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Reimagining a future for game studies, from the ground up
No full textThis article posits a future for game studies based on considering the ground—metaphorically and quite literally—upon which we play, produce, distribute, and work with games. Offering a critical consideration of the mobile game Temple Run inspired by both postcolonial and anticolonial scholarship, I explore some of the ways in which games transform our relations to land. This offers a multiscalar understanding of games and (in) place. From this perspective it becomes possible to understand how games are materially imbricated in some of our most urgent challenges—a central task for game studies, both present and future
To røyser på Hernes Søndre, Bodø: Arkeologisk undersøkelse ved Bodø Lufthavn
No full textI forbindelse med reguleringsplan for Bodø Lufthavn undersøkte Universitetsmuseet i 2021 to antatte gravrøyser. Det ble ikke påvist gjenstander, beinrester eller konstruksjonsdetaljer som kan henvise til at røysene har inngått i gravlegginger. Trekull fra den ene røysa ble datert til romertid, 233 – 290 e.v.t. Røysene tolkes som rydningsrøyser, som har blitt etablert i løpet eller i ettertid av jordbruksaktivitet som involverte svedjebrenning.
Sámegiela hástalusat, seailluheapmi ja ovdáneapmi Guovdageainnus
No full textThe principle of Norwegianization formed the basis of Norway’s official policy towards the Saami from the 1880s until the mid-1900s, a period in which the Norwegian authorities prevented and prohibited the use of as well as instruction in the Saami language.
Norwegianization did not function uniformly in all Saami speaking areas and the Saami language survived better in some areas than in others.
Becoming “Norwegianized” occurred when Saami speaking persons started using a non-native language instead of their own mother tongue, a process that just happened, without any discussion or explanation whatsoever.
I have studied the status and condition of the Saami language in Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino throughout the 1900s.
The Saami language has survived in Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino, though the language situation has varied from one period to the next. The 1980s were prosperous and in this period the municipality officially adopted Saami on an equal footing with Norwegian.
Survival of a language, however, depends on its use, and for Saami schools, it is a goal to make pupils functionally bilingual.
Since the 1990s, Saami has been an official language in central areas in Norway. However, there are internal variations in the language situation. In the Saami municipalities, Saami is used in people’s everyday lives both at home and at work. There is need for the development of the language.Dáruiduhttin lea leamaš stáda sámepolitihka prinsihpalaš vuođđun 1880-logu rájes, ja dáruiduhttin lei boađusin stáda doaimmain sámegiela ja kultuvrra ektui. Dat politihkka almmolaččat loahpahuvvui nuppi máilmmi soađi áiggi 1940–1945, ja Norgga stuoradiggi almmolaččat mearridii molsut sámepolitihkalaš prinsihpa dáruiduhttimis seailluhit sámegiela ja kultuvrra almmolaččat. Liikká leat olbmot ođđa sámepolitihka áiggi guođđán eatnigielaset ja sámi kultuvrralaš dovdomearkkaid nugo biktasiid, namaid jnv. Dát dáruiduvve go mánát dahje nuorraolbmot geavahišgohte dárogiela ja nugo dážabiktasiid dahje go váhnemat válljeje dárogiela vuosttašgiellan mánáidasaset.
Orro leame dego dáruiduvvan livččii joatkán vaikko dáruiduhttin lei almmolaččat loahpahuvvon. Mun lean dutkan sámegiela saji ja hástalusaid Guovdageainnus, ja dán artihkkalis mun dutkandieđuid vuođul čilgen mot Guovdageainnu olbmot aktevran čáhkkegohte saji sámegillii almmolaš giellan
Hvordan påvirkes bunnfauna i en nordnorsk fjord av avgangsmasser fra en kobbergruve?
No full textNorge er en av få nasjoner i verden som tillater undersjøisk deponering av avgangsmasser fra gruvedrift. Tidligere tiders filosofi basert på "ute av syne, ute av sinn" er imidlertid ikke et argument som fungerer i dagens samfunn. Det har derfor vært et sterkt fokus på kunnskapsinnhenting knyttet til hvordan slik deponering påvirker marint miljø de senere år. 
Utmarksbeite for husdyr i Nord-Noreg – stor ressurs, men lite bruk
No full textNord-Norge har dei største utmarksbeiteressursane i landet både i kvalitet og mengde. Men bruken av ressursen er liten og har ei negativ utvikling. Dette går fram av ein rapport frå NIBIO som for første gong gjev ei samla oversikt over utmarksbeite for husdyr i heile landet og for kvart fylke
Determinants of using AI-powered discovery services
No full textIn 2023 the scholarly communities are witnessing a spring of Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered tools for scientific work. Scholars are tempted to integrate various time-saving AI applications in their workflow, from data analysis to disseminating research results. Among these novel “research assistants”, several enhanced discovery services apply machine learning to identify the most relevant results for the information seeker and visualize them to the user in innovative ways.
The rapid emergence of these tools has raised concerns about the impact of AI technology on scientific research and led to requirements of transparency, accountability, and explainability of the new AI tools.
