo del turismo, que llega a entrar en competencia con las actividades tradicionales y amenaza con
convertirse en un monocultivo. En definitiva, los resultados invitan a la reflexión sobre el turismo, la
sostenibilidad y el desarrollo en espacios naturales protegidos y patrimoniales más que al optimismo, ya que el
turismo debe ser una pieza clave, pero no la única, pues es necesario integrar las actividades tradicionales y
garantizar la preservación del patrimonio natural y cultural, desde un planteamiento realista de las posibilidades
y limitaciones.Since the middle of the 20th century, rural spaces specialized in primary activities have entered a competitiveness crisis due to the lack of adaptation to the changes of an increasingly global environment and the inability to respond to the dominant development processes, triggering a structural crisis, which increases in the most peripheral, marginal and disconnected areas. As a way of reconnecting with the world, new activities, which are added to the traditional ones, are developed in these rural spaces in the context of the desired multifunctionality and diversification, considering the conservation, protection and enhancement of the natural and cultural heritage. Thus, in terms of multifunctionality, rural spaces incorporate recreational and tourist activities. The expectations created are generally high, understanding tourism as an instrument for sustainability and development and even as a panacea. In fact, community policies have greatly influenced the promotion of tourist activities. However, the results are often limited, since obstacles are encountered to the development of new activities and, sometimes, the sustainability and well-being of the host communities are compromised.
This research employes the case analysis using a mixed methodology. It is focused on two rural spaces in the Iberian southwest: three Natural Parks (Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche; Sierra Norte de Sevilla; Sierra de Hornachuelos) in Sierra Morena (1989) and a post-mining rural space (Riotinto Mining Basin).
The results show how stakeholders recognise in the sustainability a purpose, but not all of them understand the same thing when talking about sustainability and they focus on some dimensions over others and not on their interconnection. Although the contribution of tourism to local and rural development is highlighted, the expectations are generally not met, due to the absence of a model of governance and the predominance of competitive relationships. The lack of participation and local empowerment are examples of the paradox of conservation, with the development of non-participatory processes. In short, stakeholders' perceptions differ from theory and the data do not necessarily coincide with their perception. In conclusion, peripheral rural areas have a bleak future, with limited opportunities. In the context of a structural crisis in traditional activities, the conservation and enhancement of natural and cultural heritage allows them to compete and generate opportunities for diversification through tourism to achieve local development. Rural development policies (Local Action Groups) have been the key in the development of the tourism offer. However, the accumulation of protection figures, although it favors tourism, does not guarantee conservation. More than three decades after the declaration of Natural Parks, tourism has been developed, but the heritage process (identity) has not been achieved, and sustainability and local and rural development continue to be an issue for a few. Furthermore, the concentration of activities fails to alleviate territorial inequalities, and even, sometimes it reinforces them with internal and external factors conditioning the development of tourism, which comes into competition with traditional activities and threatens to become a monoculture.
In the end, the results invite to a reflection on tourism, sustainability and development in protected natural and heritage spaces rather than optimism, since tourism must be a key element, but not the only one, since it is necessary to integrate traditional activities and guarantee the preservation of natural and cultural heritage, from a realistic approach to the possibilities and limitations.Historia, Geografía y Antropologí
Pion, Kaon and nucleon gravitational form factors
No full textA unified set of predictions for pion, kaon and nucleon gravitational form factors is obtained using
a symmetry-preserving truncation of each relevant quantum field equation. A crucial aspect of the
study is the self-consistent characterization of the dressed quark-graviton vertices, applied when
probing each quark flavor inside mesons or nucleons. The calculations reveal that each hadron’s
mass radius is smaller than its charge radius, matching available empirical inferences; moreover,
core pressures are significantly greater than those in neutron stars. This set of predictions is
expected to be instrumental as forthcoming experiments provide opportunities for validation.Work supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 12135007,
12233002); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grant no. BK20220122); Helmholtz-
Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, under the High Potential Programme; Spanish Ministry of Science
and Innovation (MICINN grant no. PID2022-140440NB-C22); and Junta de Andalucía (grant no.
