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Otherness measuring scale: design and validation for social sciences
Get PDFThis paper is the result of a scale validation process, applicable to social science research, which allows the constructs
of otherness and coexistence and their relationship to be trasnformed into measurable, systematized variables. In
turn, this scale is the product of a research project whose main objectives were (i) to demonstrate the relationship
between coexistence as an independent variable and otherness as a dependent variable, and (ii) to create and statistically
validate a scale to measure both variables, so to use it in applied research. The sample consisted of 600
participants. Three instruments were used: two semantic differentials and a 33-item questionnaire. The application
was carried out virtually due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The method includes a mixed type of work, i.e., qualitative,
and quantitative procedures. The results showed two factors, the other as strange or foreign and the other as equal.
The final scale consisted of 10 items, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86 and variance explaining 58% of the otherness.The authors would like to thank the Universidad del Norte and Ministry of Science,
Innovation and Technology (MINCIENCIAS) for their support in carrying
out this research.Pedagogí
"Teoría de Mecanismos y Estructuras": Un proyecto de virtualización basado en el estudio de casos y los foros de discusión
No full textContenido restringido. Copyright exclusivo de la editorialIngeniería Minera, Mecánica, Energética y de la Construcció
Design and stabilization of a Coandă effect-based UAV: Comparative study between fuzzy logic and PID control approaches
Get PDFRecent years have experienced a notable surge in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) research, prompting exploration
into innovative concepts. This paper introduces a compact UAV harnessing the Coand˘a effect, an
underexplored phenomenon in fluid mechanics. Featuring a single lift motor and two types of flaps, this UAV
offers exceptional maneuverability, presenting significant challenges compared to conventional multi-rotor
UAVs. To address these challenges, we explore the theoretical study, mechatronic design, and manufacturing
complexities of the Coand˘a UAV. Emphasizing the distinctiveness of our work, we assess a Fuzzy Logic Controller
(FLC) for UAV stabilization, marking the first application of such techniques to a Coand˘a-effect UAV, in contrast
to the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control employed by other researchers. This innovative application
of Fuzzy logic, particularly the Sugeno model, proves advantageous, offering faster and more robust control in
uncertain or noisy environments. The proposed FLC strategy is systematically compared against a classical PID
control approach, formulated based on the Mamdani and Sugeno models, optimized and manually tuned using a
genetic algorithm. Our results showcase a significantly improved settling time of 0.417 s with the FLC strategy,
surpassing the PID control approach by 35.23%. To substantiate our findings, we present comprehensive
experimentation conducted at both software and hardware levels using Matlab® and Simulink for a
microcontroller-based UAV. This groundbreaking fusion of novel design and advanced control techniques not
only addresses the unique challenges posed by the Coand˘a UAV’s aerodynamics but also contributes significantly
to the field of UAV research.Ingeniería Electrónica, de Sistemas Informáticos y Automátic
Evaluation of the Impact of a Midwife-Led Breastfeeding Group Intervention on Prevention of Postpartum Depression: A Multicentre Randomised Clinical Trial
Get PDFPostpartum depression is a significant health issue affecting both mothers and newborns during the postpartum period. Group support interventions during this period have proven effective in helping women cope with depression and improving breastfeeding rates. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a midwife-led breastfeeding support group intervention on breastfeeding rates, postpartum depression and general self-efficacy. This was a multicentric cluster randomised controlled trial with control and intervention groups and was not blinded. It was conducted in Andalusia (southern Spain) from October 2021 to May 2023. A total of 382 women participated in the study. The results showed a significant difference in exclusive breastfeeding rates at 4 months postpartum between the groups (control 50% vs. intervention 69.9%; p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a lower mean score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the intervention group (12.49 ± 3.6 vs. 13.39 ± 4.0; p = 0.044). Similarly, higher scores of general self-efficacy were observed among breastfeeding women at 2 and 4 months postpartum (77.73 ± 14.81; p = 0.002 and 76.46 ± 15.26; p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, midwife-led breastfeeding support groups enhanced self-efficacy, prolonged breastfeeding and reduced postpartum depression 4 months after giving birth.Psicología Social, Evolutiva y de la Educació
Materiality analysis in sustainability reporting: Insights from large Spanish companies
Get PDFDespite the significance of materiality, its implementation has been perceived as
