University of Huelva
Arias Montano: Institutional Repository of the University of HuelvaNot a member yet
23099 research outputs found
Sort by
Implications of plantar static pressure distribution among bilateral flatfoot patients: An analytical case-control research
Full text linkBackground: Adult pes planus is a highly prevalent condition characterized by the gradual or sudden appearance
of fallen arches in adulthood, which is a recognized cause of difficulty with balance and stability, discomfort,
pain, swelling, tired and achy feet and impairment. Accordingly, the main purpose of this analytical, case-control
study was to evaluate the characteristics in foot morphology related to static plantar pressure distribution in
adults with and without a bilateral condition.
Methods: Sixty-eight subjects were recruited by a laboratory in this analytical case-control study, involving thirtyfour
adults with a bilateral condition and thirty-four healthy controls. Static plantar pressure was measured in all
participants using a specific portable pressure platform with multiple resistive sensors which was placed on the
floor.
Results: Static plantar pressure distribution in the cases group showed significant increases in the right and left
surface areas, in the right heel surface area and also in the left foot mean peak pressure (p < 0.001), as well as in
the left heel surface area (p = 0.003).
Conclusions: Adults with bilateral flatfoot showed changes in the surface areas in both feet and recorded higher
levels in static plantar pressures with respect to the control group, a feature which can be associated with this
common bilateral condition.Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña / CISUG.Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Públic
Propuesta de marco de evaluación de apps que promueven hábitos saludables en menores
No full textEs un hecho que los dispositivos móviles como el smartphone o la tablet han penetrado, de forma generalizada,
en todos los sectores de la población debido a sus múltiples características y funcionalidades, destacando en los
últimos años sobre todo la utilización de apps por parte de menores y jóvenes.
Asimismo, algunas de estas apps se han diseñado y desarrollado con el propósito de promover la adquisición de
hábitos de vida saludable en la población infantil y adolescente e incluyen, a su vez, elementos gamificados. Sin
embargo, la mayoría de ellas no han sido sometidas a procesos de regulación de calidad y fiabilidad.
Tanto es así que la población general no dispone de herramientas de evaluación ni de orientaciones adecuadas a
la hora de localizar y seleccionar una determinada app sobre salud. Mucho menos docentes y familias, como
agentes educativos clave, para integrar en el aula con el alumnado o utilizar en el hogar con sus hijos o hijas apps
confiables.
Por consiguiente, esta Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo principal conocer las potencialidades y las posibilidades
educativas de las apps gamificadas centradas en la promoción y adquisición de hábitos saludables en la población
infantil y adolescente que están actualmente disponibles en el mercado, así como desarrollar un marco de
evaluación a partir del cual se construyen y validan diferentes versiones de un instrumento de evaluación de la
calidad dirigido a usuarios y usuarias finales.
Metodológicamente, la investigación es de naturaleza mixta ya que se han recolectado, analizado y relacionado
datos cuantitativos y cualitativos en el mismo estudio para tener una perspectiva más amplia y profunda del
fenómeno.
De este modo, ante todo, se han realizado revisiones en profundidad de la literatura en reconocidas bases de
datos de alto impacto científico y académico a fin de identificar y extraer las dimensiones e indicadores que han
conformado el marco de evaluación. Posteriormente, para la construcción de las primeras versiones del instrumento, se ha procedido a la validación
teórica de las dimensiones e indicadores que se han considerado en la revisión de la literatura. Las técnicas
empleadas han sido un grupo de discusión con especialistas en diversas áreas de conocimiento como la educación,
la salud o la tecnología, una entrevista semiestructurada con una experta en metodologías de la investigación, y
un juicio de expertos y expertas.
Finalmente, ha tenido lugar la validación empírica del instrumento por medio de dos pruebas piloto (una con
docentes de diferentes centros educativos ubicados en distintos puntos de España y otra con familias residentes
en Huelva capital y provincia). Se ha llevado cabo un muestreo no probabilístico, por cuotas en función del curso
y del rango de edad del alumnado destinatario, siendo segundo y tercer ciclo de educación primaria y primer ciclo
de educación secundaria obligatoria, de manera deliberada, intencional, por conveniencia y voluntariedad para
participar en la evaluación/intervención.
Las pruebas piloto han consistido en valorar con cada versión del instrumento dos apps asignadas al azar. Tras la validación de cada versión, se han contrastado los resultados obtenidos en ambas pruebas piloto según los
análisis estadísticos realizados, además de las valoraciones recogidas en aquellos ítems de respuesta abierta, y se
ha preparado la versión final.