P18-FR-5057)Ciencias Integrada
Design of strategies for the process of digitalisation and technological modernisation in social services organisations
No full textEl presente artículo investiga el uso de tecnologías por profesionales de servicios sociales durante la pandemia de Covid-19, con el objetivo de extraer aprendizajes que ayuden a optimizar los procesos de transición tecnológica en las organizaciones sociales. La investigación considera la tecnología como un factor psicosocial en el entorno laboral, evaluando su impacto en la salud y bienestar de los/as profesionales. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, basada en 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales del Trabajo Social en España, analizadas mediante el software Atlas.ti 23, siguiendo el procedimiento metodológico de la Teoría Fundamentada. El análisis produjo 248 códigos y 2543 citas, de las cuales se consolidaron 57 códigos a partir del código central “Uso de medios tecnológicos”. Los resultados revelaron que el uso de herramientas tecnológicas durante la pandemia de Covid-19 contribuye a mitigar el problema del exceso de documentación física, mejorar la coordinación profesional tanto interna como con otras organizaciones y optimizar la relación de profesional-persona usuaria, entre otras. Las conclusiones permiten identificar un
marco general para el diseño de estrategias que faciliten la transición tecnológica en las organizaciones de servicios sociales, asegurando que las innovaciones tecnológicas no solo mejoren los procesos laborales, sino que también incrementen la calidad de vida de los/as profesionales de las organizaciones.Marco de la Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia 2023 de la Universidad de Huelva (Acción 5.2. de 2023: Fomento de la contratación de personal investigador novelSociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Públic
Academic risk prediction using grades, class attendance, and clicks in the LMS
No full textPocos estudios con Analítica del Aprendizaje han intentado predecir los resultados de
conjunto de un año académico. Esta investigación desarrolló un modelo predictivo del riesgo de
suspender el primer año en un grado de negocios (i.e., obtener menos créditos de los necesarios
para aprobar), utilizando Regresión Logística con datos de dos cohortes de estudiantes (n=1046).
El modelo utiliza la tasa de asistencia, calificaciones de evaluación continua de tres asignaturas y los
clics en la LMS, del primer semestre del año. Se probó con 74 estudiantes de una cohorte diferente,
obteniendo una precisión alta, pero una sensibilidad baja. Los resultados sugieren que la asistencia
a clases, las habilidades de comunicación y la competencia numérica son transversales al éxito
académico. El artículo revela una relación no lineal entre la actividad en la LMS y la media
académica y propone un método para tratarlofew studies with Learning Analytics have attempted to predict the overall outcomes
of an academic year. This research developed a predictive model of the risk of failing the first year
in a business degree (i.e.; earning fewer credits than needed to pass), using Logistic Regression with
data from two cohorts of students (n=1046). The model uses attendance rate, continuous
assessment grades for three subjects, and clicks on the LMS, from the first semester of the year. It
was tested with 74 students from a different cohort, obtaining high precision but low sensitivity. The
results suggest that class attendance, communication skills, and numerical competence are crosscutting
to academic success. The paper reveals a nonlinear relationship between LMS activity and
academic mean, and proposes a method to address i
Design, validation and evaluation of the training programme for teachers: Emotional and Motivational Climate in the classroom (CEYM)
No full textEl clima generado por el profesorado está relacionado con consecuencias positivas en el contexto escolar. Ante la escasa formación en esta temática, se planteó diseñar, validar y evaluar un programa de intervención en el clima emocional y motivacional para docentes. En primer lugar, se diseñó el programa a través de un grupo nominal de siete expertos. En segundo lugar, se validó su contenido y se analizó su consistencia interna a través de la opinión de 25 expertos. Por último, se aplicó el programa evaluando la mejora del clima emocional y motivacional a través de herramientas de observación específicas para dicho fin. El programa consta de una serie de formaciones que dotan al profesorado de estrategias y recursos que pueden ser aplicados en el aula. Los resultados han mostrado que el programa “Clima emocional y motivacional-CEYM” es una propuesta formativa válida y fiable para mejorar el clima emocional y motivacional generado por los docentesThe climate generated by teachers is related to positive consequences in the school context. Given the lack of training in this area, we decided to design, validate and evaluate an intervention programme on emotional and motivational climate for teachers. Firstly, the programme was designed through a nominal group of seven experts. Secondly, its content was validated and its internal consistency was analysed through the opinion of 25 experts. Finally, the programme was applied by assessing the improvement of the emotional and motivational climate through specific observation tools for this purpose. The programme consists of a series of trainings that provide teachers with strategies and resources that can be applied in the classroom. The results have shown that the "Emotional and Motivational Climate-CEYM" programme is a valid and reliable training proposal for improving the emotional and motivational climate generated by teachersDidácticas Integrada