ambiguous, opaque, and heterogeneous. This study focuses on analyzing materiality reporting among companies that utilize GRI and are listed on the Spanish stock exchange between 2018 and 2021. First, it examines the disclosure of materiality analysis by introducing a materiality disclosure assessment index (MDA) and exploring its determinants. Additionally, it investigates the alignment of material topics with GRI Topic Standards, analyzing the cross-cutting nature of material topics. Our results indicate that MDA reached slightly over half of its maximum value. We found evidence that MDA is positively associated with membership in the IBEX 35, as well as with five out of the seven industries comprising the stock index. Furthermore, the years of disclosure experience in two industries significantly influenced MDA. Companies considered 20% of material topics as cross-cutting, while another 20% had no direct correspondence with GRI standards. This study builds upon previous empirical findings on GRI materiality disclosure and provides valuable insights for research, practice, and standard setting.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva/CBUAEconomía Financiera, Contabilidad y Dirección de Operacione
Conocimientos tecnopedagógicos y disciplinarios de los profesores de primaria en diferentes contextos sociodemográficos
Get PDFThe aims to explore teachers' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) and its relationship with socio-demographic factors. A quantitative, non-experimental, transactional study was conducted, consisted of 403 primary school teachers. The TPACK questionnaire Chilean version. Descriptive, correlational, and inferential techniques were used for the statistical analyses, consider normality, contrast, and post-hoc tests were considered. It is show that teachers have higher levels of pedagogical (4.27) and disciplinary (4.12) knowledge compared to technological (3.59). Likewise, there are positive correlations in all dimensions of TPACK, highlighting technological knowledge (TK) and its derivations of technological content knowledge (TCK) and technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), with values between (.613) and (.732).El objetivo de la investigación es explorar el conocimiento tecnológico, pedagógico y de contenido (TPACK) de los docentes y su relación con los factores sociodemográficos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental y transaccional, con una muestra de 403 docentes de primaria. Se utilizó el cuestionario TPACK, versión chilena. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, correlacionales e inferenciales, considerando pruebas de normalidad, contraste y post-hoc. Se concluye que los docentes presentan mayores niveles de conocimiento pedagógico (4,27) y disciplinar (4,12) en comparación con el tecnológico (3,59). Asimismo, existen correlaciones positivas en todas las dimensiones del TPACK, destacando el conocimiento tecnológico (TK) y sus derivaciones de conocimiento tecnológico de contenido (TCK) y conocimiento tecnológico pedagógico (TPK), con valores entre (.613) y (.732). Además, se identificó diferencias significas en algunas de las dimensiones del TPACK, conforme a las variables al género, años de servicio, dependencia administrativa, formación profesional y evaluación docente
Functional fitness benchmark values for older adults: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: The use of normative values and/or standards of functional fitness in adults is relevant to overall health and well-being. The objectives of the study were: to identify the physical tests of the senior fitness test (SFT) that have been applied since its proposal and to describe the proposed percentiles according to age, sex and country.
Methods: A systematic review study was conducted in the Pubmed and Scopus databases. As eligibility criteria, we considered the period from 1999 to 2022 that presented data on SFT test used in the population over 60 years of age and that described normative values through percentiles. MeSH were used as: (1) Physical fitness, Exercise test, Senior Fitness Test, Functional fitness, Cardiorespiratory fitness, (2) older adult, aged, (3) Reference standards, standards, standards of care. Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” were included. Data extracted from the selected studies included: year of publication, country, sample age, sample size, sample sex, fitness component.
Results and discussion: Seven studies were identified in five countries (03 in China, 01 in Poland, 01 in Portugal, 01 in Spain and 01 in United States). The age range ranged from 60 to 103 years. The studies were conducted in both sexes. The study with the smallest sample size was by Chung et al. (China) with 944 participants and the largest number of participants was the study by Rikli and Jones in the United States with 7,183 participants. In general, no study was able to complete 100% (8 components) of the tests proposed in the SFT. Normative values were presented through percentile distribution (p10, p50 and p90) organized by age ranges. Males presented better performance in FPF tests than females in all tests. Since the first publication of the SFT until 2022, seven articles have been published in countries such as United States, China (three regional studies), Poland, Portugal and Spain. No study has published the complete battery with its eight components. The percentiles of functional fitness reflect decline with advancing age.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from Fondecyt Regular Project 1221708 of the National Agency for Research and Development of Chile (Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile.Didácticas Integrada
MindFlex/ACT: Psychological skills from the perspective of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy – Exploratory study
Get PDFUma vasta gama de estudos tem mostrado que a promoção
da flexibilidade psicológica tem um impacto significativo
e positivo na saúde mental. A Terapia de Aceitação
e Compromisso (ACT), inserida na terceira vaga das Terapias
Cognitivo-Comportamentais, constitui-se como um
modelo que visa usar e promover a flexibilidade psicológica.