Así pues, en definitiva se ha configurado un marco de evaluación integral que consta de un instrumento de medida
de base general, en sus dos versiones, sólido, fiable, acorde a los avances teóricos, de fácil aplicación, útil y eficaz
para valorar la calidad de las apps en cuestión.A fact is that mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets have widely permeated all sectors of the population
due to their multiple features and functionalities, with a notable increase in the use of apps by minors and young
people in recent years.
Some of these apps have been designed and developed with the purpose of promoting the acquisition of healthy
lifestyle habits in the child and adolescent population, incorporating gamified elements. However, the majority of
them have not undergone quality and reliability regulation processes.
To the extent that the general population lacks assessment tools and adequate guidance when it comes to locating
and selecting a specific health-related app. Even less so for educators and families, as key educational agents, to
integrate reliable apps into the classroom with students or use them at home with their children.
Therefore, this Doctoral Thesis aims to primarily understand the educational potentials and possibilities of gamified
apps focused on promoting and acquiring healthy habits in the child and adolescent population currently available
in the market. It also aims to develop an evaluation framework from which different versions of an evaluation
instrument for end-users are constructed and validated.
Methodologically, the research is of a mixed nature, as quantitative and qualitative data have been collected,
analyzed, and correlated in the same study to gain a broader and deeper perspective of the phenomenon.
Firstly, in-depth literature reviews were conducted on renowned databases with high scientific and academic impact
to identify and extract the dimensions and indicators that have shaped the evaluation framework.
Subsequently, for the construction of the initial versions of the instrument, a theoretical validation of the
dimensions and indicators considered in the literature review was carried out. Techniques employed included a
focus group with specialists in various fields such as education, health, or technology, a semi-structured interview
with a research methodology expert, and an expert judgment.
Finally, empirical validation of the instrument took place through two pilot tests (one with teachers from different
educational centers located in various parts of Spain and another with families residing in Huelva city and province).
A non-probabilistic sampling method was deliberately chosen, based on quotas according to the course and age
range of the target student, intentionally, conveniently, and voluntarily participating in the evaluation/intervention.
The pilot tests involved evaluating two randomly assigned apps with each version of the instrument. After the
validation of each version, the results obtained in both pilot tests were compared through statistical analyses, in
addition to the evaluations collected in open-ended response items, leading to the preparation of the final version. In conclusion, an integral evaluation framework has been configured, consisting of a general baseline measurement
instrument in its two versions, which is robust, reliable, in line with theoretical advances, easy to apply, useful,
and effective for assessing the quality of the relevant apps.Pedagogí
Social representation of social expert reports in court judgements: a relevant analysis for forensic social work
Full text linkThis article presents a novel contribution in the judicial field by analysing the social representation of expert
reports in judgments handed down in Spain from 2000 to 2019. Social expert opinions are presented as
evidence in court proceedings to assist judges in decision-making, and despite their distinction and
contribution, they are currently an underexplored field. The aim of this article is significant in that it allows
evidence to be generated through analysis of the themes or issues that appear in judgments together
with the content used by judges to uphold or reject claims. The analytical strategy is based on lexicometry
using Iramuteq software, allowing for the examination and categorisation of the lexical worlds, the type of
relationships established between terms and the contextual-relational dimension of the conditions of
production of judicial discourse concerning social expert reports.
The results show a close relationship between social expert reports and cases involving minors, especially
in the allocation of custody, and shed light on the contribution of these reports through the measurement of
social harm in other areas such as medical malpractice.