Assessment of occupational risks in nurses in Spain. Preliminary psychometric analysis of the ISTAS_Enfermería scale
No full textTo adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the SUSESO/ISTAS21 questionnaire for nurses in Spain. Cross-sectional
study for the cross-cultural adjustment and psychometric validation of the COPSOQ-ISTAS21 scale. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and data was correlated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, thus assessing the reliability and criterion validity. The sample consisted of 2757 Spanish nurses. The exploratory factor analysis identified a 5-factor structure with 15 items, which explained 63.6% of the variance. The factors were named: Support at work; Job satisfaction; Work-related emotional well-being; Job insecurity; and Double presence. The internal consistency of the questionnaire, measured by Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficient, was adequate, with values of 0.764 and 0.741, respectively. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit. Three levels of psychosocial risk (low, intermediate, and high) were identified based on percentiles and quartiles of mean scores. The adapted version of the SUSESO/ISTAS21 questionnaire showed reliable psychometric properties in Spanish nurses, making it a valid and robust tool for assessing psychosocial risks in this group.Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Públic
Simple power-efficient preamplifier-shaper channel for readout interface of silicon detectors
Full text linkThis paper presents the design and characteristics of a front-end readout system for silicon sensors used in nuclear spectroscopy studies. Furthermore, the study proposes circuit topologies that combine gain-boosting and class-AB techniques featuring a good performance regarding gain, accuracy, speed, linearity, and power consumption, meeting the stringent requirements of deep submicrometer CMOS technologies. The readout channel comprises a charge-sensitive amplifier with a tunable discharge time, pole-zero cancellation circuit, and first-order unipolar shaper with a peaking time of 90 ns. The building blocks are made up of single-stage op-amps, thus not requiring compensation. Furthermore, the circuit is optimized for a detector capacitance of 5 pF, and the noise performance is discussed. Experimental results in a 180 nm CMOS process and a supply voltage of ±0.9 V validate the designed front-end channel. The total area of the chip obtained was 0.028 mm2. The conversion gain was 3.1 mV/fC, and the system maintained linearity up to an input charge range of 150 fC with a maximum output swing of 460 mV and recovered to the baseline within 400 ns. The compact design and the power consumption of only 1.97 mW provided a feasible solution for current radiation detectors coupled to many highly dense electronic channels.Ingeniería Electrónica, de Sistemas Informáticos y Automátic
Topic-based engagement analysis: Focusing on hotel industry Twitter account
Full text linkIn a social-media context, brands need to understand how to frame their messages, so that a topic can be quickly recognized, promoting higher levels of user engagement. However, knowledge about the link between content type and its engagement is not sufficiently studied. We first explore hotel Firm-Generated Content (FGC) and its inherent themes using topic modelling; we then use an ad hoc metric to investigate the engagement levels associated with each topic; thirdly, we compare the relevance attached to the topics with their engagement levels. In total, 44,448 corporate tweets from 62 hotel brands were analyzed to identify 14 topics, one of which had not previously been uncovered. Notably, there was a positive correlation with engagement for content related to hotel management activities and, among smaller groups, to sustainability. The results will expand FGC-related investigation within the hotel sector and will be of interest to firms seeking effective communication strategies
The OPTIMUS International Consensus Guidance for Monitoring User-Reported Outcomes of Opioid Maintenance Treatment: a Delphi Study
No full textOpioid use disorder is a major cause of drug-related harm and mortality. These can be reduced by expanded access to evidence-based and highly effective opioid agonist maintenance treatment or therapy (OMT). There is a lack of consensus on how to assess opioid use disorder treatment outcomes, and key health outcomes are often omitted. We report the results of a Delphi study to produce service user- and public health–centred international consensus guidance for OMT outcomes monitoring. An international group of 110 substance use specialists in 32 countries, including service providers, researchers and people with lived experience of OMT, produced draft guidance over multiple meetings. The guidance includes a service user-reported OMT outcomes questionnaire, based on 26 core questions, plus optional questions, in six domains (treatment, physical health, mental health, social functioning, substance use, quality of life). A Delphi panel of 757 OMT professionals and service users (46%) from 29 countries, of which 40% were female, reviewed the questionnaire over two survey rounds, supporting and improving it (round 2 mean agreement score on a 1-6 Likert scale: 5.2; 95%CI 5.1–5.3). By focusing on service user–reported and public health–centred outcomes of OMT, the OPTIMUS consensus guidance aims to facilitate the communication between service providers and service users and improve the quality of care and the survival, health and quality of life of OMT service users.Psicología Clínica y Experimenta