O presente estudo pretende organizar e explorar uma
nova escala de avaliação das competências psicológicas
relacionadas com a flexibilidade psicológica, que denominamos
de “MindFlex/ACT” e que foi concebida a partir de
diversas escalas já usadas e validadas. Participaram neste
estudo 1174 indivíduos, dos quais 78,4% (N=916) são do
género feminino, com uma idade média de 38,45 anos
(DP=14,00), compreendidos entre os 18 e os 75 anos. O
estudo preliminar da Escala do Instrumento MindFlex/
ACT mostrou uma boa consistência interna para todos as
dimensões. Mostrou também interessantes resultados ao
longo da vida, e na sua relação com outros indicadores
de saúde psicológica e comportamentos de saúde associados
ao estilo de vida, sugerindo o seu interesse para a
prática clínica e educativa, no âmbito da saúde psicológica,
estando neste momento em curso a sua redução para
estudos epidemiológicos à população.A wide range of studies have shown that promoting
psychological flexibility has a significant and positive
impact on mental health. Acceptance and Commitment
Therapy (ACT), a model in the third wave of Cognitive-
Behavioral Therapies, is designed to foster psychological
flexibility. The present study aims to organize and
explore a new scale for assessing psychological skills
related to psychological flexibility, called “MindFlex/
ACT,” which was designed based on several existing
and validated scales. 1174 individuals participated in
this study; 78.4% (N=916) were female, with an average
age of 38.45 years (SD=14.00), ranging from 18 to 75
years. The preliminary study of the MindFlex/ACT Instrument
Scale revealed good internal consistency for
all dimensions. It also showed interesting results across
different life stages and its relationship with other indicators
of psychological health and health behaviors
associated with lifestyle. These findings suggest the
potential utility of the scale in clinical and educational
settings within the scope of psychological health. The
scale reduction for use in epidemiological studies on
the population is currently in progress
Perceptions and behaviors of university students in the face of online hate speech: a comparative analysis between Spain and Italy
Get PDFLos discursos de odio son una evidencia de que las redes sociales no siempre favorecen las democracias modernas; cada vez hay más problemáticas relacionadas con un mal uso de estas, poniendo en juego los valores occidentales. Este fenómeno ha aumentado con la pandemia del COVID-19. El objetivo de este artículo es investigar con estudiantes universitarios de España e Italia las percepciones que tienen sobre los discursos de odio tales como sexteo, «grooming», ciberacoso, analizar sus comportamientos en línea como víctimas y agresores, y explorar las formas de odio hacía personas que han tenido un papel relevante en la pandemia del COVID-19. Mediante el uso de una metodología cuantitativa-descriptiva, participaron 418 estudiantes universitarios de ambos países, reclutados con muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que en ambos países hay un aumento de la percepción del odio durante el COVID-19. En este sentido, las formas de violencia más incrementadas son: sexteo, violencia de género y ciberacoso; entre las categorías más afectadas se encuentran los trabajadores del sector sanitario, de supermercados y las personas con discapacidad. Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de tratar el discurso del odio con un enfoque educativo orientado tanto al sentido crítico y responsable de los medios de comunicación como al respeto a la diversidad, la interculturalidad y la educación emocionaHate speech is evidence that social networks do not always favor modern democracies; there are more and more issues related to their misuse, putting Western values at stake. This phenomenon has increased with the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this paper is to investigate in Spanish and Italian university students their perceptions of hate speech such as sexting, grooming, cyberbullying, to analyze their online behaviors as victims and aggressors and to explore the forms of hatred towards people who have played a relevant role in the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a quantitative-descriptive methodology, 418 university students from both countries participated, recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. The results obtained show that in both countries there is an increase in the perception of hatred during COVID-19. In this context, the most increased forms of violence are sexting, gender violence and cyberbullying; among the most affected categories are healthcare workers, supermarket workers, and people with disabilities. Therefore, the results highlight the need to address hate speech with an educational approach oriented towards both critical and responsible media literacy as well as respect for diversity, interculturality, and emotional educationPedagogí
Competences that affect the gastronomic entrepreneur for a proper business management
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to analyse the latest research using a systematic review of the literature and a bibliographic mapping in order to identify the competencies that a gastronomic entrepreneur should possess in order to be effective and achieve success in their business. To this end, a review of the literature is carried out through the most relevant topics, main authors and journals, and to visualise their interrelations. The results show that gastronomic management requires the acquisition of knowledge, competences and skills from a multidisciplinary perspective, specifically differentiating between the needed training competences to be a good gastronomic manager, and those that are acquired and developed during the work in the industry premises. A bibliometric mapping of the publications indexed in WoS and Scopus was conducted using VOSviewer software. During the search process, 178 references for a search period from 2014 to 2023 were obtained. Based on co-occurrence frequencies of key terms, our term map provides a visual representation of the latest research in the Gastronomic Entrepreneur's Competencies (GEC). This study contributes to the literature on gastronomy entrepreneurship research and its findings may be useful for gastronomic entrepreneurs, researchers, food business leaders and decision-makers in this sector.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Huelva/CBUA. This research received no external funding. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva/CBUA.Economía Financiera, Contabilidad y Dirección de Operacione