Social harm appears in our analysis as a novel concept that is beginning to appear in judgements following
the approval of the new traffic tariff. This means entering a new field of study in which social work must play a
key role, leading the measurement of this social harm through social expert reportsSociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Públic
A look at the Risks and Threats of Artificial Intelligence, from Media Ecology
Full text linkDesde una perspectiva histórica y un análisis prospectivo, el artículo tiene como objetivo comprender el papel de las tecnologías y su impacto en la sociedad, a través de los postulados de la ecología de los medios. A través de esta metadisciplina, nos adentramos a la rigurosa revisión de diferentes autores que ven en las tecnologías un rol destacado en la configuración del futuro porque no solo influyen en la cultura de las sociedades, sino que también impactan en el curso, avance y significado de la historia. El texto se centra en las ventajas y, sobre todo, en la explicación de los riesgos de la inteligencia artificial generativa, identificando ocho escenarios críticos: armamento, desinformación, juegos de proxy, debilitamiento, bloqueo o retención de valor, metas emergentes no deseadas, engaño y comportamiento de búsqueda de poder. Posteriormente, el CASI las reagrupa en cuatro amenazas: uso malicioso, la carrera de la IA, riesgos organizativos e IA descontrolada. Terminamos recuperando las reflexiones de McLuhan y su tétrada sobre la necesidad de enfriar las tecnologías cuando han alcanzado altos niveles de desarrollo para minimizar su impacto negativo. Si bien la inteligencia artificial no ha alcanzado ese estado, se advierte sobre la acelerada evolución y la necesidad de una alfabetización en IA como una medida para afrontar los riesgos y amenazas, eso sí, en un tiempo limitado antes de que sea tardeFrom a historical perspective and a prospective analysis, the article aims to understand the role of technologies and their impact on society through the postulates of media ecology. Through this meta-discipline, we delve into the rigorous review of different authors who see technologies as playing a prominent role in shaping the future because they not only influence the culture of societies, but also impact the course, advancement and meaning of history. The text focuses on the advantages and on the explanation of the risks of generative artificial intelligence, identifying eight critical scenarios: weaponization, disinformation, proxy games, weakening, blocking or withholding of value, unwanted emerging goals, deception and power-seeking behavior. Subsequently, CASI regroups them into four threats: malicious use, the AI race, organizational risks and uncontrolled AI. We end the by drawing on McLuhan’s reflections and stressing the need to scale back technologies when they have reached elevated levels of development to minimize their negative impact. Although artificial intelligence has not reached that state, there is a warning about the accelerated evolution and the need for AI literacy as a measure to face risks and threats, in a limited time before it is too latePedagogí
Strength characteristics in faster change of direction basketball players: A comparison across cutting angles
Full text linkChange of directions (COD) involves multidirectional and complex actions, with
performance influenced by multiple factors. As lower limb strength is one of the
most determinant of COD performance, the present study aimed to (a) explore the
differences in strength outcomes across different lower limb muscle actions between
faster and slower basketball players in COD actions at different angles and
(b) analyse the relationship between isometric, concentric and eccentric strength
outcomes and COD performance at different cutting angles. Twenty‐five basketball
players (44% female) completed a battery of tests, encompassing isokinetic and
isometric squat strength assessments, along with COD tests at 45°, 90° and 180°.
Players were categorised as ‘low‐performance’ and ‘high‐performance’ groups based
on execution time in COD, facilitating a comparison between performance groups.
Results indicated that concentric strength showed the greatest differences between
performance groups at 45° COD (effect size ≥ 0.813; p ≤ 0.034). Isometric and
eccentric strength demonstrated a moderate‐to‐large relationship with 90° COD
performance (Rho ≥ 0.394; p ≤ 0.045), and all muscle actions exhibited a large
relationship with 180° COD (Rho ≥ 0.445; p ≤ 0.030). Moreover, the fastest players
showed higher levels of concentric strength relative to eccentric strength, regardless
of the cutting angle. These findings hold practical applications, suggesting that
basketball coaches should train a specific kind of muscle action depending on the
individual players' COD demands, focusing on improving the rapid eccentric force
application while striving to reduce the eccentric/concentric ratioFormación del Profesorado Universitario”
Programme, run by Spanish Ministry of
Universities, Grant/Award Numbers: FPU19/
02030, FPU22/01057; Recualificación del
Profesorado Universitario. Modalidad
Margarita SalasDidácticas Integrada
An overview of the risk factors for producing fifth metatarsal fracture in sports activities: A systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: The fifth metatarsal fracture is a foot injury that occurs in sports activities. This fracture has been associated with risk factors based on intrinsic variables
such as type of feet (flatfoot or cavus foot), foot pathologies, and bone density among
others. Extrinsic variables associated with fifth metatarsal fractures include sports
maneuvers, the type of sports practice, and contact surface. Although this injury has
been investigated over the years, there is no consensus on the most relevant risk
factors that cause this injury. An increase in the number of people with fractures makes
it a relevant topic of research. The objective of this review was to identify an overview
of the risk factors for producing the fifth metatarsal fracture based on intrinsic and
extrinsic variables in sports activities. Furthermore, this review aimed to clarify what is
known and what is needed on the risk factors that can influence the appearance of the
fracture.