From the systems viewpoint, responsibility for the impact of technology extends beyond developers to the broader society. The user communities, including librarians providing services for academia, are considered counterparts in the effects of AI technology systems. Individuals decide how they behave with the new information technology, for example, whether they trust the system and its outcome. Thus, an individual user is also part of the socio-technical evolution of building transparent, accountable, and explainable AI.
In this study, we explore the challenges of adopting AI tools in scientific research on the level of an individual librarian working for academia. We aim to detect poorly addressed mindsets around explainability, fairness, and privacy, named “blind spots” in AI ethics (Hagendorff, 2022). The goal is to understand the “determinants” of librarians’ information behavior with novel AI tools. We focus on two AI-powered visual discovery services: openknowledgemaps.org and www.litmaps.com. These tools help users to navigate and analyze research articles as concept graphs.
In this poster, our primary research question is: What are the determinants of librarians’ intentions when they adopt/use new AI-powered tools?
We conducted an expert evaluation (Tessmer, 1993) on these two discovery services using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework that explains human behavior through three individual beliefs: attitudes, norms, and control. This framework helped us detect new “blind spots” in the behavioral determinants that have remained unnoticed in the recent discourses about AI ethics in libraries.
Our study indicated a lack in the area of normative beliefs, a “blind spot”: The social pressure to quickly adopt the newest technology and the lack of library-specific norms for using AI in academia may become a handicap for an individual librarian who contemplates whether or not to use an AI tool
Primed and ready? Ethical guidelines and the adoption of AI tools in research and library work
No full textThe emergence and proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools has left the realm of science fiction and the province of computer science research and has reached the everyday activities of academics and various support staff. AI promises to automate and facilitate a range of research tasks and increase scientific productivity, and can thus be expected to raise new questions and dilemmas that might challenge the systems of accountability currently in place to safeguard academic integrity.
This poster presents preliminary results of an analysis of seven prominent ethical guidelines (international and Norwegian): the Vancouver protocol, ALLEA guidelines, NENT and NESH guidelines, professional codes of ethics from IFLA, ALA, and the Norwegian Union of Librarians. EBLIDA and LIBER were consulted, but do not offer their own ethical guidelines. The main research question is: to what extent do current ethical guidelines support researchers and librarians in dealing with ethical questions brought about by the proliferation of new AI tools?
The concern that emergent technologies tend to challenge values, norms, and practices in academia is not new. For example, ALLEA (2017) acknowledges that the values and principles they lay out are “affected by social, political or technological developments and by changes in the research environment” (p.3). Nonetheless, only the Vancouver protocol (updated in May 2023) provides explicit recommendations on AI; it essentially prescribes that authors/reviewers disclose if and how they used AI tools. The other documents, ranging from 2008 to 2022, mention neither AI nor the possibility of automation technologies in academic/library work.
Despite the absence of advice on AI, the analysis revealed interesting issues on ethical guidelines and emergent technologies. ALA (2017) makes extensive recommendations about social media, both as a tool for libraries’ own work and as a demand from patrons who require their expertise. Similar needs for new competencies and responsibilities can be expected from AI. Also, the Norwegian Union of Librarians (2008) encourages the adoption of free software, open standards, and open source codes; this can gain new momentum with the emergence of proprietary tools and algorithms, particularly if they are trained on public data curated by i.a. libraries.
Ethical guidelines are general; they state a commitment to certain values and how they should guide certain tasks and practices. They do not prescribe how concrete tools should be employed. In this regard, the current ethical guidelines do offer a sound basis upon which new ethical questions can be assessed. Yet, unlike other types of tools employed in research and library work, AI poses challenges to things that are taken for granted by ethical guidelines, such as what constitutes information, or whether non-human entities can be considered authors, sources, or neither.
In conclusion, it might be beneficial to revise ethical guidelines, less so because AI requires concrete recommendations, and more because they challenge substantive assumptions upon which guidelines rely. Also, new possibilities afforded by AI might put pressure on certain values, such as reproducibility and academic craftsmanship. Assuming that academia/library communities consider these important to preserve, it might be beneficial to reaffirm these values in light of the changing landscape
Human impact: Plastic pollution
No full textFocus:
To comprehend that plastic pollution is a major problem and is having an impact on oceans everywhere. These impacts are seen on beaches and shorelines and all the way to the deepest places in the ocean.
Learning objectives:
In this activity, pupils will gain an appreciation for the extent of plastic pollution in and around oceans. They will start to understand how plastic pollution can have a negative impact on life below the surface of the sea.
Key words:
Ocean pollution, plastics, microplastics
倾听周围世界的声音
No full textFocus:
To take time to identify and recognize the sounds in the spaces around us.
Learning objectives:
With this activity, we will draw attention to our surrounding environment through listening. This can function as a stand-alone activity. However, you can also use it as a starting point before transferring the experience to deep- sea environments in the activity called “Cold Seeps Symphony”.
Key words:
Spatial awareness, listening, sound walk, noise pollution.重点:
花时间识别和认识我们周围空间的声音
学习目标:
通过这项活动，我们将通过倾听引起对周围环境的注意。这可以作为一个独立的活动。
键词:
空间意识、倾听、声音行走、噪音污