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引言
No full textAn introduction to the 5 interdisciplinary lesson plans about the ocean and connecting with it via the senses that make up this booklet. The booklet was developed as part of the Advancing Knowledge about Methane in the Arctic (AKMA) Project, which is also briefly presented here.这本小册子提供了 5 个关于海洋以及通过感官与海洋联系的跨学科课程计划。 本手册是作为 AKMA 项目的一部分而开发的，此处也对该项目进行了简要介绍
序言
No full textIntroductory remarks: A collaboration between the projects Akma2 Ocean Senses and ECO_CARE leaves no one behind within the umbrella of the Agenda 2030.介绍性发言： 在2030年议程的框架下，Akma2 Ocean Senses和ECO_CARE两个项目之间的合作不会让任何人掉队
生活从难闻
No full textFocus:
To understand that hydrogen sulphide indicates that there is life at the bottom of the deep-sea.
Learning objectives:
With this activity, we create a nasty smell similar to hydrogen sulphide from rotting organic matter. We use that smell as a foundation for a discussion/lesson on interesting life, animals and food webs from the deep sea floor.
Key words:
Deep-sea, hydrogen sulphide, chemosynthesis, nematodes, tube worms, food webs.重点：
要了解硫化氢表明在深海底部有生命。
学习目标：
通过这个活动，我们创造了一种类似于有机物腐烂产生的硫化氢的讨厌的气味。我们以这种
气味为基 础，讨论/讲授来自深海海底的有趣的生命、动物和食物网。
键词：
深海，硫化氢，化能合成，线虫动物门，管虫，食物网
Annual Report 2013
No full textEarth scientists at CAGE together with colleagues from The Geological Survey of Norway and Akvaplan-niva aim to assess the role of Arctic gas hydrate in past, present and future climate change. For past or present reconstructions we study samples from the sub seabed, the seabed, the water column and the atmosphere and for the future outlook we aim to use modeling with experts from atmospheric science. To accomplish these goals, CAGE contributes to enhanced collaborations and relationships with university and industry research teams at national and international levels
CAGE15-1 Cruise Report : CAGE-CO2 Winter Cruise to the western and northwestern Svalbard margin and the Barents Sea
No full textFrom the afternoon of April 1st to the morning of April 9th 2015, CAGE at the Department of Geology Uit, the Arctic University of Norway, arranged a scientific cruise aimed at investigating the western Barents Sea slope, western and northern Svalbard margin, methane seep sites at Vestnesa and Storfjorden Trough and the Barents Sea on R/V “Helmer Hanssen”. Investigated areas were (in order of visiting sites on the cruise): Malangen Trough, Bjørnøya Trough Mouth Fan south and mid, Storfjorden Fan, Vestnesa Ridge, the northwest Svalbard slope to north of Schmeerenburgfjorden. On the track towards Tromsø we sampled in Storfjorden Trough. The scientific sampling was done within the framework of several ongoing projects at the Department of Geology, University of Tromsø: “CAGE -Centre for Arctic Gas hydrate, Environment and Climate”, in which the sub-projects “Paleo-CIRCUS”, “OA-Ocean Acidification” is included.
A total of 2 gravity cores, 8 plankton net casts and 22 CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) casts were performed along the route to Northern Svalbard at the western Barents Sea slope. Data were also collected in Storfjorden Trough and the mouth of Storfjorden. In addition, CTD’s and a small chirp and multibeam survey was performed off Schmeerenburgfjorden, north of fjorden and in its northernmost part.
Chirp profiles and multibeam lines were acquired during transits and during the survey of outer Schmeerenburgfjorden. The recording started from c. 71 N on the western Barents Sea slope and ended at 70.00 N.
The cruise may be known as: CAGE15_1_CO
Cruise report CAGE15-3
No full textThe cruise had two main objectives:
Deployment of the two CAGE ocean floor observatories (OS1 and OS2) at shallow PKF site and deeper PKF site;
CAGE ocean floor observatories were designed and build as collaborative work of CAGE scientists with Kongsberg engineers. Observatories have identical set up except that only one of them have side looking multibeam. The set up is:
Seabed Platform/seabed lander/mooring frame (x2) – OS1 has black mooring frame, OS2 has grey mooring frame, CTD (x2), Oxygen sensor (x2), CH4 sensor (x2), CO2 sensor (x2), pH sensor (x1), Fluorometer (x2), ADCP (x2), Current profiler (x1), Multibeam echosounder (x1) – grey lander, OS2, Broadband Hydrophone (x2), Flowmeter (x2)
For specific description of each lander, please refer to ‘taking over’ documents (WP4 team leader). Landers and sensors arrived to Tromsø with a track from Hamburg, A. Silyakova was a reference person to receive goods and shipping documents. Time period between 24 and 26 of June was the assemblage of observatories and tests of telemetry/communication/camera on a launcher. Pär Jeanson (PhD student WP4) and Reidar Kaasa (substitute engineer instead of Anoop in WP4) from CAGE were assigned to receive training on observatory assemblage/communication. 26 of June – taking over procedure.
Sites for the deployment were discussed during preparatory phase. Water depth at the sites could not exceed 500 meters due to restrictions in relation to the recovery rope, which is only 500 meters long. Photographs from the tow cam used during CAGE 15-2 cruise (chief scientist on the cruise G. Panieri) revealed sites with bacterial mats on the ocean floor. Prior each deployment we did echosounder and multibeam survey to know where flares are highly concentrated. Information from the survey was mapped instantly. Target spots for both observatories were chosen based on all this combined information.
Oceanographic survey in the area of shallow PKF methane flares;
From the “Testing seep fertilization hypothesis” proposal:‘
During cruise CAGE 14-1 the USGS-GAS system detected elevated methane fluxes near the coast and over the shelf seep site in ca. 90m water depth. Methane fluxes above the 240 and 400m site are much less, although slightly elevated with respect to the open ocean (e.g. Vestnesa). Unexpectedly, high methane concentrations (up to 20nM) are often accompanied by low CO2 concentrations. Initial estimates of the total CO2 budget show that under those conditions seep areas are CO2 sinks. What are the biological, geochemical and hydrographic conditions that made these seeps a CO2 sink? Are the observations from CAGE 14-1 repeatable? And ultimately, what are the processes causing the strong CO2 consumption.’It was decided to test seep fertilization hypothesis during CAGE 15-3 cruise by conducting comprehensive water sampling for biogeochemical environment in the entire water column above the area of methane flares. At the same time, USGS-GAS system was onboard allowing to simultaneously measuring surface water/lower atmosphere gas concentrations. This potentially allows calculating vertical gas flux from one realm to another.
Depending on available time, collaborators equipment and human resources, water from 64 CTD stations was samples for following parameters: CH4 concentration; discrete sampling to introduce into CDRS system – 13C CH4, CO2; pH; DIC and 13C DIC; DOC; MOx; FISH; DNA; DMSP; CDOM; Nutrients (nitrate, silicate, phosphate).
The cruise may be known as: CAGE15_
Samisk-tyske møter under krigsårene 1940–1945
No full textBlant tyske tropper og enheter plassert i Norge og Finland under krigen fantes det flere slags oppfatninger om samene. Holdningene kunne være positive og eksotiserende, men samene ble også betraktet som en sikkerhetstrussel, og samene ble av tyskerne klassifisert etter sine antatte raseegenskaper. Samene ble ikke utsatt for de mest aggressive tyske holdningene, blant annet fordi de ble betraktet som en ressurs for tyske soldater