Methods: A search in electronic databases, such as Scopus (n = 87), PubMed (n = 187),
and Web of Science (n = 173) was conducted. The initial search yielded 447 titles and
abstracts, from which 31 papers were selected for detailed analysis after screening all
citations against the eligibility criteria.
Results: After screening the manuscripts, it was found that the fifth metatarsal fracture
can be produced by multiple factors. However, most of the studies focus on one or two
specific risk factors. It was found that soccer (38.7%) is the sports activity that presents
a higher risk of getting a fifth metatarsal fracture compared to other sports activities.
The second risk factor was the performance of critical maneuvers (22.5%) and the third
one was the biomechanics of the foot (22.5%).
Conclusion: It is paramount to identify the most critical risk factors linked to the fifth
metatarsal fracture to be able to implement effective treatments and prevention
strategiesSociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Públic
Dehesilla Cave Rock Paintings (Cádiz, Spain): Analysis and Contextualisation within the Prehistoric Art of the Southern Iberian Peninsula
Full text linkA systematic survey of Dehesilla Cave was carried out during 2017 in order to search for traces of
rock art. Several panels with paintings were identified in the chamber next to the entrance (consisting of
strokes, dots, stains, and remnants of shapes in red and black), which had remained unnoticed up until now
and may provide relevant information towards the understanding of the prehistoric use of the cave and its
seemingly symbolic topography. However, we cannot assume a priori a relationship between these paintings
and the well-known Neolithic sequence of the site. To assess these paintings, we have analysed photomicrographs
which have allowed us to determine their detailed characteristics, stroke morphology, and remnant
features (for instance, hue, shape, density of paint, pigment grain size, micro-stroke traces left by the tools
used). Taphonomic issues have also been considered and several physical and chemical techniques of analysis
have been applied in order to identify the pigments and possible bindersA number of people and entities have collaborated with logistic support and diverse
resources for the tasks developed by the Dehesilla Project during the 2017 season: Algar Local Council, Jerez
de la Frontera Archaeological Museum, EvoCultura-Association for the study of human behaviour and
cultural diversity, as well as the Díaz Romero family. Daniel García Rivero personally thanks his team of
collaborators for their help during the archaeological excavation of 2017. We must be grateful to Carlos Luis
Pérez Avendaño for the revision of the English textHistoria, Geografía y Antropologí
Peer mentoring experience related to information and communication technologies. A qualitative study
No full textIntroduccion. En una educación de calidad e inclusiva, deben estar presentes las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación, con una tendencia creciente en entornos educativos desde la pandemia por COVID-19. Este hecho ha transformado el aprendizaje hacia modelos más colaborativos e interactivos, pero también ha supuesto una barrera respecto a la falta de habilidades o conocimientos sobre su uso. Esta circunstancia fue detectada entre parte del alumnado de primer curso del Grado de Enfermería.
Objetivos. El presente estudio se centra en la exploración de la percepción del alumnado participante sobre la experiencia de la mentoría entre iguales en la mejora de la adaptación al uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación. Diseño: El estudio utilizó un enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, basado en entrevistas en profundidad y un grupo focal realizadas a 29 estudiantes que participaron en el proyecto entre los años 2020/2023. Además, se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos y sobre las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación mediante un cuestionario autocumplimentado.
Resultados. Los hallazgos indican que los mentores presentaban mayores competencias que los mentorizados, pero, aun así, para ambos fue positiva y satisfactoria la experiencia, manifestándose como una buena estrategia para facilitar el aprendizaje. Otro resultado llamativo es el desempeño como mentores por parte del alumnado de menor edad, hecho contradictorio con experiencias similares.Esta investigación recibió una subvención de un proyecto de innovación de la Universidad de Huelva.Enfermerí
Effectiveness of machine learning algorithms as a tool to meat traceability system. A case study to classify Spanish Mediterranean lamb carcasses
Full text linkEstablishing the traceability of meat products has been a major focus of food science in recent decades. In this
context, recent advances in food nutritional biomarker identification and improvements in statistical technology
have allowed for more accurate identification and classification of food products. Moreover, artificial intelligence
has now provided a new opportunity for optimizing existing methods to identify animal products. This study
presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different machine learning algorithms based on raw data
from analyses of organoleptic, sensory and nutritional meat traits to differentiate categories of commercial lamb
from an indigenous Spanish breed (Mallorquina breed) obtained from the following production systems: suckling
lambs; light lambs from grazing; and light lambs from grazing supplemented with grain. Six machine learning
algorithms were evaluated: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Naive
Bayes, Multinomial Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). For each algorithm, we tested three
datasets, namely organoleptic traits and sensorial traits (CIELAB colour, water holding capacity, Warner-Bratzler
shear force, volatile compounds and trained tasters), and nutritional traits (proximate composition and fatty acid
profile). We also tested a combination of all three datasets. All the data were combined into a dataset with 144
variables resulting from the meat characterization, which included 11,232 event records. The ANN algorithm
stood out for its high score with each of the three datasets used. In fact, we obtained an overall accuracy of 0.88,
0.83, and 0.88 for the organoleptic-sensory, nutritional, and combined datasets, respectively. The effectiveness of
using the SVM algorithm to assign categories of lambs according to its production system performed better with
nutritional traits and the full characterization, with performances equal to those obtained with ANN. The KNN
algorithm showed the worst performance, with overall accuracies of 0.54 or lower for each of the datasets used.
The results of this study demonstrate that machine learning is a useful tool for classifying commercial lamb
carcasses. In fact, the ANN and SVM algorithms could be proposed as tools for differentiating categories of lamb
production based on the organoleptic, sensory and nutritional characteristics of Mediterranean light lambs’ meat.
However, in order to improve the traceability methods of lamb meat production systems as a guarantee for
consumers and to improve the learning processes used by these algorithms, more studies along these lines with
other lamb breeds are requiredThis research has been financed by the Institute for Agricultural and
Fisheries Research and Training (IRFAP) of the Government of the
Balearic Islands (PRJ201502671-0781), the Spanish National Institute
of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology and the European
Social Fund (FPI2014-00013). Particular gratefulness to PhD Oliva
Polvillo Polo (CITIUS, University of Seville’s Centre for Research) for
contributing her knowledge in chromatography analysisCiencias Agroforestale
Teacher Training and Motivational Climate in Physical Education: Secondary School Student Perception
Full text linkEl estilo interpersonal de apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas usado por los docentes mejora el clima motivacional del aula.Este estudio cuasi-experimental analizó si la formación docente recibida incidió en el clima motivacional de las clases de Educación Física. Participaron un total de 98 estudiantes (M ± DT: 13,30 ± 1,22 años) y cuatro docentes de varios institutos públicos de Educación Secundaria de Huelva. Dos docentes recibieron formación mediante un programa formativo validado previamente. En concreto, ambos docentes fueron formados en el clima motivacional.Éstos reportaron mejoras significativas en el estilo interpersonal de apoyo a la autonomía; que se tradujo, a su vez, en la satisfacción de estas necesidades (destacando la novedad) por parte del alumnado, menor frustración en la necesidad de autonomía, y mayor apoyo a las necesidades de competencia y relación social. Igualmente, las regulaciones más autodeterminadas aumentaron. La intencionalidad de ser físicamente activo también aumentó. Por otro lado, los dos docentes que no recibieron formación no causaron mejoras en sus clases sobre el clima motivacional, solo en la intencionalidad de ser físicamente activo. Los docentes tienen que formarse en mejorar su estilo interpersonal, lo que implica aumentar el apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas y, a su vez, disminuir el controlThe interpersonal supportive style addressing basic psychological needs used by teachers
improve the motivational climate of classes. This quasi-experimental study analysed whether the
training of Physical Education teachers impacted the motivational climate of classes. A total of 98
students (M ± SD: 13.30 ± 1.22 years) and four teachers from various public secondary schools
in Huelva participated. Two teachers received training with a previously validated program.
Specifically, both teachers received training in motivational climate. They reported improvements
in the interpersonal supportive style for autonomy, which in turn translated into the satisfaction of
these needs (highlighting novelty), reduced frustration in the need for autonomy, and increased
support for competence and social relatedness needs. Additionally, more self-determined
behaviours increased. The intention to continue being physically active also increased. However,
the two teachers who did not receive training did not cause improvements in their classes
regarding the motivational climate, only in the intention to be physically active. Teachers should
receive training to improve their interpersonal style, which involves increasing support for basic
psychological needs and, in turn, decreasing controlEste trabajo fue posible gracias a
las ayudas en concurrencia
competitiva a proyectos I+D+i en el
marco del Programa Operativo
FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020.
Programa de Investigación de
Fomento del Conocimiento Básico
(UHU-202006); y del programa de
Formación del Profesorado
Universitario (FPU22/01931) del
Ministerio de Ciencias, Innovación y
Universidades. Gobierno de EspañaDidácticas Integrada